Lear Corp (LEA) Q4 2018 Earnings Conference Call Transcript
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Lear Corp (NYSE: LEA)
Q4 2018 Earnings Conference Call
Jan. 25, 2019, 8:00 a.m. ET
Contents:
Prepared Remarks
Questions and Answers
Call Participants
Prepared Remarks:
Operator
Good day, ladies and gentlemen, and welcome to the Lear Corporation's Fourth Quarter and Full-Year 2018 Earnings Call. Please welcome Alicia Davis, Vice President of Investor Relations. The floor is yours.
Alicia Davis -- Vice President of Investor Relations
Thanks Grace. Good morning everyone and thanks for joining us for Lear's fourth quarter and full-year 2018 earnings call. Presenting today are Ray Scott, Lear's President and CEO; and Jeff Vanneste, Senior Vice President and CFO. Other members of Lear's senior management team have also joined us on the call. Following prepared remarks by Ray and Jeff, we will open the call for Q&A. Please note that you can find the presentation that accompanies these remarks at ir.lear.com.
Before we begin, I'd like to take this opportunity to remind you that as we conduct this call, we will be making forward-looking statements to assist you in understanding Lear's expectations for the future. As detailed in our Safe Harbor statement on Slide 2, our actual results could differ materially from these forward-looking statements due to many factors discussed in our latest 10-K and other periodic reports. I also want to remind you that during today's presentation, we will refer to non-GAAP financial metrics. You are directed to the slides in the Appendix of our presentation for the reconciliation of non-GAAP items to the most directly comparable GAAP measures.
The agenda for today's call is on Slide 3. First, Ray will review 2018 highlights. Jeff will then review our fourth quarter and full-year 2018 financial results and 2019 financial outlook. Finally, Ray will provide a business update and offer some concluding remarks. Following the formal presentation, we will be happy to take your questions.
With that, I'd like to invite Ray to begin.
Raymond E. Scott -- President, Chief Executive Officer, and Director
Thanks Alicia, and good morning, everyone. It's a pleasure to speak with you today. In 2018, we continued to deliver strong results in the face of significant macroeconomic headwinds. Despite substantial volume reductions in the second half of the year, we achieved record full year sales and operating income in 2018 and our consolidated backlog of $3.4 billion represents the largest backlog in our history.
In 2018, we increased our dividend by 40% and repurchased over $700 million in shares. Since 2011, we have repurchased over $4 billion in shares. Throughout the current market weakness, we have aggressively attacked cost and our financial performance is a testament to Lear's strong execution capabilities and focus on process improvements. During the year, we hired John Absmeier, our first Chief Technology Officer, and accelerated our investments in innovation and technology, because they are the key to the future growth of our Company.
Later in the presentation, I'll say more about our focus on operational excellence and our innovation strategy. But first, Jeff will discuss our 2018 financial results and review our 2019 guidance.
Jeffrey H. Vanneste -- Senior Vice President and Chief Financial Officer
Thanks, Ray. Slide 7 highlights our financial results for both the fourth quarter and full year. For the quarter, sales were $4.9 billion, down $421 million or 8% from last year, as our strong backlog growth was offset by significant production declines on key Lear platforms and the negative impact of foreign exchange. Core operating earnings were down $52 million primarily due to the decrease in sales, somewhat offset by strong operating performance. Core operating margin declined 30 basis points to 7.9%.
For the full year, our sales grew 3% to $21.15 billion, driven by our strong backlog, favorable foreign exchange, sales resulting from gaining control affiliates and the acquisition of Grupo Antolin's seating business, partially offset by the impact of lower production volumes on key platforms in our major markets. Core operating earnings were up $30 million to $1.75 billion with a margin of 8.3%, down slightly from last year. Full-year adjusted earnings per share were up 7% to $18.22 per share, reflecting the increase in operating earnings, a reduced share count and a lower effective tax rate.
Equity earnings were down year-over-year in the fourth quarter and full year primarily due to weakened production environment in China and the consolidation of a couple of our Chinese wire harness joint ventures. Full-year free cash flow was approximately $1.1 billion, reflecting another year of strong cash generation. Free cash flow was approximately $100 million better than our October guidance primarily driven by aggressive working capital management, particularly a heightened focus on reducing inventory levels.
Slide 8 provides the fourth quarter year-over-year sales and adjusted operating margin walk for our E-Systems segment. Fourth quarter revenue declined 4% as our strong backlog was offset by significant volume declines on key Lear platforms in all our major markets. E-Systems margin of 11.3% was down 300 basis points from 2017. The walk on the right side of the slide sets the margin in the fourth quarter of 2017 as the baseline and indicates whether each variance item was accretive or dilutive to that baseline. Approximately, 90% of the year-over-year margin decline was related to lower production on key Lear platforms, particularly on higher margin platforms in China and Europe. The backlog came on strong at a 12% margin, but was slightly dilutive to the fourth quarter 2017 baseline. Our strong operating performance offset the impact of incremental investment to launch our backlog of business as well as advanced engineering spending to support long-term growth.
Slide 9 explains the fourth quarter year-over-year variance in sales and adjusted operating margin in the Seating segment. Sales in the fourth quarter were $3.7 billion, down 9% from the fourth quarter of 2017. The reduction was driven by lower production on key Lear platforms in every major region, particularly Europe and China and the negative impact of foreign exchange, somewhat offset by strong revenue growth from the backlog. In a challenging industry environment, our Seating margin was 8% in the quarter, 10 basis points lower than last year as the margin impact of negative volume mix was nearly offset by strong operational performance and a margin accretive backlog.
Slide 10 highlights our debt structure as of the end of 2018. Lear has an investment grade credit rating and one of the strongest balance sheets in the industry. Our debt structure includes the combination of flexible term debt of $1.75 billion undrawn revolver and bonds with no maturities until 2024. We have a history of significant cash generation and converting a high percentage of our earnings to cash. Lear has never been in a better financial position or had more financial flexibility.
Slide 11 provides our financial outlook for 2019, which is unchanged from the guidance we provided last week. Our sales guidance of $20.9 billion to $21.7 billion represents a wider than normal range reflecting the current uncertainties in both the operating and macroeconomic environments. We developed the high end of our sales guidance range using IHS estimates as a baseline with modifications for information gaining from customer releases and our internal assessments. Our outlook forecasts our top platforms in North America and Europe to be down approximately 5% and 1% respectively in 2019.
