Herman Miller Inc (MLHR) Q4 2019 Earnings Call Transcript
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Herman Miller Inc (NASDAQ: MLHR)
Q4 2019 Earnings Call
Jun 27, 2019, 8:30 a.m. ET
Contents:
Prepared Remarks
Questions and Answers
Call Participants
Prepared Remarks:
Operator
Good morning, and welcome to Herman Miller's Fourth Quarter Earnings Conference Call. As a reminder, this call is being recorded.
I would now like to introduce your host for today's conference Kevin Veltman, Vice President of Investor Relations and Treasurer.
Kevin Veltman -- Vice President, Investor Relations & Treasurer
Good morning, everyone. Joining me today on our fourth quarter earnings call are Andi Owen, our President and Chief Executive Officer; Jeff Stutz, our Chief Financial Officer; and Greg Bylsma, our President of North America Contract.
We have posted yesterday's press release on our Investor Relations website at hermanmiller.com. Some of the figures that we'll cover today are presented on a non-GAAP basis. We've reconciled the comparable GAAP to non-GAAP amounts in a supplemental file that can also be accessed on the website.
Before we begin our prepared remarks, I will remind everyone that this call will include forward-looking statements. For information on factors that could cause actual results to differ materially from these forward-looking statements, please refer to the earnings press release we issued last night as well as our annual and quarterly SEC filings.
At the conclusion of our prepared remarks, we will have a Q&A session. Today's call is schedule 60 minutes and we ask that callers limit their questions to no more than three to allow time for all to participate.
With that, I'll now turn the call over to Andi.
Andrea Owen -- President and Chief Executive Officer
Good morning, and thank you for joining us today. I'll begin our call by covering highlights of our results for the fourth quarter and the full year, followed by some perspective on the current macroeconomic picture. I'll close with a recap of our refreshed strategic priority they were rolled at our Investor Day on May 9th. Then I'll turn the call over to Greg Bylsma, who is joining us today to share some of the initiatives in place for our North American business that support our strategy. Jeff and Kevin will close by providing more information on our financial results.
We built on the momentum this year by finishing the fiscal year on a strong note with a record level of quarterly sales for Herman Miller. When compared to last year, the quarter reflected organic sales growth of 8% and organic order growth of 6%. Encouragingly, we delivered sales and order growth across each of our business units.
We leverage this growth to the bottom line as well as with adjusting operating margins that were 140 basis points higher than the same quarter last year. We reported earnings per share on a GAAP basis of $0.78 during the quarter. On an adjusted basis, earnings per share of $0.88, reflecting an increase of 33% over the same quarter last year. For the full fiscal year, net sales totaled $2.57 billion, an organic increase of 8% over last year and also a record sales level.
Full year operating margins of 8.8% reflected at expansion of 50 basis points over the prior year, despite the challenge of inflationary pressures on key commodities and the impact of trade tariffs throughout most of the year. We delivered reported EPS of $2.70 for the year and adjusted earnings per share of $2.97, which were 29% higher than last year. Behind the strength of our current financial position, yesterday, we announced a 6% increase in our quarterly shareholder dividend, reflecting the confidence of our management team and our Board of Directors in our strategy going forward.
While the broader geopolitical environment continues to be mixed with uncertainty surrounding Brexit and global trade relationships, underlying market fundamentals in our space remain relatively supportive. Contract industry order growth in North America as measured by BIFMA remains robust. Service sector employment continues to rise and architectural billing levels have been positive for 11 of the past 12 months.
The retail furniture sector as reported by the US Census Bureau has experienced lower demand year-to-date, as retail sales are down 1% compared to last year through April. We believe stock market volatility, weather and trade tensions have all impacted retail furnishing conditions. While US tariffs on certain goods imported from China increased to 25% during the quarter, trade negotiations continue between the US and China and the final story is not yet written.
That said, between a range of short and long term actions including the benefits we project from our profit improvement initiatives, we continue to expect to fully offset the impact of tariffs on our business. As many of you know, we hosted Investors in our New York showroom on May 9 to provide an updated view of our strategic priorities going forward. While the full webcast replay and presentation materials are available on our Investor site, I'd like to share an overview of our strategic priorities going forward on the call today.
First, I'd like to give some context to the trends which has helped shape our priorities. We all know the world is changing and digital disruption is at the center of many of those changes. We're also seeing the rise of data driven direct to consumer business models, a growing middle class and more knowledge workers support at favorable global picture. And we see retail growth opportunities in our space as well. In the North American contract market, there are opportunities to capture more share of our dealers business. It's also apparent that people are changing where and how they work. Offices are looking more residential, building demand for ancillary products. And lastly, we believe viewing the impact of an organization through the lens of total societal impact it's a business imperative, giving consideration to value created for shareholders as well as the broader communities and environment in which we operate.
