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Does Anyone Believe That Unemployment Would Be Just 6.8% If Obama Hadn't Extended Jobless Benefits?

Posted Aug 30, 2010 01:35pm EDT by Joe Weisenthal in Recession

If there's one thing the WSJ editorial page loves, it's arguments that the extension of jobless benefits creates unemployment by discouraging people to find work.

And so it is today that Harvard economist Robert Barro is out with a new piece arguing that if Obama hadn't extended unemployment benefits, we'd be at 6.8% unemployment and not 9.5%.

How does he arrive at this number? Simple, he just presumes for no reason that the nature of the recent jobless spike is no different than the one seen in the early 80s. (An examination of unemployment in the early 80s vs. right now was made recently by David Leonhardt in the NYT. He noted that in 1982, 22% of the population experienced joblessness, whereas this time that peaked at 16%).

So anyway Barro just says: Well, unemployment fell fast in the early 80s, when we had a shorter period of being able to collect benefits, ergo, it should be the same now.

Here's Barro:

To begin with a historical perspective, in the 1982 recession the peak unemployment rate of 10.8% in November-December 1982 corresponded to a mean duration of unemployment of 17.6 weeks and a share of long-term unemployment (those unemployed more than 26 weeks) of 20.4%. Long-term unemployment peaked later, in July 1983, when the unemployment rate had fallen to 9.4%. At that point, the mean duration of unemployment reached 21.2 weeks and the share of long-term unemployment was 24.5%.  These numbers are the highest observed in the post-World War II period until recently. Thus, we can think of previous recessions (including those in 2001, 1990-91 and before 1982) as featuring a mean duration of unemployment of less than 21 weeks and a share of long-term unemployment of less than 25%.

These numbers provide a stark contrast with joblessness today. The peak unemployment rate of 10.1% in October 2009 corresponded to a mean duration of unemployment of 27.2 weeks and a share of long-term unemployment of 36%. The duration of unemployment peaked (thus far) at 35.2 weeks in June 2010, when the share of long-term unemployment in the total reached a remarkable 46.2%.  These numbers are way above the ceilings of 21 weeks and 25% share applicable to previous post-World War II recessions. The dramatic expansion of unemployment-insurance eligibility to 99 weeks is almost surely the culprit.

To get a rough quantitative estimate of the implications for the unemployment rate, suppose that the expansion of unemployment-insurance coverage to 99 weeks had not occurred and—I assume—the share of long-term unemployment had equaled the peak value of 24.5% observed in July 1983. Then, if the number of unemployed 26 weeks or less in June 2010 had still equaled the observed value of 7.9 million, the total number of unemployed would have been 10.4 million rather than 14.6 million. If the labor force still equaled the observed value (153.7 million), the unemployment rate would have been 6.8% rather than 9.5%.

This is really, really thin, because it presumes that the different lengths of being able to collect unemployment-insurance is the defining difference between now and then. But in 1982 we weren't coming off a massive multi-year bubble. And we're not merely in a post-burst era -- home values are still going down, and construction is at something of a standstill, which means this is an active drag on the economy.

Housing is just one difference, but as this chart from Calculated Risk -- which compares housing starts and employment -- reminds us, it's a powerful predictor of jobs. And sure, it's probably not the only issue, but Barro could at least try to argue why this is not a relevant factor to consider before decrying the jobless benefits that can represent the last barrier between joblessness and total devastation for many families.

If you don't buy Barro's argument there's another reason why jobs won't soon return.  Companies are using their cash to fire employees. Really. A lot of jobs are going to get killed in this new M&A boom that we're seeing, from fertilizer (BHP/Potash), to packing (Reynolds/Pactiv), to tech (HP/Dell/3Par), and pharma (Sanofi/Genzyme). Companies are willing to shell out BILLIONS (so much for all that uncertainty...) for deals that will allow them to shed employees once they're consummated.

Remember, much of the earnings comeback has not been due to top-line growth, but by productivity gains. Now that that's over -- see the chart below -- it's time to get more aggressive about cutting costs.

 