In China, our forecast reflects volume on our top platforms to be down more than 10%. From a currency perspective, our guidance assumes an average euro exchange rate of $1.13 per euro and an average Chinese RMB exchange rate of RMB6.95 to the dollar. Given the launches on some of our key platforms, we expect to experience 13 weeks of downtime on those specific programs, primarily in the first half of the year. As a result, the cadence of sales is forecasted to ramp up from the first half to the second half of the year.
To put in -- to put that in perspective, the high end of our sales guidance assume first half sales down more than 5% year-over-year and second half sales up more than 10% year-over-year. Core operating earnings are forecast to be in the range of $1.6 billion to $1.7 billion. High end of our guidance range reflects a full-year Seating margin of approximately 8% and a full-year E-Systems margin of approximately 12%. We expect first half margins in both segments to be lower than full-year margins, but improve throughout the year, with second half margins above full-year margins. We're expecting another year of strong cash generation with free cash flow forecasted to be in the range of $850 million to $950 million. Restructuring costs are forecasted to be approximately $140 million, up $40 million from 2018, primarily reflecting footprint and census actions attributable to the current macroeconomic and industry environment, including the impact of recent customer announcements.
Based on our projected mix of earnings by country, we expect our overall effective tax rate to be between 22% and 23%. Given our tax attributes, we expect our cash tax rate to be around 20%.
Slide 12 compares the high end of our 2019 free cash flow guidance to the 2018 actual free cash flow. At the high end of our guidance range, we forecast free cash flow of $950 million, a decrease of approximately $150 million from 2018. The lower year-over-year free cash flow is primarily due to low projected earnings, higher capital expenditure to support a record backlog, increased restructuring charges in response to the current industry environment including the impact of recent customer announcements and increased working capital requirements to support forecasted second half sales growth.
Slide 13 shows our 2019 to 2021 backlog. It's important to note that our sales backlog includes only awarded programs, net of any lost business and programs rolling off and excludes pursued business. Our updated backlog includes the negative impact of approximately $300 million of customer announced program cancellations, and a $100 million decline due to the impact of foreign exchange. Despite these negative impacts, our sales backlog for 2019 to 2021 of $3.4 billion represents the largest backlog in our history.
The backlog is well balanced by region and customer, driving continued diversification of our top line. Of our overall consolidated and unconsolidated backlog of approximately $3.9 billion, $1.2 billion is in China with approximately 45% of that in E-Systems. From a segment perspective, our backlog is split approximately 70:30 between Seating and E-Systems. Consistent with last year's backlog, approximately 90% of our Seating backlog is on CUV and SUV programs.
With respect to our E-Systems segment, we continue to take share and win new business aligned with emerging industry trends, especially vehicle electrification and connectivity. Over 40% of our E-Systems backlog is in electrification and connectivity. There are still several programs that are up for bid, so we expect consistent with historical experience, the backlog in 2021 to continue to grow as those new programs are awarded.
Now I'll turn it back to Ray for business review and some closing thoughts.
Raymond E. Scott -- President, Chief Executive Officer, and Director
Thanks, Jeff. Slide 15 highlights our continued focus on operational excellence. Over the last several years, we have consistently invested in subject matter experts to support our operational excellence as well as in tools and train to make them successful. Today, we have dedicated and experienced teams deployed all over the world, analyzing efficiencies and implementing changes across our global portfolio, making operational excellence a competitive advantage for Lear Corporation. This is part of our DNA at Lear Corporation and at the core of how we run our business every single day.
We have the best-in-class capabilities in cost, technology, and optimization. A disciplined engineering change management process and a world-class team with employees at every level of the organization who are dedicated to operational excellence. From engineering and program management teams working with our plants well ahead of program launches to Six Sigma and Lean projects throughout the life of the program, we are constantly looking for ways to improve efficiencies and take cost out of the system while maintaining a high level quality for our customers. Though always a focus at Lear, these tools are even more important in this current environment.
Now turning to Slide 16. We have a great team, tools, discipline to manage any challenging times and the financial strength and long-term focus to maintain and accelerate investments in technology and innovation that will drive future profitable growth. This is a transformational time in the auto industry. The next 5 years to 10 years will bring new content opportunities from secular trends that will shape the future of the industry and accelerate our growth.
Lear has been developing industry-leading capabilities and technologies across all these megatrends. Here are a few examples of the recent Lear innovations. As you know, last year, Lear launched the industry's most sophisticated connected gateway with Audi, a first to market 4.5G system with over the year software and capabilities. This technology is now being deployed across more than 10 different nameplates with Volkswagen. And we currently have in development a program for a 5G system with Cellular-V2X that is slated for China. Also, in the connectivity space, we have multiple V2X deployments in over 40 cities across 15 states in five countries.
In the electrification space, we've developed some of the most sophisticated high powered terminals and connectors in the industry. We have a portfolio of onboard chargers ranging from 7 kilowatts to 22 kilowatts to speed up the charging cycle for electric vehicles. Currently in production is a 7 kilowatt onboard charger with JAG Land Rover I-PACE, and in the next couple of years, we will be launching a 11 kilowatt onboard chargers with Volvo and JAG Land Rover. And in our Seating business, entire Seating continues to gain momentum, not only with development programs but also with production contracts. We are excited about the powered version of ConfigurE-Plus which is launching in 2020. ConfigurE-Plus is an untethered rail system that allows seats to reconfigure and is so well positioned for the future of shared mobility.
Our investments in innovation both internally and externally are critical to our future growth and aligned with these industry megatrends. Slide 17 highlights some of the steps we have taken to increase our focus on innovation. In 2018, we established internal product teams dedicated to electrification and connectivity, two key growth drivers for our company. A few weeks ago, we announced the launch of Lear Innovation Ventures. Through LIV, Lear will invest in advanced development teams, partnerships in early stage technologies.
We've also recently announced a partnership with TechStars Detroit, a venture fund and start-up accelerator that will soon be co-located in our innovation center here in Detroit. In addition, we're excited to announce that we reached an agreement with Hyundai, to be our first EXO technology development partner. This partnership will allow Lear and Hyundai to enhance vehicle positioning systems currently on the road while developing advanced systems for fully autonomous driving.
We also launched a joint development partnership with Gentherm to accelerate the future of in-vehicle microclimates. This creates a significant value proposition for our customers and puts Lear in a great position for future growth.