With those trends in context, we focus on building a set of strategic priorities that create a sustainable and diverse revenue model, putting the customer at the center of everything we do and helping drive operating margin expansion. First, we have an amazing portfolio of brands, businesses and capabilities, but at times, operate too independently of each -- of each other, which makes us not as easy to do business with, as it should be. Going forward, we're going to be very intentional about unlocking the power of One Herman Miller. This includes the recent combination of our legacy North American Specialty segment under Greg Bylsma leadership, which she will share more about in a moment.
Second, our customer oriented and digitally enabled business model will be an important driver for reaching our aspirations in both the contract and retail spaces. We're taking the next steps in enhancing our goal for frictionless customer experiences. Since the start of the year, we've already created over 1,700 projects in our new proprietary visualization tool for our North America Contract businesses and are expanding the tools in international markets in the coming months. We're also taking the next steps to enhance our retail e-commerce experience, including improved functionality, new visualization and configuration capabilities and gearing up to expand our e-commerce presence across brands and geographies. These two foundational priorities set the stage for our third priority, accelerating profitable growth.
We see clear opportunities for growth ahead in all of our business segments. In fact, we believe, we're the only player in our space with access to meaningful contracts and retail growth opportunities on a global scale. Our international business set the pace for us this fiscal year with 13% sales growth, leveraging a powerful combination of broad and expanding dealer distribution, new products tuned to the needs of the markets and a talented sales organization. Similarly, the retail business contributing meaningful organic sales growth of 10.5% this fiscal year. This growth was driven by eight new Design Within Reach studio openings, Design Within Reach contracts growth, retail e-commerce growth and the launch of the HAY brand in North America.
In the fourth quarter, we also executed a number of important initiatives aimed at positioning us for profitable growth going forward. We opened three new Design Within Reach studios during the quarter, terminated the lease of one underperforming studio location and are in the process of moving to a larger state-of-the-art distribution center in Ohio. This distribution center will provide enhanced technology benefits including auto positioning and sliding optimization capabilities that will allow us to better serve our customers.
Finally, on the heels of our 12th consecutive year of inclusion on the Human Rights Campaign Corporate Equality Index, we believe now is the right time to reinforce our commitment to our people, our planet and our communities in a more integrated and deliberate way than ever before. Beyond simply being the right thing to do, we are confident, that elevating our focus on positive, social and environmental business practices will positively impact our customers and enhance returns for our shareholders over the long term.
Before I turn it over to Greg, I want to thank all of our employees for their tremendous effort this year in delivering these results. My team and I are excited to build on this momentum, as we execute on our strategic direction. Now Greg is going to share what he and his team are focused on for our North America business.
Gregory Bylsma -- President, North America Contract
Thanks, Andi. I appreciate the opportunity to provide some additional background and initiatives within the North American Contract business that supports our growth agenda. First, we are combining our legacy North America and Specialty businesses together as part of our One Herman Miller priority. The benefit of this move result in better alignment of our sales teams. By ensuring this go-to-market alignment, our sales force will more effectively present products across all of our brands, ultimately helping our customers build high performing work spaces.
The power of this combination was demonstrated earlier this month, when we were recognized as the Best Large Showroom at the NeoCon Industry Trade Show in Chicago. Our goal for the showroom was to highlight the depth of our brands and their ability to work seamlessly under the theme of all together now. It is important to note the digital tools that Andi referred to earlier are a critical component to this process, allowing our dealer designers to more easily help customers visualize, specify, and order products from our entire group of brands.
Another important opportunity as we accelerate growth is the launch of the HAY brand in North America. We continue to localize key products within our North American manufacturing footprint to drive improved lead times for delivering these well crafted and beautifully designed products to our contract customers. As a great tribute to the design leadership that Rolf and Mette Hay bring to the Herman Miller family of brands, we are proud that they were named to the fast companies, 100 Most Creative People list for 2019.
Finally, our North American profit improvement initiative is playing a key role in our margin expansion. We continue to expect $30 million to $40 million of annual run rate savings from this initiative as we work through our implementation plans over the upcoming fiscal year. Highlighting our progress here, we generated run rate savings of $24 million in the fourth quarter, which were an important contributor to the 54% growth in adjusted operating income that the North American contract business delivered in Q4.
