Friday, July 4, 2008, 10:30PM ET - U.S. Markets Closed for Independence Day.

Jack M. Guttentag The Mortgage Professor

Jack M. Guttentag, The Mortgage Professor

Pay Big Now, Pay Little Later?

by Jack M. Guttentag

Good (122 Ratings)
2.770496/5
Posted on Wednesday, December 26, 2007, 12:00AM

If you're hoping for a mortgage on which the monthly payment drops following a large payment to principal, you're not alone. Many borrowers would like this kind of loan; they may have a highly irregular income, or they may anticipate a windfall from a source such as a bonus, bequest, or insurance settlement.

Mortgages fall into four categories with regard to how responsive they are to this need. Standard fixed-rate mortgages (FRMs) are the least responsive; next come standard adjustable-rate mortgages (ARMs), then any FRM or ARM with an interest-only option. Finally, the most responsive is the Home Ownership Accelerator (HOA).

The FRM Option

Extra payments on an FRM shorten the payoff period but do not affect the monthly payment.

For example, if you borrow $100,000 for 30 years at 6 percent, your fully amortizing payment is $599.56. Pay this amount every month and you'll pay off the loan in 30 years. If you make an extra payment of $10,000 in month two, your payment in month three and all subsequent months remains $599.56. Your loan will pay off in month 280, but until then, you will receive no payment relief.

Of course, the lender can always agree to modify the contract, and some will do it for a fee. In the previous example, the payment could be dropped to $539.48, which is the fully amortizing payment that will pay off the loan over the original 30 years.

The ARMS Choice

With an ARM on which the borrower is making the fully amortizing payment, extra payments do change the monthly payment, but not until the next rate adjustment. At that point, the payment is recalculated using the reduced balance and the original term.

Assume that the $100,000 6 percent loan is a three-year ARM, and that an extra payment of $10,000 is made in month two. The payment would remain at $599.56 through month 36. In month 37, assuming the rate stayed at 6 percent, the payment would drop to $525.62. That is the new fully amortizing payment over the original term.

On ARMs with longer initial rate periods, the drop in payment following an extra payment would be further delayed. On the popular five-year ARM, for example, the payment wouldn't drop until month 61.

ARMs become more responsive after the initial rate period ends, because rate and payment adjustments then occur more frequently - in most cases, every year or very six months.

The Interest-Only Scenario

If a loan is interest-only, the payment should decline in the month following an extra payment, whether the loan is fixed-rate or adjustable-rate. The interest-only payment on the $100,000 loan at 6 percent is $500. Following the payment of $10,000 in month two, the interest-only payment should drop to $450 in month three.

There are several caveats to this sensitivity, however. One is that this particular situation doesn't always work the way it should because not all servicing systems can handle it properly. In some cases, the required new payment is properly calculated but the new amount has not been communicated to the borrower. In other cases, the payment adjustment is delayed, sometimes for a year, sometimes for longer.

Of course, if it is an ARM, the payment will adjust when the rate adjusts. If it is fixed-rate, however, the payment may not change until the end of the interest-only period, which would be five or 10 years.

Whether the mortgage is FRM or ARM, after the end of the interest-only period, payment responsiveness disappears. After that, each one is like any other FRM or ARM.

If you are contemplating an interest-only loan and find immediate payment adjustments in response to extra payments a highly desirable feature, don't expect the subject to be volunteered by the loan officer or mortgage broker. They are not involved in loan servicing and will likely not bring up the subject; make sure that you do.

Your Best Bet: The HOA

The most responsive type of mortgage is the HOA, because it has no required payment, only a maximum balance. So long as the actual balance is lower than the maximum, the borrower need make no payment at all.

HOA borrowers who make lump sum payments to reduce the balance and want to reduce payments to the fully amortizing level can just go ahead and do it. While the HOA servicer will not tell them what that new payment is (I am told that this will be remedied at some point), it is very easy to find that number using my calculator 7a.

Because HOA is an ARM that adjusts monthly, the fully amortizing payment will change a little every month, so borrowers who want to stay on track ought to repeat the exercise periodically.

Rate This story

Good (122 Ratings)
3/5
Sign-in to rate!

37 Comments

Showing comments 1-5 of 37Next >>
Sort: first to last
  • Yahoo! Finance User - Sunday, February 3, 2008, 2:35AM ET  Report Abuse

    • Overall: 5/5

    JG presents the facts impartial and as real as always for many, many years through "The Mortgage Professor" column as well as this new channel . For those who find this article's information "poor", all of what is presented is factual. A fixed, ARM, fixed IO, ARM IO and HOA all behave just like what is stated. I have a Fixed 15yr IO and it does reduce subsequent payments as stated. I also have a fixed 2nd mortgage normal 15yr and it also does NOT reduce payments like the fixed 15yr IO as represented in the column. What bad or untruthful information was presented to warrant a poor rating? In fact, the information present will educate and enlighten borrowers to payment differences between the mortgage products that you'll never hear before you go to the closing table. I have learned from the Mortgage Professor when making an informed decision about taking out first time mortgages for myself, and what to look out and what to ask for beforehand. Also the unbiased and very insightful info has helped me (as a software tester) and many other mortgage business professionals tremendously as a software tester for an Loan Origination System (LOS) for a Fortune 5 IT company. Your reputation in educating everyone in the field is broad and widespread and your website and Mortgage Encyclopedia book are definitive references for us. For the fixed IO mortgage, I didn't even know that after the fixed period the loan will amortized as a normal Fixed loan, so that bit of info will help me out (as I plan to pay down more before that time before it becomes a fixed payment - and to look for this behavior in amortization schedules of the LOS I am testing)! Please continue to keep up the good work of informing and teaching the public about the mortgage industry in how it works especially the details of recent subprime meltdown as of late. Your information will continue to be of much worth and value to those that know how to use it, and just like a loaded gun or a car out of control to the unitiated and uneducated, a weapon to those that would cause more harm to others or themselves. I thank you for the information and look forward to many, many more of your well written and informative articles.