These are just a few examples of the things that we are doing to enhance our capabilities in the mobility space and accelerate the pace of innovation within our company.
Okay, now turning to Slide 18, though the industry is facing significant macro challenges, we built this company to thrive in this kind of environment and really separate ourselves from our competition and our efforts are paying off. We had the strongest backlog in our history, the most talented team in the industry and an incredible reputation for operational excellence. We are continuing to make smart investments in innovation and technology. We are well positioned for growth while generating strong free cash flow and returns above our cost of capital. We have never been in a better competitive position or had more financial flexibility than we have today. And I'll tell you, I couldn't be more excited about the future of Lear Corporation. And now Jeff and I would be happy to take your questions.
Questions and Answers:
Operator
Thank you. (Operator Instructions) Our first question comes from the line of David Tamberrino from Goldman Sachs. Your line is now open.
David Tamberrino -- Goldman Sachs -- Analyst
Great. Good morning, gentlemen.
Raymond E. Scott -- President, Chief Executive Officer, and Director
Hey Dave.
David Tamberrino -- Goldman Sachs -- Analyst
Wanted to start kind of where you left off there, Ray, lot of advanced development work, a lot of incremental spends for program launches this year on CapEx as well. First question is, when do you expect to see a return on that advanced development R&D expenditures that you're putting forth?
Raymond E. Scott -- President, Chief Executive Officer, and Director
Well, Dave, I think a lot of the investments we're putting in place right now are anywhere from two years to three years out in respect to the capital comments, but a lot of the things that we're doing with John Absmeier and the investments are complementary to our growth strategy. So they will range within our backlog. But you know we see that probably hitting in like I said two years to three years.
David Tamberrino -- Goldman Sachs -- Analyst
And then on the CapEx side, I think last year you gave us a pretty good roadmap as to how many launches you had for '18. I think it was like 145 in Seating and maybe 116(ph)in E-Systems. Is that growing year-over-year and helping drive that higher CapEx and you know as you think about going forward, will there be a little bit more capital efficiency or is this a new reestablished higher level of CapEx, call it above 3% of sales?
Jeffrey H. Vanneste -- Senior Vice President and Chief Financial Officer
I think I'd look at it this way, the elevated level we've had in '18 and '19, we made an investment in our structures and mechanisms business on a new technology. I think we got a little bit more to go in 2019. That will tail off, I think some of the investment that we made on the electrification and connectivity business is new. We had no embedded capital to utilize. So that's kind of new. So I think over time, beyond 2019, we'll get back to that 3% or maybe even high 2% of sales range of CapEx.
David Tamberrino -- Goldman Sachs -- Analyst
Got it. And just last one from me, you know I think you've put out pretty conservative guidance with the range top line being -- or top of 15 IHS lower end being a little bit more conservative. But just curious what you're seeing from your customers across different regions, given there's been chop in production in almost every region? Are you starting to see the broadcasts from your customers smooth out or are you still in an environment where day to day you still have some production changes and shifts and -- that you have to deal with?
Raymond E. Scott -- President, Chief Executive Officer, and Director
Well, I think that IHS came out in January and it was a pretty significant move from what they said in January as it relates -- I'm sorry, December, as it relates to 2019, I think they took 750-odd thousand vehicles and a primary piece of that was in China and in Europe, the areas that we had seen at the end of last year to have some volume weakness. I think with respect to the Europe change, a lot of it was geared seemingly toward JLR and FCA and I think in China the change got IHS closer to our assumption, but I think we're still relatively conservative in China versus IHS. I think our guidance is prudent there with respect to our thoughts. But to your question, I think we do see pockets of weakness continuing as your customer releases are taken down or taken down weeks. I know the OEMs in the UK are -- have announced some down weeks surrounding the potential for a hard Brexit and uncertainty on parts there. So we are maybe not to the depth in severity that we saw it at the end of last year but there are still pockets of weakness. I wouldn't call it a slippery pig.
David Tamberrino -- Goldman Sachs -- Analyst
Got it. So it's a little bit -- so what you're saying it's a little bit easier to manage your business day to day than it was say in the fourth quarter?
Raymond E. Scott -- President, Chief Executive Officer, and Director
Yeah, no I think that -- I think you saw some of that in Q4 in E-Systems that notwithstanding the margin decline was pretty significant, 90% of it was really related to the impact of the volume decline in some of our key programs and more profitable programs. Look, we had an ability to react better in Q4 in E-Systems than we had in Q3 given the severity and consistency that we saw then in Q3.
David Tamberrino -- Goldman Sachs -- Analyst
Understood. Appreciate the time gentlemen. Thank you.
Raymond E. Scott -- President, Chief Executive Officer, and Director
Thanks, Dave.
Operator
The next question comes from the line of Colin Langan from UBS. Your line is open.
Colin Langan -- UBS -- Analyst
Great, thanks for taking my question. Just going through the numbers, when I look at other EBIT or other corporate income, it seems like abnormally low this quarter. Is anything unusual going on there that helped out that other line item -- other corporate?
Jeffrey H. Vanneste -- Senior Vice President and Chief Financial Officer
I think there's a couple of things going on there. One is, we did react to the changing volume scenario globally and we took some costs out of the HQ spend which is your normal corporate type costs. We had some census actions in the quarter but the lion's share of it quite frankly is related to compensation expense, given the results for the year against our targets, if you will. So a lot of it was really related to compensation expense.
Colin Langan -- UBS -- Analyst
Got it. And when I look at this year, I think sales were up about 3%, and I think if you adjust for FX and the JV that you consolidated, it's actually closer to flat to slightly down, which is sort of a deviation from the last at least five years where you were well above market growth. What was so unique this year? Is it really just mostly customer mix? Or there are other things that we should think about that sort of was weaker than normal outperformance versus the market this year?
Jeffrey H. Vanneste -- Senior Vice President and Chief Financial Officer
Well, I think the main item is we had a very solid backlog, but the impact of volume mix was very significant. I think collectively volume and mix from a top line perspective was north of $1.2 billion I believe in impact. So it was very severe and it really was more significant in the second half of the year versus the first half of the year.