In closing, I'm especially grateful for the energy our North America team is bringing behind each of these initiatives, as we focus our continued growth in our core contract business.
And with that, I'll turn the call over to Jeff to provide more perspective on the financial results for the quarter.
Jeffrey Stutz -- Executive Vice President and Chief Financial Officer
Thanks, Greg, and good morning, everyone. Consolidated net sales in the fourth quarter of $671 million were 9% above the same quarter last year on a GAAP basis and up 8% organically after adjusting for the impact of year-over-year changes in foreign currency rates and the adoption of new revenue recognition rules earlier this fiscal year. New orders in a period of $665 million were 7% above last year on a reported basis and up 6% organically.
Before I begin reviewing our results by segment, I want to cover the changes that Andi and Greg referred to earlier, in the way we report our results across each of our business segments in more detail. Effective in the fourth quarter, we combined our legacy North America and Specialty segments into the North America Contract segment under Greg's leadership. As Greg said, this change was made in support of our One Herman Miller strategy to better leverage the power of all of our brands across the combined selling effort. Also, while our other two segments will continue to be reported on the same basis, we have renamed each of them. Our ELA segment will be referred to going forward as our International Contracts segment and our Consumer segment has been renamed as our Retail segment.
On June 19th, we filed an 8-K that included a recast of our segment results under these new definitions on a quarterly basis over the past two fiscal years. So with that as background, let me turn to the fourth quarter results by business segment.
Within our North America Contract segment, sales were $434 million in the fourth quarter, representing an increase of 11% from last year on a reported basis and up 9% compared to last year organically. New orders were $441 million in the quarter, up 8% on a reported basis and 7% organically over last year. The order growth in North America this quarter was generally broad-based and was driven mainly by large and medium sized projects.
From a regional perspective, we saw year-over-year increases in both the eastern and western areas of the US. Our International Contract segment reported sales of $132 million in the fourth quarter, an increase of 6% compared to last year. New orders totaled $112 million, representing growth of approximately 1% over the same quarter last year on a reported basis and 2% organically. The continued growth for the international business is notable as they face difficult sales and order growth comparisons for the quarter as the business generated growth in excess of 20% last year on both of these measures. The year-over-year order performance reflected growth in India, Japan and China offset by relatively softer demand levels in Australia, Mexico, in the Middle East.
Our Retail Business segment reported sales in the quarter of $105 million, an increase of 5% from the same quarter last year. New orders in the quarter of $112 million were 10% ahead of last year's level and sales growth for this segment during the quarter was primarily driven by growth from the HAY brand, contract, new studios and outlet stores. Our retail team pursued several important initiatives this quarter, all aimed at sustaining top line growth and improving bottom line profitability going forward. These include several actions related to DWR studio channel, including opening two new DWR studios in California, in Larkspur and La Jolla and a new location in New York's upper west side. We also initiated a planned exit of an underperforming studio location on Long Island, New York late in the quarter.
As Andi noted, the team is also making good progress transitioning from an existing distribution center in Kentucky to a larger facility in Ohio. Each of these actions are strategically important to the business and will contribute to improved growth and efficiency over the long run. With that said, together they drove incremental expenses in the quarter totaling approximately $4.5 million. From a currency translation perspective, the general strengthening of the US dollar relative to euro bill levels was a headwind to sales growth for the quarter.
We estimate the impact of translation from year-over-year changes in currency rates had an unfavorable impact on consolidated net sales of approximately $5 million in the period. Consolidated gross margin in the fourth quarter was 37%. Excluding approximately 60 basis points of impact from adopting new revenue recognition rules at the start of the current fiscal year that we had discussed in prior quarters, gross margin was 70 basis points above the same quarter a year ago. The gross margin expansion was primarily driven by manufacturing production leverage on higher shipment volumes and benefits from our profit improvement initiatives, offset by gross margin pressures in our retail business from reduced freight revenue, transition costs related to the distribution center rule and higher year-over-year impact from tariffs. Operating expenses in the quarter of $183 million compared $184 million are in the same quarter a year ago. The current quarter includes $1.7 million of special charges associated primarily with actions aimed at business structure realignment.
By comparison, we recorded special charges totaling $7.9 million in the fourth quarter of last year. Exclusive of these charges, the year-over-year increase in operating expenses of $5.5 million resulted mainly from higher variable selling expenses and costs in our retail business related to occupancy, marketing and staffing for new retail studios and the launch of the HAY brand in North America. Restructuring expenses recorded in the fourth quarter of $8.5 million related primarily to actions associated with our profit improvement initiative in North America, including an early retirement program initiated in the fourth quarter.
