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Refi Madness: Use Fannie and Freddie to Solve the Housing Crisis, Hubbard Says

Posted Sep 28, 2010 01:00pm EDT by Dan Gross in Housing

Glenn Hubbard, Harvard-trained economist, former Bush administration official, dean of the Columbia Business School, is a mild-mannered, buttoned-down guy. But his proposal to bolster the housing market and provide some stimulus to America’s long-suffering homeowners is a bit radical. 

In a recent New York Times op-ed article, Hubbard and Columbia Business senior vice dean Chris Mayer urged a simple solution: Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac, the government-controlled housing giants, should just refinance homowners at today’s low interest rates.

Hubbard joined Aaron and me to discuss this proposal, as well as other prescriptions he lays out for reforming America’s housing finance system in his new book, Seeds of Destruction: Why the Path to Economic Ruin Runs Through Washington, and How to Reclaim American Prosperity, co-authored with Peter Navarro.

Hubbard noted that the government and the Federal Reserve have already made significant efforts to shore up housing. “The Fed’s purchase of mortgage-backed securities really helped the housing market a lot,” by helping to narrow the spread between Treasuries and mortgages, Hubbard said. But falling house prices have made it difficult for people with under water mortgages to take advantage of lower rates. “Even with low interest rates, it’s hard to see a lot of refinancings because loan to value ratios are high,” he says.

A Sensible, Low-Cost Solution

His suggestion is that Fannie and Freddie could simply refinance existing mortgages at lower rates, at no additional cost to taxpayers. With Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac under U.S. conservatorship, the taxpayers already guarantee most mortgages through them. Hubbard believes this refi boom would ultimately save taxpayers money, since borrowers would be more likely to stay current on new mortgages with lower interest rates.

“More to the point for stimulus, this would be the equivalent of a $50 billion to $60 billion per year long-term tax cut for middle-income families, with no cost to the Treasury,” he says. “It seems pretty sensible.”

A bonus: this plan wouldn’t require passing legislation through a gridlocked Congress.

Of course, there are obstacles. Even at today’s much lower volumes, the home-lending system is having difficulty processing mortgage documents efficiently. Many critics are calling for Fannie and Freddie to reduce their scope of activities, not to increase them. And then there’s the question of moral hazard: Wouldn’t this just be another example of taxpayers bailing out borrowers who made what turned out to be poor decisions?

Not so much, says Hubbard. Many of the borrowers who now have loan-to-value (LTV) ratios that preclude them from refinancing are in the situation not because they borrowed so much to buy a home, but because the property supporting the mortgage has declined in value by 30 percent. “The whole thrust is to keep people in their homes and provide a tax cut that they would have gotten if their LTVs weren’t so high,” said Hubbard.

More Housing Solutions

In Seeds of Destruction, Hubbard and co-author Peter Navarro offer some other provocative thoughts on how to reform housing finance and avoid another debacle. Among the suggestions:

  • Both homeowners and lenders should be required to have some “skin in the game” on mortgages.
  • Prohibitions or restrictions on funky lending practices such as interest-only and adjustable-rate products, especially if they’re going to be securitized.
  • Greater disclosure on the information that goes into creating credit ratings for mortgage-backed products.

Perhaps most controversially, Hubbard calls for a rethinking of the home mortgage deduction, which allows homeowners to deduct interest on loans up to $1 million from their taxable income. The home mortgage deduction is an inefficient and expensive means of subsidizing housing and benefits higher-income Americans disproportionately.

“I’m not saying repeal it this afternoon, but we should take a hard look at our subsidies for housing and ask if they really make sense,” he tells Aaron and me in the accompanying clip.

If there’s a need to subsidize homeownership for lower and middle-income Americans, policy should focus subsdies on those sectors, Hubbard says. “But the very expensive subsidy system we have now really helped get us in trouble.”

Earlier:

Glenn Hubbard: America Needs "Leaders Who Will Actually Tackle Our Real Problems"

U.S. Economy "Close to a Destructive Tipping Point," Glenn Hubbard Says

Daniel Gross is economics editor and columnist at Yahoo! Finance.

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113 comments

  • 0 users liked this comment Please sign in to rate this comment up. Please sign in to rate this comment down. 0 users disliked this comment
    DaveyJones Tue Nov 08, 2011 11:23 am EST Report Abuse
    We all know the money is tied up with the banks, if adjustments to mortgages are not made soon. foreclosures will triple and money and finances will be tied up for several years and the world will follow.... its just the way it is..
  • A Yahoo! User
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    A Yahoo! User Mon May 09, 2011 12:04 am EDT Report Abuse
    They have already been paid for due to TARP program implemented back when Reagen was president . The only person who will benefit from this again is WALL STREET AKA BIG GOV.
  • A Yahoo! User
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    A Yahoo! User Thu Oct 14, 2010 06:34 pm EDT Report Abuse
    Not a bad idea. However I wonder how we treat the loan being paid off with the new refi loan. I think the old loan holders (basically the security holders) should get say 80 cents on the dollar and not get a full payout. Paying 100% of the old loan balance is akin to the government bailout of AIG where Goldman and others benefited from getting full value of their credit default swaps backed by AIG.