Colin Langan -- UBS -- Analyst
Got it. And just lastly Slide 8, sorry, Slide -- in Slide 8, when you look at the E-Systems walk, why is the margin on the backlog actually negative and actually the volume mix which I thought would be the bigger issue, as the some of the mix issues in the quarter seems actually pretty normal on the decremental, but the new backlog launching had a sort of negative margin headwind. I mean, why it's still low? Or I'm misinterpreting that?
Jeffrey H. Vanneste -- Senior Vice President and Chief Financial Officer
No, I think we tried to put in the script because this was misinterpreted in the third quarter as well. What that chart represents is, what is the margin impact of each of those variance items against the 14.3% baseline. So the margin on the backlog was very profitable, was north of 12%, but as you compare that 12% to a 14.3% baseline, it was dilutive.
Colin Langan -- UBS -- Analyst
Got it.
Jeffrey H. Vanneste -- Senior Vice President and Chief Financial Officer
So it's a great backlog.
Colin Langan -- UBS -- Analyst
Got it.
Raymond E. Scott -- President, Chief Executive Officer, and Director
Yes, I think that's an important -- it's an important point. So --
Colin Langan -- UBS -- Analyst
Okay, thanks.
Jeffrey H. Vanneste -- Senior Vice President and Chief Financial Officer
Thanks.
Operator
The next question comes from the line of Brian Johnson from Barclays Capital. Your line is open.
Brian Johnson -- Barclays Capital -- Analyst
Yes, thank you. I want to kind of talk about E-Systems because I think some of the discussion over in the Detroit conferences was around if you just kind of roll back two years to step down from 14-ish percent business to a 12% margin business. So I guess three questions. One, you have long-term targets from your Investor Day of 14%. Are you still on track for that kind of? Second, if so, what are the invest -- can you quantify some of the investments you're making that flow through the income statement that get you there? And then kind of third, we'll see when the K comes out, the split on CapEx between Seating and E-Systems, but how you're kind of thinking about that business not just in terms of Op margins but in terms of ROIC given the CapEx going into it?
Jeffrey H. Vanneste -- Senior Vice President and Chief Financial Officer
Yeah, if I -- first of all, when we look at our E-Systems business, obviously, we're not satisfied, and we have some things that we're doing internally. But nothing fundamentally has really changed with the exception of what we've talked about. 90% of what we're hit with was volume mix, and a lot of that volume mix was on older programs that were more mature and were even accretive and more of a premium margin within our E-Systems business. So obviously, that was something that we've been managing. But when we look at the margin within E-Systems, there is a lot of things that we're currently doing. I mean, one, obviously, we can moderate and negotiate some of our agreements with our customers through CTO and VAV, which we're currently actively doing. We have a number of activities that we can rightsize, consolidate and make sure we're utilizing our capacity in the right way and then -- and obviously any discretionary spending. So we have some work we're doing. And like we just mentioned on the last call, we're launching a lot of new business within E-Systems with different customers. So we're diversifying our customer base. And with these new customers, even though the margins are healthy, it's going to take some time to work those margins back up to what we've traditionally seen.
So it's not unlike anything we're unfamiliar with. I think, if you recall, even back in Seating, we were positioned with one or two key customers. We did a great job at diversifying our customer base. We did an outstanding job of working the margins up, and you can see how that reflects the -- in the current margins today because we're much more balanced. The impact is significant. And so I'm very confident in the business. With the increased awards we've got with electrification recently and those drive higher margin type business opportunities, I'm very confident we'll get back to what we've traditionally seen, but it's going to take some time.
Raymond E. Scott -- President, Chief Executive Officer, and Director
Hey Brian, just to --
Brian Johnson -- Barclays Capital -- Analyst
Okay. And in terms of CapEx and ROIC.
Jeffrey H. Vanneste -- Senior Vice President and Chief Financial Officer
Yeah, CapEx and ROIC.
Raymond E. Scott -- President, Chief Executive Officer, and Director
ROIC.
Jeffrey H. Vanneste -- Senior Vice President and Chief Financial Officer
ROIC. So let me answer the question, so you don't have to wait until the K comes out. It's-generally speaking, the split is two-third to one-third Seating to E-Systems. From an ROIC perspective, this goes back to our fundamental philosophy that our margin profile needs to make sure we have a return greater than our cost of capital. So when we look at investing in any project, be it any subproduct or any segment, they have to stand on their own. So when we look at investment thesis, we look at hard on the investment required, the return is required to get a rate of return and that's no different on any product that we ultimately want to take on.
Brian Johnson -- Barclays Capital -- Analyst
Okay. Thanks.
Operator
Our next question comes from the line of Rob Lache from Wolfe Research. Your line is open.
Rob Lache -- Wolfe Research -- Analyst
Hi, everybody. Can you hear me?
Raymond E. Scott -- President, Chief Executive Officer, and Director
Yes.
Rob Lache -- Wolfe Research -- Analyst
I had a couple questions. First, is it correct that the decrementals on volume in E-Systems were 29%? And if that's correct, how should we be thinking at this point about the incrementals if some of these key China platforms start to come back?
Jeffrey H. Vanneste -- Senior Vice President and Chief Financial Officer
Well, I think they're kind of one and the same that -- you're right that the decremental margin in the quarter and really I think it was similar in Q3 as well. That -- given the program that was affected, the customer that was affected, the product that was affected, it was one of our higher margin businesses. And as a result, there was a pretty significant downward conversion. So to the extent that, that volume comes back, we would anticipate that the comeback would be in that same ballpark range of margin accretiveness.
Rob Lache -- Wolfe Research -- Analyst
Okay, great. And I wanted to also just understand a few components of the 2018 to 2019 bridge that you guided to in operating earnings decline of $100 million to $150 million? First, there's some confusion about what's embedded in the high end versus the low end of your guidance. I think that you've said that you adjusted IHS for both and that you used negative 10%, negative 5% and negative 1% for China, North America and Europe for the high end, is that correct? And if it is, what would the low end be?
Jeffrey H. Vanneste -- Senior Vice President and Chief Financial Officer
The high end would be, as I think you said, an assumption in North America that our top platforms are down 5%. Now IHS has that down -- at least in the January has been 1%. In Europe, our top platforms are down 1%. And in China, we've said that our top platforms are down more than 10%. That represents the guidance that we are guiding to with respect to the top end of the range. And then from there, I think it's kind of wherever volume falls and whatever region, that's why we gave you the very wide range because history tells us at least in the back half of the year that volume wherever it may be can come quick in regardless of region. Now I think our assumptions in China, as you relate to our largest customer in E-Systems there, are pretty conservative versus what IHS is saying, even after IHS made a pretty significant change in January. So to the extent that maybe the volume drop within those products isn't as severe or isn't like where it was in the fourth quarter, there maybe some upside.