Our profit improvement initiatives are progressing on schedule and we expect continued benefits to ramp through fiscal 2020. On a GAAP basis, we reported operating earnings of $57 million for the quarter compared to operating earnings of $41 million in year ago period. Excluding restructuring and special charges, adjusted operating earning this quarter were $67 million on 9.9% of sales. By comparison, we reported adjusted earnings of $52 million or 8.5% of sales in the fourth quarter of last year. The combination of revenue growth, gross margin improvement and well managed operating expenses contributed to operating margin expansion over last year. The effective tax rate in the quarter was 22%. And finally, net earnings in the fourth quarter totaled $46 million or $0.78 per share on a diluted basis compared to $32 million or $0.53 per share in the same quarter last year. Other income and expense for the quarter includes a pre-tax gain totaling $2 million related to the fair value adjustment of an investment in a technology partner.
Excluding this gain as well as the impact of restructuring and other special charges, adjusted diluted earnings per share this quarter totaled $0.88 compared to adjusted earnings of $0.66 per share in the fourth quarter of last year.
With that, I'm now going to turn the call over to Kevin to give us an update on our cash flow and balance sheet.
Kevin Veltman -- Vice President, Investor Relations & Treasurer
Thanks, Jeff. We ended the quarter with total cash and cash equivalents of $159 million, an increase of $46 million from the level on hand last quarter. Cash flows from operations in the fourth quarter were $86 million reflecting an increase of 54% over the $56 million generated in the same quarter of last year. The key contributors to higher operating cash flows were increased net income and higher inflows from working capital, primarily driven by higher accrued liabilities and lower inventory levels.
For the full fiscal year, cash flows from operations of $260 million reflected an increase of $50 million from the prior fiscal year. Capital expenditures were $23 million in the quarter and $86 million year-to-date. Cash dividends paid in the quarter were $12 million and $46 million for the full year. The 6% dividend increase that we announced yesterday increases our expected annual payout level to approximately $49 million.
We also returned cash to shareholders through share repurchases of $4 million during the quarter and $48 million for the full year. We remain in compliance with all that covenants and as of quarter end, our gross debt to EBITDA ratio was approximately 1:1. The available capacity on our bank credit facility sit at $165 million at the end of the quarter, given our current cash balances, ongoing cash flow from operations and total borrowing capacity, we remain well positioned to meet the financing needs of the business moving forward.
With that, I'll now turn the call back over to Jeff to cover our sales and earnings guidance for the first quarter of fiscal 2020.
Jeffrey Stutz -- Executive Vice President and Chief Financial Officer
Okay. Thank you, Kevin. With respect to the forecast, we anticipate sales in the first quarter of fiscal 2020 to range between $650 million and $670 million. The midpoint of this range implies an organic revenue increase of 6% compared to the same quarter last year. We expect consolidated gross margin in the first quarter to range between 36.6% and 37.6%. This midpoint gross margin forecast is 110 basis points higher than the first quarter of fiscal 2019, reflecting improved production leverage, lower steel prices and net benefits from our ongoing profit improvement initiatives.
Operating expenses in the first quarter are expected to range between $182 million and $186 million. And we anticipate earnings per share to be between $0.77 and $0.81 for the period and our assumed effective tax rate is between 21% and 23%.
With that summary, I'll now turn the call over to the operator, and we'll take your questions.
Questions and Answers:
Operator
Thank you. (Operator Instructions) And our first question comes from Greg Burns with Sidoti & Company. Your line is open.
Gregory Burns -- Sidoti & Company, LLC -- Analyst
Good morning. Can you just talk about some of the sales trends you're seeing on the retail side? I saw that your same-store sales were down a little bit this quarter? And then also in terms of the underperforming location that you're closing, when you look at your studio footprint, how many other studios would you categorize as maybe underperforming and potential candidates for closing? Thanks.
Andrea Owen -- President and Chief Executive Officer
Hey, Greg. How are you doing?
Gregory Burns -- Sidoti & Company, LLC -- Analyst
Good.
Andrea Owen -- President and Chief Executive Officer
So as far as retail trends, I think we saw in the quarter as many of our other retail competitors did a little bit of a slowdown in retail trends. The good news is we're starting to see that pick back up again. I think if you look at the DWR business specifically with the stock market volatility that businesses is definitely very susceptible to that. And we certainly saw a lot of that in the last quarter with our uncertainty and some of the announcements around that. When it comes to the studio closure in Manhasset, I'm a big believer in recognizing when you've made a mistake and rectifying it quickly. We found the studio to be unproductive pretty much from the get go, and I'm happy that we've taken action there. And I'm also happy to say that, it's really the only studio that we have it's been over -- opened over a year that is unproductive. So we don't see any other closures happening, but we did feel it was important to act quickly in that instance. Jeff, would you like anything to add?