180 comments

  • 2 users liked this comment Please sign in to rate this comment up. Please sign in to rate this comment down. 1 users disliked this comment
    DavidO Fri Sep 03, 2010 09:08 am EDT Report Abuse
    Robert Barro is another Ivory Tower Academic Idiot who is not in touch with reality
  • 4 users liked this comment Please sign in to rate this comment up. Please sign in to rate this comment down. 3 users disliked this comment
    Cable Cutter Wed Sep 01, 2010 12:40 pm EDT Report Abuse
    Who is this Robert Barro guy??!!!#*&^#% What a ridiculous comment! Jobs are provided by employers. If no one hires, there will be no jobs, and the people is unemployeed will remain unemployeed. I've been out of work for more than a year till this April. I was looking for work constantly, but no one offered during that period of time. All I can say that guy is just simple stupid!
  • 2 users liked this comment Please sign in to rate this comment up. Please sign in to rate this comment down. 7 users disliked this comment
    Hoody Wed Sep 01, 2010 05:16 am EDT Report Abuse
    Sister question :Does a tree make a sound when it falls in the forest and no one is around?
    Is it a big sound? or a little sound?
    If a person knows they have on ly 24 weks of unemployment benefits will they be more or less likely to seek employment?
    Now of course many, MANY of the New Messiah's people ask:
    JUS' WHAT IS DIS HERES UN EMPLYMENT BENNY FITS?
    We still tryin's to figure outs jus' whats is dis heres M PLOY MENT thing
  • A Yahoo! User
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    A Yahoo! User Tue Aug 31, 2010 10:25 pm EDT Report Abuse
    The unemployment rate doesn't include many unemployed people:
    1-Those entering the job market for the first time
    2-self employed
    3-part timers
    4-expired benefits
    Yes, the rate could be lower, but there should be more alot more bankrupcy, homeless, riots, .....
  • 2 users liked this comment Please sign in to rate this comment up. Please sign in to rate this comment down. 2 users disliked this comment
    Mel Tue Aug 31, 2010 09:53 pm EDT Report Abuse
    For someone who claims that Barros argument is "pretty thin" because he does not produce data to back up his point of view it is ironic that this author produces to evidence to back up his claim that companies "are using cash to fire employees". Pretty much his only evidence is that apparently some companies are buying other companies. He criticizes Barro for presuming "that the different lengths of being able to collect unemployment-insurance is the defining difference between now and then".
    But then he glibly goes on to presume that a acquiring company firing employees is the defining motivation of one company acquiring another. In other words, there is no conceivable reason why any of the companies he named acquiring their targets rather than firing their employees and there is no reason for that other than the availability of cash.
    He has not done even a cursory analysis to show that there is no other reason. For example, it is impossible that BHP is buying Potash to enter the food fertilizer space where it has no presence and is taking advantage of the current weakness of its competitors. And there is no question that HP/Dell might be looking to acquire 3Par to build a capability in virtualized storage management (which they now lack) to strengthen their position in the cloud computing space. Strangely enough it seems that all the rest of the press that I read seem to entirely see these acquisitions as strategic top line driven moves rather than as cost cutting bottom line driven ones. And if the motives were cost cutting based then then the folks at HP and Dell must obviously be terrible at math given the incredible multiples they are offering for 3Par. Presumably they must be planning to fire the entire company after they acquire it.

    I can't stand commentators who presume the stupidity of their audience when they pontificate.
  • A Yahoo! User
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    A Yahoo! User Tue Aug 31, 2010 09:33 pm EDT Report Abuse
    I have full sympathy for people who are genuinely seeking out work but not finding it. But …. Please read on. ====> The average unemployment benefits is about $20,000. So, CAN this cause people to not seek out work ? Who doesn’t like making money from the rocker in the porch or couch watching TV. Here is my opinion. ========= 1) Likelihood of UNSKILLED workers evading work is based on their wage range (i.e. wage that they can get today, not what they got in 2008 ). A) Wage < 20K = Likelihood of evading work 98%. == B) Wage 20K – 30K == Likelihood 70% == C) Wage > 30K – Likelihood 20%. ======== 2) Similarly, for SKILLED workers - though the likelihood will be half of UNSKILLED workers, because NOT working can make a SKILLED worker UNEMPLOYABLE later on. ====== So, without being cynical, it does have a basis.
  • A Yahoo! User
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    A Yahoo! User Tue Aug 31, 2010 03:37 pm EDT Report Abuse
    Perhaps we need to distinguish between the two groups. There are those folks who were professionals and are now financially devastated through long term unemployment and the low weekly amount. Then there is the group where unemployment is equivalent to what they just lost. Perhaps we need separate programs.
  • A Yahoo! User
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    A Yahoo! User Tue Aug 31, 2010 03:26 pm EDT Report Abuse
    The problem isn’t that unemployment spends a lot of money or demotivates unemployed folks, it is that it can disguise a lot of suffering. When the economy is doing so badly that we look to extend unemployment benefits, we should really be doing something more.

    I think the problem with unemployment insurance and COBRA insurance subsidies is its unevenness. Those entering the job market for the first time don’t get it. People who’ve lost businesses don’t get it. People who have been working a lot of low-paying jobs don’t get it. Unemployed who were self-employed do not qualify. Independent contractors and freelancers don't qualify.

    After 26 weeks the benefits are essentially paid with federal tax dollars for example the extended compensation written into the stimulus bill by Congress. The amount available should be the same for all to cover food and shelter yet low enough to motivate looking for better pay. Currently in Arizona the maximum amount is $240 a week whereas in Massachusetts it is $650 a week. After the first 26 weeks those amounts are paid using the same federal money.
  • 1 users liked this comment Please sign in to rate this comment up. Please sign in to rate this comment down. 0 users disliked this comment
    USINDEBTEDNESS Tue Aug 31, 2010 01:28 pm EDT Report Abuse
    I don't buy it that unemployment would necessarily reach 6.8% if unemployment benefits weren't extended. But Joe Weisenthal is making a stupid case by just using this one number to refute the argument. What's more important here is that extending unemployment benefits definitely makes unemployment numbers worse. Plenty have already admitted they will not accept a job that pays them less than what unemployment pays them. Still others may set the bar even higher. They may not accept a job outside of their field, or paying only 20% more than unemployment pays. There isn't any doubt that extending unemployment keeps unemployment high. A better solution is to cut extending benefits after two years.
  • 3 users liked this comment Please sign in to rate this comment up. Please sign in to rate this comment down. 0 users disliked this comment
    Anonymous Tue Aug 31, 2010 01:00 pm EDT Report Abuse
    German official unemployment rate stable at 7.6%

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