Rob Lache -- Wolfe Research -- Analyst
Okay. So the low end of your guidance would be worse than that negative 5%, negative 1% and negative 10%, presumably?
Jeffrey H. Vanneste -- Senior Vice President and Chief Financial Officer
Yeah, I'm sorry. Yes. Yes.
Rob Lache -- Wolfe Research -- Analyst
Okay. And what are your expectations? Can you just clarify for us your expectations for 2019 year-over-year change in R&D DNA? And this -- that corporate number, which has been pretty volatile down to $46 million in the quarter, what -- how should we be thinking about a run rate?
Jeffrey H. Vanneste -- Senior Vice President and Chief Financial Officer
Well, I think the -- I don't know who mentioned it, it was Colin who mentioned it. The biggest change in the quarter, and I think, ultimately, for the full year was largely attributable to the HQ as it relates to compensation expense. Now going into next year, we hope that comp expense is much higher, and I think we all hope that because the number is then as a whole are much better. But I think on a run rate basis, I would expect to see a number that maybe as slightly below what we've historically run, but pretty -- it's going to be higher than we were certainly in 2018. And I think embedded into that number is going to be some incremental costs associated with our investment in innovation that John Absmeier is going to lead from a corporate perspective. So there is some incremental amount of costs that's going to be in HQ as it relates to those activities.
Rob Lache -- Wolfe Research -- Analyst
Okay. And R&D and commodities for next year?
Jeffrey H. Vanneste -- Senior Vice President and Chief Financial Officer
R&D is going to be slightly up in E-Systems year-over-year. I'd label maybe 10-basis point of margin associated with that. And what was the other one?
Rob Lache -- Wolfe Research -- Analyst
Commodities.
Jeffrey H. Vanneste -- Senior Vice President and Chief Financial Officer
Commodities. I would say pretty flat with respect to E-Systems, I think, given what we're seeing recently on the price of copper. On the Seating side, the whole steel scenario in conjunction with the tariffs will have about a 20-basis point decremental impact on Seating margins.
Rob Lache -- Wolfe Research -- Analyst
Okay. Great. Thank you.
Jeffrey H. Vanneste -- Senior Vice President and Chief Financial Officer
Thanks, Rob.
Operator
The next question comes from the line of Chris McNally from Evercore. Your line is open.
Chris McNally -- Evercore -- Analyst
Hi guys, good morning.
Jeffrey H. Vanneste -- Senior Vice President and Chief Financial Officer
Good morning.
Chris McNally -- Evercore -- Analyst
If we could just follow-up on E-Systems, so a couple of questions there. So I think it's clear that you guys have discussed that the volume decline on the key platforms in China and in Europe is the reason for -- I think that we just talked about the decrementals being roughly 30%. And I think you've been quite clear on China, which those platforms are specifically Ford being down so much. Could we go a little bit into Europe maybe without discussing who the OEMs are? Is there a type of vehicle? Is it sedan? Is there a diesel mix component? Just so we can get a sense for if those vehicles will recover because, obviously, we're expecting Europe to be quite tougher for most of the first half.
Raymond E. Scott -- President, Chief Executive Officer, and Director
Yeah, I don't think there's any particular platform or vehicle style that we would point. In Europe, it is more -- we're much more vertically integrated with our Ts and Cs business. And so it's kind of across the board of components that we shift and obviously, Ts and Cs making a very good margin in respect to how we build those up and harness itself. So it's more of the vertical integration aspect of it and not necessarily a particular platform or car line.
Chris McNally -- Evercore -- Analyst
Okay. So it's pretty broad based. And then, I guess, the second part of the question is, obviously, the decline in the second half of the year, particularly Q4, was quite sharp. Could you talk a little bit about maybe some of the absolute cost actions that you are taking part in either China or Europe in the first half? So whether we could start to see the decrementals in the first half of the year where volumes are still quite tough, maybe they could be a little bit better. So anything that you were doing on the cost basis in China and Europe in the first half? Thank you.
Raymond E. Scott -- President, Chief Executive Officer, and Director
Yeah, obviously, we pride ourselves and I mentioned with operational excellence and how we get at the cost side of the business. There isn't anything that isn't looked at or reviewed and executed right now. And so obviously, rightsizing our facilities, there's number of different actions across all of our plants, all 257 plants relative to anything we're seeing as far as deterioration in volumes. So we have weekly reviews on what we're doing, rightsizing our plants and how efficient we're running every single week and every single day we run those plants. And then a much broader, obviously, if there's restructuring actions, how we can consolidate plants, consolidate our overall business, our footprint, get better use out of our capital, all those are actions that we're taking in all the regions, not just specific to China or Europe, every single region we're looking at that and acting on those type of things that can drive efficiencies. And then there's actions we're taking with our customers, and we have great relationships with our customers. And as we get into this type of environment, we work with our customers on what we call CTO, in cost technology optimization, where it's VAV and alternative specifications and designs. That we've done a great job of getting those types of suggestions through, especially given some of the uncertainty that we're facing. And so we kind of take a proactive approach to not just ask for price increases, but work with them in a collaborative way to solve a problem, which is efficiency and cost. And then any discretionary spend. I mean, I've said this before, this is a very, very unique time in the auto industry, and so we're holding sacred our investment in innovation and technology. We feel that, that is the growth driver, that is the differentiator, and we have the financial flexibility to do that. So we'll get at what we can control, we will. We'll drive our cost out. We pride ourselves on that, that's where we're very good at. But at the same time, understanding how important it is to invest in the future of this company and drive those growth drivers that would differentiate us longer term. And so we have a lot of different things that we're doing internally, but one thing we're very good at is getting at cost.
Chris McNally -- Evercore -- Analyst
Understood. Much appreciated.
Operator
Our next question comes from the line of Itay Michaeli from Citi. Your line is open.
Itay Michaeli -- Citigroup -- Analyst
Great, thank you. Good morning, everybody. Just a first question. Just want to go back to margin cadence for the year, particularly in E-Systems. And then, hoping you can kind of talk about where you think you'll exit margins in 2019? And how sustainable would that exit margin rate be into 2020?