Jeffrey Stutz -- Executive Vice President and Chief Financial Officer
No, I think, I would agree with all that.
Gregory Burns -- Sidoti & Company, LLC -- Analyst
Okay. And then obviously, you had a number of items this quarter aimed at longer term profitability, but what's your view on returning that business to positive operating profit? And your longer term view on the margin potential of that business?
Andrea Owen -- President and Chief Executive Officer
I think in the long term and I think in the relatively short term that business has strong potential. We all feel that we can get some mid to high single digits relatively quickly in the next year or two. Having said that, we're in built mode and we're launching a new brand HAY. We are looking at changing our warehouse and distribution facilities to enable us to grow faster. So right now we've made some investments. So I think we remain bullish on this. We remain bullish on HAY. We think we have a $75 million to $100 million opportunity in that business as we continue to launch. So we feel strongly that this is the right way to go.
Gregory Burns -- Sidoti & Company, LLC -- Analyst
Okay. Thank you.
Andrea Owen -- President and Chief Executive Officer
You're welcome.
Operator
Thank you. And our next question comes from Steven Ramsay with Thompson Research Group. Your line is open.
Steven Ramsey -- Thompson Research Group -- Analyst
Hi. Good morning.
Jeffrey Stutz -- Executive Vice President and Chief Financial Officer
Hey, Steven.
Andrea Owen -- President and Chief Executive Officer
Hi, Steven.
Steven Ramsey -- Thompson Research Group -- Analyst
Hi. Just wanted to follow up again on retail. I guess -- surprised with three stores opening, we did not see sales growth, but the closing of the store I guess was that a material contributor to sales decline. Clearly you guys had a tough comp, but kind of -- even a breakdown to on the segments within retail contract, consumer and e-commerce?
Jeffrey Stutz -- Executive Vice President and Chief Financial Officer
Steven, this is Jeff. So I guess to directly answer your first question, the store on Long Island that we closed, I would not characterize that as a material item in terms of moving the needle to year-over-year sales or order activity in the overall retail business. So what I might add is, in total for the retail business, while revenue growth rates were a bit more anemic than we would have liked, the order growth for that -- for the business was closer to 10% year-over-year. So we were pretty happy with that in total. In our business, at least those of us who have been on the contract side of the business for a long time, that tends to be the more forward-looking metric for us anyway. And I think we still view our retail business in the same vein. And then as it relates to -- what -- remind me of the second part of your question, Steven.
Steven Ramsey -- Thompson Research Group -- Analyst
Yeah, just a little more detail the different channels of the retail segment of contract side the consumer side e-commerce. Was there any trends that that merged with strong growth or slower growth by channel.
Jeffrey Stutz -- Executive Vice President and Chief Financial Officer
Yeah. I would say that -- where we saw the most strength continued to be in this quarter, as it has been for several quarters, on the growth of our Contract business within the retail segment. So that is where we've continued to see very consistently strong growth, strong double-digit growth. As it relates to studios that have been in place on a comp basis, that was down in terms of revenue year-over-year. That was probably the weakest part of the overall segment performance. But as I mentioned, our overall order rates were much more encouraging.
Steven Ramsey -- Thompson Research Group -- Analyst
Great. And then switching to North America, clearly, good margin improvement there. And I guess what's surprising given the inclusion of the lower margin specialty business, maybe just help us understand the drivers there in the quarter. And then on the restructuring charges there, how much of that was legacy North America or specialty? Or is that -- are those -- is that spending in order to merge the segments and operations together?
Andrea Owen -- President and Chief Executive Officer
Steven, I'm going to turn the first part of that over to our special guest, Greg Bylsma.
Gregory Bylsma -- President, North America Contract
So when you look at the pieces of the specialty business, the -- especially the Geiger piece of that had a very strong performance and we've seen continued margin improvement really over the last four or five quarters and the team down there has done a really nice job of building that. So I wouldn't suggest that what was -- in that Specialty segment what was hidden because they had margins that were very solid, as a matter fact, I think even low double digits. So the overall trends in margin, I think is the word that we've really done in project Optimis, what we call project Optimis, our profit improvement initiatives. And it just continues to increment into the numbers since the start -- really start, at the beginning, late first quarter of last year and then it's just continuing to build. And I think what you see in that quarter is an almost -- not quite the culmination, but a strong momentum of that work, which showed up in the quarter. And then I think, like I said on the -- in the prepared remarks, to pacing on an annual basis of just over $24 million.
