Mon, May 28, 2012, 3:05 PM EDT - U.S. Markets closed for Memorial Day

Most Share Buybacks Don't Pay Off for Investors

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Companies are repurchasing shares at levels not seen since before the financial crisis, but most buybacks don't pay off for shareholders, says a new report from Thompson Reuters.

"We found that surprisingly few companies were able to repurchase shares at lower prices as well as see future price appreciation within the following 12 months," says the report.

With cash at record levels, stock buybacks are an increasingly popular way to use free cash flow.

Investors often equate buybacks with management's belief that the company is undervalued by the market, and purchases can significantly affect the performance of a company stock if the timing is right. But Thomson Reuters' data shows that's not always the case.

According to the report, out of 380 companies in the S&P 500 that repurchased shares in at least five of the quarters, 84 companies bought shares when the stock price was high, and only 60 firms were able to buy low.

In addition, 72 companies saw poor returns within a year following share repurchases, versus 57 that saw good results.

The findings point to a combination of bad market timing as well as policies that increase buybacks when companies have more free cash flow.

"This may be partially explained by the need for officers of public companies to make some use of the cash on hand, including keeping less of it due to the possibility of being taken over," says the report.

Among the companies that were able to generate value for their investors with share buybacks are: EOG Resources (NYSE: EOG - News), St. Jude Medical (NYSE: STJ - News), Molex (NASDAQ: MOLX - News), JC Penney (NYSE: JCP - News), TXU Corp., Electronic Data Systems and Temple Inland Company (NYSE: TIN - News).

"The general repurchase activity pattern for these companies is that they don't necessarily repurchase shares on a regular basis. Rather, they opportunistically purchase shares when the stock price decreases," says the report.

The top five companies that have historically bought more of their own stock at times when prices were high are: Ford Motor (NYSE:F - News), Travelers (NYSE: TRV - News), Exxon Mobil (NYSE: XOM - News)-which had its first large repurchase one quarter before its all-time stock price peak and then reduced repurchases as its stock price fell, as well as FedEx (NYSE: FDX - News), Merrill Lynch and Exelon (NYSE: EXC - News).

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94 comments

  • joe  •  4 months ago
    Before GM went bankrupt executives had bought back $40 billion in stock over ten years. When GM went bankrupt they had $40 billion in debt. They should have been paying down their debt but the execs wanted to juice the stock and their own pay.
    • Jason 4 months ago
      Shhhhhhhhhhhhh!
    • NewEconomics 4 months ago
      Stock repurchases should be used only by companies who have excess cash - like Apple, Microsoft etc. Definitely not GM. But ... then look at it this way, they blew their cash, and then got their bailout from the taxpayer - so, GM was just taking advantage of the situation.
    • sGreg 4 months ago
      In most cases, the cost of debt is far lower than the cost of stock (WACC equation). So if you have spare cash, buy back the stock. Unless the company is already heavily leveraged.
  • A Yahoo! User  •  Charlotte, North Carolina  •  4 months ago
    Buybacks pay sellers. Dividends reward owners.
    • Orion1961 4 months ago
      Nicely put!
    • Nathan 4 months ago
      Buybacks and dividends are financially equivalent pre-tax. Either way cash is taken off the balance sheet and returned to investors. Investors who want the size of their position in a company's shares reduced (on a dollar basis) can sell into a buyback or can keep a cash dividend in cash. Investors who want the size of their investment to remain the same can hold their shares in a buyback or reinvest their dividends (and either way their percentage share of the company increases by the same small amount). After tax, buybacks are more efficient, because the entire amount of the dividend is taxable, whereas only the portion of the buyback that represents capital gains is taxable. In other words, buybacks are better than dividends after tax, plain and simple. The only reason dividends are viewed with such favor is because people like this commenter think buybacks signal one thing and dividends signal something else. In terms of how managers actually use the two different tools, there may be some truth to that, but in a world of rational finance, buybacks would be preferred to dividends (at least until the senseless dividend tax is eliminated).
    • Ed 4 months ago
      This article doesn't point out that companies that pay dividends also have mixed results. There is no difference between a dividend and a buy back.

      Let's say a company has 2 shareholders that each owns 1 share. And the company has $1 million dollars of cash on hand. Let's also assume the share price is $1 million per share. So there are two options. The company can either pay a dividend to each investor of $500k, at which point each investor owns 50% of the company (now worth $500k per share after the payout) and has $500k of cash in their pocket. OR the company can buy back 1 share for $1 million, which would leave one guy with 1 share worth $1 million, and the other guy with $1 million of cash from the buy back. Dividend or buy back, the ending result is the same.
  • Vanja  •  4 months ago
    Didn't Peter Lynch tell us decades ago that when companies use their cash to buy back shares it's time to sell? if that's the "highest and best" use of their cash then I tend to agree. If they aren't using it to expand markets, modernize plants, R&D, etc., then dividend it to the owners (shareholders).
    • SC 4 months ago
      Yeah if they don't see a reason to expand or upgrade increasing or offering a dividend and than keeping the rest of the the cash on hand seems like a better idea.
    • ThomasF 4 months ago
      It seems to me that buy backs are an indication that management doesn't know how to build the business and needs to be replaced.
    • Vanja 4 months ago
      Excellent point ThomasF
  • THEPHILLYLAWYER  •  Harrisburg, Pennsylvania  •  4 months ago
    stock buybacks only help those that have gotten lower than market options... if the corporations really wanted to do something positive... they would increase dividends
  • Scott  •  4 months ago
    Give me dividends and let me reinvest them how I want.
    • Fred 4 months ago
      by performing a buyback and not issuing a dividend, CEOs/CFOs are saying they know how to allocate capital better than the market...AND THEY DON'T!! They are business men not investors.
  • Eric  •  New York, New York  •  4 months ago
    Folks, share buybacks have nothing to do with increasing share price. They are designed to increase bonus payouts to the upper level managment by increasing revenue and profit per share (same revenue, fewer shares). There is no correlation of share price to buybacks, a 100% correlation of increased bonuses to increases in revenue or profit per share
    • Selim 4 months ago
      What company includes share repo's into the bonus calc? That's just asking for the system to be gamed. Well run companies do a pro-forma share count excl. repo's.
    • sGreg 4 months ago
      If you reduce the shares outstanding, EPS goes up. When EPS goes up, the stock become more undervalued.
  • Think about it.  •  4 months ago
    They are not for investors. They are for the management so they can give themselves more stock options every year. Management is constantly stealing company shares from the investors.
  • Phuk-u-bernanke  •  4 months ago
    I make it clear to the world that stock buy-backs hurt the shareholder. The shareholder loses equity because what happens with the stock purchased is that it goes to the executives as stock options, thus an added expense that isn't realized instantaneously. The corporation is thus worth less, not more when all is said and done.