Jeffrey H. Vanneste -- Senior Vice President and Chief Financial Officer
I think we said couple times last week and this week that from a book-in calendar year perspective, E-Systems' margins are going to be approximately 12%. We ended 2018, obviously, where we were, but I think it's indicative of what the volume levels on some of our top platforms are at that time. And obviously, our assumption going into 2019 is that there's not going to be an immediate recovery of those vehicle volumes, coupled with that given the downtime with some of our customers, et cetera, that the first half sales are going to be lower, I think we said in total, not necessarily with respect to E-Systems, but in total, down more than 5% year-over-year. But the back half, given the cadence of the backlog and other things, sales will rise. So I think what we'll see in the first half of the year is margins in E-Systems below that 12% calendar year threshold, and on the back half of the year, the exit rate margins will be north of that 12% threshold. Now they could vary 10 to 20 basis points either way, but as in a general way, that's the cadence of the way we see margins in E-Systems.
Itay Michaeli -- Citigroup -- Analyst
That's helpful. And then I wanted to go back to the key platforms in E-Systems in Europe, to the earlier question, you mentioned the decline was broad based. Just want to clarify, are you seeing the declines in unit volume? Are you seeing any signs of declines in trim and auction rates that might be affecting the content of connectors and to overall electrical systems in the vehicle?
Jeffrey H. Vanneste -- Senior Vice President and Chief Financial Officer
I think on the latter, no. I think on the former, yes, specifically, with respect to our larger customers there, they've had some volume weaknesses. The Focus program globally is down, but specifically in Europe, I think, it's down 50% in the quarter, something like that. Some of our other major customers have been down in the quarter. So the main factors, the main regions that have affected E-Systems in the quarter are primarily in Europe and in China. Now North America, we knew this, the Focus built out in North America, that built out at the end of Q2, early Q3, but there was primarily in the fourth quarter related to Europe with some of our larger customers, maybe JLR and Ford and product-wise Ts and Cs. And then in China, we discussed kind of the major customers that had weaknesses there.
Itay Michaeli -- Citigroup -- Analyst
Great. And then just lastly if I could sneak it in, on restructuring, you've clearly been stepping up the efforts. Jeff, do you have a cash restructuring number for '19? And also kind of how do you look at restructuring generally over the next few years off of the base you've guided for here in 2019?
Jeffrey H. Vanneste -- Senior Vice President and Chief Financial Officer
I think from a cash restructuring standpoint, we would say that from a -- I think, we had $100 million of restructuring -- $100-plus million in restructuring in '18 and we've announced our guidance $140 million for 2019. The cash restructuring cost in '19 will be above $45 million more in '19 than it was in '18. And -- the ongoing restructuring --
Raymond E. Scott -- President, Chief Executive Officer, and Director
Yeah, go on --
Jeffrey H. Vanneste -- Senior Vice President and Chief Financial Officer
So the restructuring actions in '19 that are planned that comprise that $140 million really are related to some footprint actions that we're going to be making globally and some actions that we're going to take as a result of some of the customer announcements that will affect some of our plants. I think beyond that, restructuring as we see it today should be going down pretty dramatically beyond 2019.
Itay Michaeli -- Citigroup -- Analyst
Great. That's very helpful. Thank you.
Jeffrey H. Vanneste -- Senior Vice President and Chief Financial Officer
Thanks.
Operator
The next question comes from the line of John Murphy of Bank of America Merrill Lynch. Your line is open.
John Murphy -- Bank of America Merrill Lynch -- Analyst
Hi. Good morning, guys. Just a first question on some of the comments Ford has made recently. And I'm not sure this would impact you all, but just wanted to get your perspective, talking about increasing sourcing to local suppliers in China. I'm just curious if that would either benefit you in some of your JVs or maybe be detrimental to the backlog in the future? Or is this something that's outside the purview of Seating electronics as you see it in China?
Raymond E. Scott -- President, Chief Executive Officer, and Director
Yeah, I don't -- to kind of give you a little bit of the success we've had even with domestics, we've done a great job of growing with the domestics in China. And obviously, we're competing against the local domestics today. And so we continue to see success in our growth. And obviously, you heard the same comment. I don't know exactly what that means, but I do know that it doesn't -- from my perspective, we have to compete every single day, and we've been competing against domestics for a long time. And I think at the end of the day, our customers want the best quality, low-cost producer, and we absolutely are confident that we can deliver that. And so I just see the same success going forward that we've had with the domestics on the ground and with the traditional always going forward.
John Murphy -- Bank of America Merrill Lynch -- Analyst
Okay, that's helpful. Then a second question, there's some rumors floating around and I don't think this is in your backlog, and it seems like it's a little bit far-fetched, that you may have won the F-150 contract away from Adient. And that's not really apparent in your backlog as I would could imagine, it will be a big bump. I mean, can you kind of confirm or deny that in anyway?
Raymond E. Scott -- President, Chief Executive Officer, and Director
Yeah, I think I started that rumor -- (Multiple Speakers)
John Murphy -- Bank of America Merrill Lynch -- Analyst
There you go. That would be a big win for you, right? That would be a big win.
Raymond E. Scott -- President, Chief Executive Officer, and Director
Yes. You're giving me news that I don't have. And so that -- no, I can't -- no, I don't agree with that but --
John Murphy -- Bank of America Merrill Lynch -- Analyst
You deny.
Raymond E. Scott -- President, Chief Executive Officer, and Director
We deny. I like it, but we deny.
John Murphy -- Bank of America Merrill Lynch -- Analyst
Yeah, that would be a big one for you. And then maybe just lastly, more practically, as we look at your Slide 9 and we look at the improvement in net performance on Seating of 60 basis points, that was pretty impressive and I think everything is going along right now. Meaning, if we kind of fast forward to next year or this year, I should say, and say, hey, listen, the volume and mix is flat, which may or may not be the case, we'll see. Would we actually see your Seating margins flip up by 60 basis points and be sort of more in the mid-8% range? And that's assuming volumes flat, I know that's not what you're assuming. But would you be able to hold on to that net performance if things kind of just leveled out here?
Jeffrey H. Vanneste -- Senior Vice President and Chief Financial Officer
I think the --
Raymond E. Scott -- President, Chief Executive Officer, and Director
Go ahead, Jeff.