  • Yahoo! Finance User - Sunday, January 6, 2008, 10:26PM ET  Report Abuse

    • Overall: 1/5

    The current crisis in housing and financial markets is thanks to people like Guttentag. Interestingly, both rich and poor are losers in this game! The poor have now lost their "dream homes", while the "rich" are paying the bills. However, Wall Street bonuses are hardly affected.

  • Yahoo! Finance User - Wednesday, January 2, 2008, 6:15PM ET  Report Abuse

    • Overall: 1/5

    The article is factual enough, but I think misguided. I just can't think of that many people that have such a lumpy income stream that they need this kind of a product (real estate agents, high-end car salesmen, farmers....OK, I'm tapped out on ideas). At the end of the day, this kind of scenario mostly attracts people that can't really afford the house they want to buy from their regular income, but want to believe that some extraordinary event (before endless real estate appreciation, now Aunt Myrtle's passing or that insurance settlement) will somehow bail them out and make the impossible possible. The fact that a column like "The Mortgage Professor" is even viable when most of us are in the same boat of cashing our paychecks every week working for the man speaks volumes about how screwed up real estate prices are in many markets (and how willfully people in high-cost markets want to ignore the fact that they can't buy the same house that their salary would afford in Texas or the Midwest). That said, I'll give the Professor credit for identifying an unmet need in the mortgage market - not sure why prepaing a traditional FRM shouldn't reduce the ongoing payment versus the term. And I'm not a purist for FRM - I did my first ARM a five years ago, and even when it rests this year, the rate will still be lower than the FRM rate today. But I could still afford the ARM if it hit its interest rate cap (although it would hurt). The lesson is, don't take out a mortgage that you can't pay from your humdrum weekly paycheck.

  • dave - Wednesday, January 2, 2008, 5:27PM ET  Report Abuse

    • Overall: 1/5

    This is why the mortgage industry is viewed as used car salesman. My father used to say figures don't lie but liars do figure. An HOA loan gives you some very iffy options but at a huge risk. If you truly have great variations in income than keep several payments and pay down the principal with the remainder. I don't believe there is a single borrower that ever got one of these loans and completely understood all the implications of what they were doing. The industry is loaded with those looking for someway to sound like they have the next best thing. STOP IT!!!! Either get out or, 1. Start thinking of your client first. 2. Start offering competitive products at good rates with great service. If you do, you will do just fine if you don't then you will get exactly what you deserve.

  • Yahoo! Finance User - Wednesday, January 2, 2008, 3:03PM ET  Report Abuse

    • Overall: 4/5

    I'm not sure where all the trash-talking is coming from. JG is the only columnist on this site who consistently gives FACTS that readers can then use for themselves or ignore should they so choose. For someone with very large, but infrequent sources of income, perhaps this option makes the most sense. There are risks to every mortgage product, even a standard 30-yr fixed. The risk on most, of course, is that you will have insufficient income to pay it after a job loss, injury, etc. But the risk of month-to-month non-payment for someone with inconsistent income may be significantly higher. The only one who can truly make that decision is the borrower.

Showing comments 1-5 of 37Next >>

More from Jack M. Guttentag

The Mortgage Encyclopedia

An authoritative yet concise guide to the mysteries of mortgage finance, arranged alphabetically from "A-Credit" to "Zero Balance." Includes information that will help you decide whether to use a mortgage broker, learn if you can avoid mortgage insurance, and much more. Reach for this indispensable guide and get the fast, accurate information you need!

Order your copy now!

Find out more about The Mortgage Professor.

More from Yahoo! Sources

  • CNN Money
  • Consumer Reports
  • Kiplinger
  • The Motley Fool
  • Business Week
  • Wall Street Journal

Sponsored Links

Earn From 3.04% to 3.35%
With AAA rated, GE Capital Corp. Not an offer of securities for sale.
www.geinterestplus.com
Forex Currency Trading
Trade Forex Online with GFT. Free Practice Account. Try Risk-Free Now.
www.GFTforex.com
Countrywide® Home Loans
No Closing Cost Refi Options. No Points or Processing Fees. Call Now.
www.Countrywide.com
Search for Low Mortgage Rates
Connect to the lender. Lock today. Apply online. Same day approvals.
www.LowRateLoanSearch.com
Bad Credit Loans up to $1500
Get Cash Overnight! No Faxing, No Credit Check Easy Flexible Payments.
www.GetCash9.com
Stop the Paday loan cycle! We Can help
Consolidate and save. Stop the interest payments. Save thousands.
www.PDLAssistance.com