    As much as I tell Bloomberg and other news agencies in trying to help those who think they are investing, they prefer to remain ignorant on the subject.

    You can see on stock market realities blog (spot) site and even if you want fairness in this world, you can see the fair, highly stable, manipulation-resistant stock market system that was given to the SEC more than a year ago that's in the book "God Gave You a Brain; Use It!" Evidently the SEC likes the unfair system instead of one that would be great for investors. In today's market, it's not about investing, but more akin to musical chairs and manipulation. By the way, day-trading would not work in this new system. Trading volume would be just a few percent of what it is today. So now you can see who will lose and would want to prevent this from being instituted. The money changers who thrive off of skimming money from you every day would need to seek some other illegitimate occupation.
  • daveh  •  Panama City, Florida  •  4 months ago
    CBS buys back shares, and then awards them to the executives. In 2011, officers sold over 3 million shares, and purchased zero, zilch. They sold shares that were awarded them. In january Moonves sold 300,000 shares, giving him over 8 million dollars. He sells hundreds of thousands of shares every month, which he was awarded.
  • meesohawnee  •  4 months ago
    they only pay off for insiders. issue debt. take the cash do a buyback. increase EPS insiders with boat loads of options go ca ching.. duuuhhh
  • SWW  •  4 months ago
    YES. But how can we tell the management? In all cases they should just give us dividend.
  • Robert  •  4 months ago
    The real purpose of stock buybacks is to prevent dilution of stock value caused by large option grants to executives. In other words, they hide the damage done to shareholders by excessive executive compensation.
  • ay  •  Los Angeles, California  •  4 months ago
    Stock buyback is a horrible idea. As a shareholder, I would prefer that you dividend out the excess cash, even if I'm going to be taxed on it at a higher rate or if it would make dividend payments uneven. Management should not presume to know better than I do about how best to deploy those excess funds. But then again, Management's incentive is on their stock option so there's a vested interest in hording the cash. A one-time dividend or an inconsistent dividend payment, even though it would benefit stockholders, would hurt stock price.
  • John G  •  Lexington, Kentucky  •  4 months ago
    Buying 2 shares x $1 adds more value then 1 share x $2. Buying back an overvalued stock props up EPS so that exec's can hit their targets and collect their bonuses but does not add value. Buying back an undervalued does add value. Don't let anyone tell you that price is not the issue. It's the only issue.
  • alfalfach  •  Gardner, Kansas  •  4 months ago
    as a shareholder i would rather for them to give the shareholder the money instead of stock buy backs
  • bankruptUSAblogspot  •  Eugene, Oregon  •  4 months ago
    I am amazed. I thought everyone was so dumb to this stock buy-back stuff. Apparently some of you know exactly what it's used for. It gives the executives more money off the backs of those who think they are investing and decreases the float to make it look like their earnings per share is higher.

    You are constantly being swindled. You should all see the fair stock market system in "God Gave You a Brain; Use It!" book. This is what we need. Bernanke should not be allowed to interfere in the free markets. It would also get rid of program day trading since no longer would prices move.
  • Robert  •  Richmond, Virginia  •  4 months ago
    I think if they used the money to increase their dividends that this would be good for shareholders and likely drive stock prices up.
  • Dummicrats.and.Retardican ...  •  4 months ago
    It helps fuel our record wealth divide as the executives are able to legally steal through giving themselves all the stock options they want from these purchases.
  • ryu  •  New York, New York  •  4 months ago
    well now not all buybacks are the same it depends on the management.

    if the management has a history of issuing new stock and issuing options for themselves.

    then buybacks are trash.

    BUT if the company is disciplined and do not do that then all is well.

    buybacks are bad if they use those as an excuse to give themselves massive bonuses.

    AHEM 99% of usa listed companies on wallstreet especially goldman sucks and banksters that do this is bad bad bad.

    research the history of the company and how they operate.

    dividends are taxed so buybacks are usually better from a tax stand point.

    BLAME GOV taxing div then.

    it is double taxation revenue then tax on us for div.

    thus buybacks are only taxed one time not twice.

    from a tax stand point buybacks are better.

    BUT it all depends on people managing it.

    DO YOU trust them to manage it?

    ONLY trust buybacks if you trust the management.

    TOO bad 90% ceos based in usa are trash. and are ripping shareholders off.

    look elsewhere for investment if they do buybacks based in usa and paid over 1 million bucks + bonuses.

    if they get bonuses in options look elsewhere.

    if they dont buy the stock themselves look elsewhere.
  • Jason  •  4 months ago
    Companies almost always and inexplicably buy at high valuations!?! It's very easy. If Warren Buffett is hoarding cash - don't repurchase your shares!!! When he's buying so should you!
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