Jeffrey Stutz -- Executive Vice President and Chief Financial Officer
Yeah. Steven, this is Jeff. I was just going to add onto that. You had asked the question -- kind of the primary drivers in the North American Contract business and Greg touched on some of the important ones. But I just want to remind you, we've taken some pretty aggressive actions around -- in our overall profit improvement work that he described, but also we've taken some pricing actions earlier in the year. And volume levels have been quite strong across the North American Contract segment, including the legacy definition of that segment and that helped tremendously in the quarter. I'd also maybe point out that the -- that's about the restructuring costs. Most of those actions are related to the legacy North American Contract business. But important to the point out that while we implemented those actions in Q4, we haven't yet recognized any of the benefits from it. That will be layering in going forward.
Steven Ramsey -- Thompson Research Group -- Analyst
Excellent. Thank you.
Jeffrey Stutz -- Executive Vice President and Chief Financial Officer
Yeah.
Operator
Thank you. And our next question comes from Budd Bugatch with Raymond James. Your line is open.
Andrea Owen -- President and Chief Executive Officer
Hi, Budd.
Jeffrey Stutz -- Executive Vice President and Chief Financial Officer
Hey, Budd, you might be muted.
Andrea Owen -- President and Chief Executive Officer
Budd, you might be muted. Are you there?
Operator
Okay. We'll go ahead and go with Matt McCall with Seaport Global.
Matthew McCall -- Seaport Global Securities LLC -- Analyst
Hello, thanks. Good morning, everybody.
Jeffrey Stutz -- Executive Vice President and Chief Financial Officer
Hey, Matt.
Andrea Owen -- President and Chief Executive Officer
Hey, Matt.
Matthew McCall -- Seaport Global Securities LLC -- Analyst
So maybe just start with the 6% growth I think you said at the midpoint in the guidance. And you just kind of referenced strength in legacy North America. I'm just curious about the outlook in the guidance kind of a segment basis or a sub-segment segment basis, whatever detail you feel like you should provide? And then maybe take it a step further and give me your thoughts around kind of the North American Contract macro outlook of kind of intermediate term?
Jeffrey Stutz -- Executive Vice President and Chief Financial Officer
So I mean, I'm going to be a little careful giving you a ton of color on segment-by-segment. I mean our guide is a consolidated view obviously. What I can tell you, Matt is -- let me give you one point of clarity. If you look at our overall backlog to end the year, this is actually a similar conversation that we had with you all at the end of Q3. We had a very strong backlog. I think it's up. If you adjust for revenue recognition impact year-over-year, it's about 10% growth. I think the reported numbers have been higher than that, but there's that rev rec implication for itself. On an adjusted basis, that 10% would normally imply a slightly higher revenue guide than what we're talking about at the 6% level. What I can tell you is very similar to last quarter, we do have some longer dated project in the backlog, particularly in the international business that are pushing out into the -- are beyond the first quarter. And to kind of frame that for you, it's probably in the order of magnitude of $15 million in the backlog. In terms of the overall revenue growth by segment, I would say that there's -- in our expectation, no real outlier growth levels in the NAC or international expectations relative to kind of current -- where we've been running. They're kind of in -- on the order of magnitude of what the growth rates have been and I'll kind of leave it at that.
Andrea Owen -- President and Chief Executive Officer
Yeah. And Matt, as far as the macro trends, we mentioned in our prepared remarks, many things are pointing to nice business ahead for us. I would also say that going out and talking to most of our customers, the word for talent is working to our advantage. We have more people leaving the workforce than we have entering the workforce. With unemployment levels really low, that really helps us. And also when you look at most office buildings or workplaces, people really are looking to upgrade and attract new generations of talents. So that's helpful to us from a macro standpoint. I don't know. Greg, would you add anything to that?
Gregory Bylsma -- President, North America Contract
No. I think the -- I mean -- yeah, I think the -- you look at the relative near-term activity levels and funnel, they all are simply merged along in accordance with the bigger macro picture and the bigger macro items that Jeff and Andi referred to.
Matthew McCall -- Seaport Global Securities LLC -- Analyst
Okay. All right. That's helpful. And maybe I guess switching gears, similar question on the margin front of me. The North American Contract jumped out. So maybe Greg, since you're there, good to hear your voice. But what's the ultimate goal there? Remind us of the target. I know you talked about the expectations around retail in the -- I think for the next year or two getting to mid to high single digits. But I guess North American Contract specifically, what's the expectation? Are we in this 13.5% for a while? Or is that kind of the new starting point?