Jeffrey H. Vanneste -- Senior Vice President and Chief Financial Officer
Well, specific to the cadence question on Seating, and I think you, ultimately, answered your question, John. That's same thing. Book-in for the year is going to be roughly 8%. We're going to struggle in the beginning given the cadence of sales largely attributable to the amount of customer down weeks that have been announced. So on the first half, we will be south of 8%. But as the backlog comes on and we get through those down weeks and sales increase pretty dramatically in the second half versus the first half, the margin profile of that business will improve and will be north of 8% as we exit 2019.
Raymond E. Scott -- President, Chief Executive Officer, and Director
And I think just -- I mean, we talked about Seating. Seating is in an incredibly good position. I mean, we still have a lot more work to do but the team has done an incredible job. And we look at -- we're out with these systems and we talk about where Seating is at because we've mentioned this before, they've done an incredible job of building up a balanced portfolio of diversifying our customer base and we held very sacred our disciplines to margin. And so it doesn't get as dramatically impacted if there is a shift by a particular platform or customer or region. And so they've done a really nice job of protecting that business globally. And I think that we do have opportunities. I think we continue to work on a number of different issues within our Seating business, but with the same respect, it's amazing the growth that we're seeing. And so we kind of keep this balance between where our margins are at in respect to growth. You look at the Seating backlog, I think, we're looking at Conquest Business of $1.1 billion. And I think we've talked about business we've flat out and turned down because we will not take it because it doesn't hit our margin thresholds, and so that's one heck of a number. And so there is a balance between the margin and that growth rate that we're seeing, and we think the opportunities in front of us in Seating are very bright. And so there might be additional opportunities that present themselves, and we're going to have to be prepared for that. Now Frank and the team have done a great job. There's more opportunities I think on the margin side, but we're going to balance that with the incredible growth we've seen.
John Murphy -- Bank of America Merrill Lynch -- Analyst
And maybe just one quick follow-up to that. I mean, let's kind of assume like you're indicating mid-7% for the first half, mid-8s for the second half on Seating margin, full year around 8%, give or take. I mean, should we think about sort of that exit rate next year in the second half or, say, 2019 this year, I apologize, as a more normal number than the 8%? I mean -- or is there just something really positive going on in the second half that's kind of pushing the numbers up -- pushing the margin up?
Jeffrey H. Vanneste -- Senior Vice President and Chief Financial Officer
John, from a total company perspective?
John Murphy -- Bank of America Merrill Lynch -- Analyst
No, I'm sorry. Just for Seating alone, since that's the question.
Jeffrey H. Vanneste -- Senior Vice President and Chief Financial Officer
Yeah, we would anticipate end of year exit rate margins be north of 8%.
John Murphy -- Bank of America Merrill Lynch -- Analyst
And that's more -- I mean, that's a more normal number than the full year of around 8%?
Jeffrey H. Vanneste -- Senior Vice President and Chief Financial Officer
Yes.
John Murphy -- Bank of America Merrill Lynch -- Analyst
Got it, OK. Just thinking about out years. Okay. Thanks so much guys.
Operator
Thank you. Our next question comes from the line of Joseph Spak from RBC Capital Markets. Your line is open.
Joseph Spak -- RBC Capital Markets -- Analyst
Thanks. Good morning, everyone. Jeff, I think we went through this last quarter and you've sort of alluded to this, and maybe we could take it off-line exactly how you are calculating the profit walks as sort of an adjustment to the baseline. But with your definition, I just want to understand because my recollection is that you've indicated that sort of backlog when it launches always comes on a little bit less profitable. So by the way you are reporting it, won't the backlog always have this sort of negative impact or -- in E-Systems? Or do you actually expect it to be a positive contributor, again, not in absolute terms, but like the way you're sort of reporting it as adjusted to a baseline. I know that was a confusing question. But hopefully --
Jeffrey H. Vanneste -- Senior Vice President and Chief Financial Officer
Well, let me try to piecemeal it. The chart is meant to describe an accretive or dilutive variance item compared to a baseline, in this case the baseline is a 14.3% margin profile in the segment. The backlog doesn't always come on in a dilutive way, we saw that exceeding. The margin was accretive or backlog was accretive in, I think, both Q3 and Q4. The margin in E-Systems on the backlog was north of 12%. So it's great business and that business is going to continue to have margin accretion as we go forward. So it's not an absolute that the collective businesses that make up the backlog in any given quarter, any given year maybe dilutive to the baseline margins in the segment. It's just what happens in this case it is. And I think historically, that's probably the case that margins come on lower you've got launch costs that are baked in, you got a number of different things. And as we work the program, we work the efficiencies, we work engineering changes, we work manning levels, that's when margin improves on those programs. So it's -- to me, it's no different than what we've seen in the past, and those programs as they get longer in life, will improve the margin profile.
Joseph Spak -- RBC Capital Markets -- Analyst
So then as we think about 2019 and let's, I guess, stick with E-systems, again, relative to a baseline as we move through the year, the backlog will be accretive eventually or --
Jeffrey H. Vanneste -- Senior Vice President and Chief Financial Officer
Yes.
Joseph Spak -- RBC Capital Markets -- Analyst
Okay, OK. The second question and this is sort of really just an understanding like, in your adjustments to adjusted operating income by segment, it looks like you're deducting out the favorable tax ruling from there which I think is an EBIT measure. I'm just curious sort of why it's there and not sort of somewhere in the tax line?
Jeffrey H. Vanneste -- Senior Vice President and Chief Financial Officer
Sorry, the tax ruling?
Joseph Spak -- RBC Capital Markets -- Analyst
Yes. It looked like you are deducting a favorable tax ruling to sort of adjust your segment EBIT.
Jeffrey H. Vanneste -- Senior Vice President and Chief Financial Officer
Yeah, this was a -- this gets complicated, but we had a favorable tax ruling in Brazil that was years -- I mean, literally years in the making. I was in my 40s, I think, when this thing was started. And it was a one-time item. It's not a run rate item for us going forward, and as a result, we didn't want to indicate that it was a run rate item, and we treated as an adjustment.
Joseph Spak -- RBC Capital Markets -- Analyst
Right. I guess, I'm just curious why is it like in an EBIT measure as opposed to sort of in the tax line and not that it matters from an adjusted basis, but --
Jeffrey H. Vanneste -- Senior Vice President and Chief Financial Officer
It affects things that we would put in EBIT. So the type of taxes that it relates to that we would get a reduction on going forward would be within that geographic accounting line item.