    Furthermore, I think the new loans should have a rider attached that allows the government to share in the profit on a future sale of the property. In the end, the program may even by a windfall for Uncle Sam.
  • 0 users liked this comment Please sign in to rate this comment up. Please sign in to rate this comment down. 1 users disliked this comment
    Pazhavila Thambi Thu Oct 14, 2010 06:06 pm EDT Report Abuse
    The present sytem of home ownership is really a mirage. It is only the bank and the peolple who owns the bank really the owners and really the landlords. You pay your mortgages by working day and night and finally end up holding valueless piece of abode at the end of the final payment. At the evening of your life they come again with the draconic program of reverse mortgage to snatch your home . You own a home only when you can pass it on to next generation. Compared to many other nations the per capita land in this country is huge and beyond imagination. So think you fellow midlle class guys
  • 1 users liked this comment Please sign in to rate this comment up. Please sign in to rate this comment down. 0 users disliked this comment
    Joe Thu Oct 14, 2010 01:23 pm EDT Report Abuse
    I had figured this out long ago. Some people cannot determine who holds their mortgage, because it was bundled and sold off by financial business folk who were betting against them in the "free market." How do you adjust such mortgages? Why not allow this to happen? It should have been what was done from the start in dealing with this mess.

    More importantly, why is it that the Fed. Reserve can only tamper with overnight lending to adjust interest rates? Why not adjust the prime rate, Glenn Hubbard?
  • 2 users liked this comment Please sign in to rate this comment up. Please sign in to rate this comment down. 1 users disliked this comment
    DerWood Thu Oct 14, 2010 01:22 pm EDT Report Abuse
    A GREAT SOLUTION, RIGHT ON!!...I've said it for months and it has taken this long to surface. So many can't refinance because of the LTV, NOT because of getting in over their heads but because appraisers are basing property values on foreclosure sales which are not fair market values!!! GET IT? As long as they do this we will spiral down. Appraised Values are sometimes so far out of line that they are lower than the land lot values. PLUS $50-$60 Billion cash into the economy! It should be for all property owners and not just Owner Occupied as well. It should be done NOW! NOW! It is a no brainer.
  • A Yahoo! User
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    A Yahoo! User Thu Oct 14, 2010 01:18 pm EDT Report Abuse
    The ONLY thing I agree with him about is eliminating the mortgage interest deduction. It's time to stop pretending that owning a house is some kind of patriotic exercise. If it's such a good thing, people will do it without expensive government rewards. It's time to get the real estate industry OFF the government teat.
  • 1 users liked this comment Please sign in to rate this comment up. Please sign in to rate this comment down. 2 users disliked this comment
    DUMBING DOWN OF AMERICA Thu Oct 14, 2010 01:03 pm EDT Report Abuse
    Nowhere does anyone consider the fact that the people who are in their houses still won't be able to make their payments, or, worse yet, just refuse to make their payments and use their mortgage payment money for paying other bills, etc.

    Then what? Another round of foreclosures?

    Get real, folks. Let everything go its natural course; the sooner the better. It takes a wash out. Get government to take a hike and get rid of the biggest problem of all in 2010 and 2012: Obama and the dems.

    PS: Put Barney Frank, Chris Dodd, Raines, Gorelick, Emanuel, Rubins, Paulson, Greenspan, Bernanke and little Timmy Geithner all in the same jail cell so they can play Monopoly with real fake money which is what they know best.
  • A Yahoo! User
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    A Yahoo! User Thu Oct 14, 2010 11:22 am EDT Report Abuse
    It will not impact the foreclosures, only a small percentage. The reason is a large portion of ones in foreclosure have been a financial disaster to begin with and even with the modification, will not manage their debt sufficiently to pay the mortgage on time. This is the reason the modifications ended up in foreclosure. Alot of these loans were a "stated income" and adjustables that would have never been approved without this lie of income. I know because I reviewed these modifications and foreclosures and the "fraud" was an everyday occurance.
  • A Yahoo! User
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    A Yahoo! User Thu Oct 14, 2010 11:16 am EDT Report Abuse
    I agree that you cannot refinance the ones "under water" to a better rate and term and not those who have paid on a timely basis! You cannot reward those who cannot pay and not reward those who can. If there is a solution, all must benefit!

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