Gregory Bylsma -- President, North America Contract
I mean anytime you get a good number. Your boss looks at you and tells you that the starting format.
Matthew McCall -- Seaport Global Securities LLC -- Analyst
Okay.
Gregory Bylsma -- President, North America Contract
I think, I would love to have the trade conversation at least settled down to a spot of we know what the future looks like. That would be super helpful. Given all that's going on, we've done things to try to make that picture as good as we can under the current environment. We are getting some good news starting to build on where the steel prices have gone. So yeah, I look forward to what we just did in the fourth quarter, as there's always headwinds you can talk about, but there's actually some tailwinds, too.
Matthew McCall -- Seaport Global Securities LLC -- Analyst
So maybe that leads to my third question. I was just going to ask Jeff the -- Jeff, you mentioned steel prices and lower steel prices, the benefit there. Can you talk about price and price cost and the -- how that's going to layer in the remainder of this calendar year?
Jeffrey Stutz -- Executive Vice President and Chief Financial Officer
Yeah, Matt. I'm going to talk -- I'll reserve my comments to the Q1 guide only because I don't have a clue what the back half of the year is going to look like. But in the near term -- let me first start with the fourth quarter just to kind of leverage that. And I think some of these was covered in the prepared remarks. But between the impact of tariffs and commodity, that -- those combined were a net negative of between $2 million and $3 million. We figure we had net pricing benefit offset a portion, but not all of that. So for the fourth quarter, the cost price equation was a negative year-on-year of about somewhere between $1 million to $1.5 million. Fast forward to the Q1 guide and what's implied in the guidance, the commodity picture, as Greg just described, is getting better. We expect, in total commodities and this is mainly driven by steel is something on the order of $2.5 million favorable year-on-year. The tariff impact obviously gets worse as we move from a 10% level to the 25% level. And we don't know where that whole story is going to end, but right now I would could call that at about $5.5 million negative year-on-year. In the first quarter, that was implied. And then the pricing picture, we expect continued ramp of the price that we implemented -- the price increase we implemented back in January. Expectations would be that would be net out somewhere around $5 million. So if you do the math on all of that, it's favorable year-on-year implied in the guidance of around $2 million to $2.5 million. And where it goes from there, I guess I'm going to -- I won't make any guesses, but it's an improving picture as we move into Q1.
Matthew McCall -- Seaport Global Securities LLC -- Analyst
So I understand not wanting to make any guesses, but if we just hold things steady, are those the right trends to think about at least for the next couple or few quarters if we hold...
Jeffrey Stutz -- Executive Vice President and Chief Financial Officer
Well, yeah. I would say if you allow me to hold serve on pricing, that's probably the biggest one. I would tell you that the commodity picture, that one likely gets better unless there's any shock to the system. If you recall, Matt, as we move into the back part of Q1 last year, steel prices I think got above $1,000 a ton. And because of our lag and how those prices affect our cost of goods sold, that would have impacted us largely in the second quarter. So we should have a very favorable comp to the Q2 margin -- on Q2 margins just because of commodities. Tariffs are an offset to that and pricing would be the big wildcard. But our expectation would be we should be able to hold on to some of that still. It's largely because of the tariff situation.
Matthew McCall -- Seaport Global Securities LLC -- Analyst
Okay. All right. Thank you. Nice quarter.
Andrea Owen -- President and Chief Executive Officer
Thank you.
Jeffrey Stutz -- Executive Vice President and Chief Financial Officer
Thanks, Matt.
Operator
Thank you. And our next question comes from Budd Bugatch with Raymond James. Your line is open.
Budd Bugatch -- Raymond James -- Analyst
Let's try this again. Can you hear me?
Andrea Owen -- President and Chief Executive Officer
There you are Budd. Hi, Budd.
Budd Bugatch -- Raymond James -- Analyst
We had been relegated to the electronic -- twice on this call. Could we have to get back in as well. So I apologize.I'm not going to ask some of the questions that I have. I'll wait till we're offline because I suspect they've been asked already. But let's -- if you would, just characterize the promotional or the competitive market and maybe characterize your contract revenues North America and international by project versus continuing business, if you would?
Jeffrey Stutz -- Executive Vice President and Chief Financial Officer
So Budd, when you were in the first question on competitive nature, you're talking about the contract side?
Budd Bugatch -- Raymond James -- Analyst
Yes, sir. Of course.