Joseph Spak -- RBC Capital Markets -- Analyst
Okay. And then last one just, I guess, housekeeping, and I'll see this in the K. But any update on the pension status?
Jeffrey H. Vanneste -- Senior Vice President and Chief Financial Officer
The pension -- the funded position of the pension at the end of the year decreased, I think, was like $20 million year-over-year. I may have the number slightly wrong, but it's in that ballpark. So given the interest rates, the rising interest rates, that certainly has helped. But the underfunded position definitely were down between '17 and '18.
Joseph Spak -- RBC Capital Markets -- Analyst
Okay. Thanks, guys.
Jeffrey H. Vanneste -- Senior Vice President and Chief Financial Officer
Thanks.
Operator
And our final question comes from the line of Emmanuel Rosner from Deutsche Bank. Your line is open.
Emmanuel Rosner -- Deutsche Bank -- Analyst
Hi. Good morning, everybody. Two follow-up questions on E-Systems, if I may. First of all, the -- I think your comments at last week conference was around the idea that only half of the $1 billion in quoting opportunity that you had assumed from 2018 was actually attributable. So I'm just curious when I sort of look at 2019, does that mean that there is a $1.5 billion or is it still $1 billion?
And I guess, more fundamentally, what is it that's driving sort of that -- the slower pace of attribution for E-Systems business, in particular, than you may have anticipated before?
Raymond E. Scott -- President, Chief Executive Officer, and Director
Yeah, that's a good question. And you're right, it was about 50% was actually awarded last year of the $1 billion quoted business that we are pursuing. And that business that was quoted and awarded, we won about 25% -- between 25% and 30%. And so we're at the win rate of what we're projecting and what we're confident in winning. And the rest of it was carried over into this year. And what's interesting is we've talked about this every year, we tried to give some consistent insight into what we're seeing because in electrification and connectivity, we are seeing the rate of quoted activity from our customer increase significantly. I think at this time, last year, we were around $600 million, $700 million. And now, starting the year off right now, we're at $1 billion. And we see that number increasing incrementally through about the next several quarters. And what's interesting about the awarded business from last year, 75% of it was in electronics, and so that's the higher margin business that we've been talking about. So we did a really nice job of winning in those 2 really big megatrends for us, but -- specifically in electronics, so the team did a great job.
And the reason why it's taking a little bit longer than what would -- we would see in a traditional awarding process is our customers in some respects are -- will be deploying and looking at how they can scale across multiple platforms. And I think there is good reason for that, there has been legislative changes, they're looking to accelerating versus a 48-volt up to PHEV to an EV. So they're kind of thinking through some of their strategies internally, which I think, is very positive. So we can go from a lower end CPV type quoting activity to a higher end. And so that's been positive for us. And I think the specifications and some of the requirements just takes longer. To be on a bidding process or be in the bidding process with a customer, you have to have an enormous amount of capabilities and you have to have competencies in some respects that are brand new. And so what we've been able to do is build up those technical capabilities. And as the customer is going through it, it just takes a little bit longer time in their own quoting process. And so nothing alarming. I think it's all positive. I think the rate of how we're getting these quotes, how we're looking at these quotes and how we've been winning them is all good news.
Emmanuel Rosner -- Deutsche Bank -- Analyst
That's very helpful color. And I guess, secondly still on E-Systmes. So one of the big headwinds, obviously, has been those very large volume declines in China at Ford. When you sort of like look ahead, I mean, Ford seems confident that they can sort of turn things around over the next couple of years. But a lot of it seems to rely on new product, I think they're talking about 10 new cars, some of them I'm sure are just refreshers, probably some of them are introductions and redesign. Are you on these new models as well, so would you benefit from the upside if it came from different models than what has been under pressure?
Raymond E. Scott -- President, Chief Executive Officer, and Director
Yeah, we're on some of them. We have a great relationship with Ford. We absolutely love what they're doing as far as the strategy. And what's great about it, let me give you an example that worked out perfect for us and I think it's attributed to the relationship that we have. Jeff mentioned the Focus was canceled, but we had that business here locally.
And we were able to work with Ford Motor Company, and we transitioned to the new Bronco Ranger. And so that was a great shift for us. And -- so we work with Ford, we understand what they're doing, and we, obviously, are supportive.
But at the end of day, we have to do what we've always done. We have to be competitive, we have to deliver high-quality parts and we have to secure the launches we have for them because we're going through a big launch with them right now with the Explorer, and that's an exciting launch for us.
So we just keep our head down, keep doing what we've done, do a great job of launches, give them the best cost and quality, and we're confident that we'll continue to build on that as far as new business.
Emmanuel Rosner -- Deutsche Bank -- Analyst
Great. Thank you very much.
Raymond E. Scott -- President, Chief Executive Officer, and Director
Okay, great. I think that's the last question. And I think, probably, the only one really left on the phone is the Lear team, and I just want to say thanks to the whole Lear team for a great 2018. I mean, there is a lot of headwinds, but I really appreciate what we all did as a team. And remember and would say this over and over again, focus on what we can control. There is a lot of noise out there, but we're really good at what we do internally, and let's just remember to stay focused. And we built this company for success during good times, and we build it for uncertain times. And this is when we're really going to separate ourselves, so let's just stay extremely focused, and we're in a great position. And I absolutely have all the confidence in the world that we're going to continue our success. So thank you for a great '18, and I look forward to a great '19.
Operator
Thank you, ladies and gentlemen for joining us today. This concludes our conference. You may now disconnect. Have a great day.
Duration: 66 minutes
Call participants:
Alicia Davis -- Vice President of Investor Relations
Raymond E. Scott -- President, Chief Executive Officer, and Director
Jeffrey H. Vanneste -- Senior Vice President and Chief Financial Officer
David Tamberrino -- Goldman Sachs -- Analyst
Colin Langan -- UBS -- Analyst
Brian Johnson -- Barclays Capital -- Analyst
Rob Lache -- Wolfe Research -- Analyst
Chris McNally -- Evercore -- Analyst
Itay Michaeli -- Citigroup -- Analyst
John Murphy -- Bank of America Merrill Lynch -- Analyst
Joseph Spak -- RBC Capital Markets -- Analyst
Emmanuel Rosner -- Deutsche Bank -- Analyst
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