Jeffrey Stutz -- Executive Vice President and Chief Financial Officer
Yeah, OK. I figured. I thought -- I don't think that's changed that much. I think we've got good competition and market by market, it depends on the distribution in place about who you face every day. But I think we obviously are concerned about our competition, but we got our things to do. And we're marching forward with our strategy and trying to get our go-to-market team aligned, just like we talked about at our Investor Day back in May and the digital tools that our dealers need to compete. And we think that with the current structure and alignment and to be more leveraged, we think we've got upside with all that and a ton of costs as we move forward. So competition is good, but we like what we're doing. And based on the data that we can see, I'll say we're making progress.
Budd Bugatch -- Raymond James -- Analyst
Well, Greg, when you were shooting in Jeff's seat several years ago, you used to report kind of the impact of discounting year-over-year and you gave us kind of some numbers to go on that. Is that up year-over-year, down year-over-year? What does it look like today?
Jeffrey Stutz -- Executive Vice President and Chief Financial Officer
Hey, Budd, this Jeff. I'm going to take this one. I don't know if Greg has the data in front of him. So we netted out positive pricing -- price increase impact from January net of discounting. It was a good guide for us year-on-year in the fourth quarter.
Budd Bugatch -- Raymond James -- Analyst
Okay. And do you think that continues? If that persists, how does that look as you go forward?
Jeffrey Stutz -- Executive Vice President and Chief Financial Officer
I think the thing that -- to go forward, we don't have a lot of product as a percentage of total that we buy from -- that is impacted by tariff. It's not a small number, but I don't think that across the competitive landscape, we -- I think we're in a better -- we might not be in the best spot, but we're in a better spot than most. The anecdotal evidence I hear about pricing actions are in excess of ours. And given that, I think we can continue to hold where we're at with discounted price level.
Budd Bugatch -- Raymond James -- Analyst
Okay. And internationally, are there any changes? Brexit still a question mark, correct? We don't quite know how that's going to play out over the long term?
Jeffrey Stutz -- Executive Vice President and Chief Financial Officer
Yeah, you're right. We don't know where Brexit is going to play out. I wish we did. I would say in the international business as a general rule, we've seen -- it's been a strong year, as you know. I would say we've probably seen a shift in the business toward a bit more larger -- mid to larger-sized projects. And I think that it is -- accounts for, I don't know if you were on the line at least a few minutes ago. I talked a bit about our backlog. And some of the longer dated items in the backlog relate to the some decent sized projects for international. So that's kind of the project picture. And from an overall -- to me, the bigger story in the international business this year has been the work that they've done around margin efficiency. The gross margin performance has improved, particularly in Asia. Some of our profit optimization work there related to factory consolidation and we're starting to see the real benefits from that reveal themselves in the results.
Budd Bugatch -- Raymond James -- Analyst
So that's all done. Ningbo is closed essentially and you're all in one factory?
Gregory Bylsma -- President, North America Contract
Budd, hey, this is Greg. The Ningbo is closed. We have the old, if you remember, POSH factory that we are in the process of moving to the new factory and we have everything in there, except metal. So the paint lines are going in there as we speak. And the metal we're transferring from the old factory to the new factory around September timeframe.
Budd Bugatch -- Raymond James -- Analyst
All right. I'll take the rest of my questions offline. Thanks. Thank you very much. Congratulations on the year.
Jeffrey Stutz -- Executive Vice President and Chief Financial Officer
Thanks. Thanks a lot, Budd.
Andrea Owen -- President and Chief Executive Officer
Thanks, Budd.
Operator
Thank you. I'm showing no further questions at this time. I'd like to turn the call back to Ms. Andi Owen for closing remarks.
Andrea Owen -- President and Chief Executive Officer
Thanks, everybody, for joining us today. We really appreciate your continued interest in Herman Miller. And we're looking forward to updating you again next quarter. Hope you have a great day. Thanks.
Operator
Ladies and gentlemen, thank you for participating in today's conference. This concludes today's program. You may all disconnect. Everyone have a great day.
Duration: 42 minutes
Call participants:
Kevin Veltman -- Vice President, Investor Relations & Treasurer
Andrea Owen -- President and Chief Executive Officer
Gregory Bylsma -- President, North America Contract
Jeffrey Stutz -- Executive Vice President and Chief Financial Officer
Gregory Burns -- Sidoti & Company, LLC -- Analyst
Steven Ramsey -- Thompson Research Group -- Analyst
Matthew McCall -- Seaport Global Securities LLC -- Analyst
Budd Bugatch -- Raymond James -- Analyst
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