WideOpenWest, Inc. (WOW) Q1 2019 Earnings Call Transcript
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WideOpenWest, Inc. (NYSE: WOW)
Q1 2019 Earnings Call
May. 7, 2019, 9:00 a.m. ET
Contents:
Prepared Remarks
Questions and Answers
Call Participants
Prepared Remarks:
Operator
Good morning. My name is Christa and I'll be your conference operator today. At this time, I would like to welcome everyone to the First Quarter 2019 WideOpenWest Earnings Conference Call. All lines have been placed on mute to prevent any background noise and after the speakers' remarks there will be a question-and-answer session. (Operator Instructions)
Thank you. I would now like to turn the call over to Mr. Lucas Binder, WOW's Vice President of Corporate Development and Investor Relations. Mr. Binder, please proceed.
Lucas Binder -- Vice President Corporate Development and Investor Relations
Thank you, Christa. Good morning, everyone and thank you for joining our first quarter 2019 earnings call. With me today is Teresa Elder, WOW's Chief Executive Officer; and Rich Fish, WOW's Chief Financial Officer.
Before we get started, we need to remind everyone that during our call we will make some forward-looking statements about our expected operating results, our business strategy and other matters relating to the business. These forward-looking statements are made in reliance on the safe harbor provisions of the Federal Securities Laws and are subject to known and unknown risks, uncertainties and other factors that may cause our actual operating results, financial position or performance to be materially different from those expressed or implied in our forward-looking statements. You are cautioned not to place undue reliance on such forward-looking statements. We disclaim any obligation to update such forward-looking statements.
For additional information concerning factors that could affect our financial results or cause actual results to differ materially from our forward-looking statements, please refer to our filings with the SEC, including the Risk Factors section of our 10-K filed with the SEC. In addition, please note that in today's call and in our earnings release, we refer to certain non-GAAP financial measures. Such measures include, adjusted EBITDA, transaction-adjusted EBITDA, transaction-adjusted capital expenditures and adjusted diluted earnings per share.
While the Company believes these non-GAAP financial measures provide useful information for investors, the presentation of this information is not intended to be considered in isolation or as a substitute for the financial information presented in accordance with GAAP. These non-GAAP measures are reconciled in our earnings release and trending schedule to the most comparable GAAP measures as appropriate.
Now I'll turn the call over to Teresa.
Teresa Elder -- Chief Executive Officer and Director
Thanks, Lucas and thank you, everyone for joining today's call. Through the first quarter of 2019, we have started to annualize the benefits of the investments we highlighted in 2018, with our focus on customer care, sales and marketing and digital transformation. These investments generated returns throughout 2018 and have continued to contribute to the success of WOW in the first quarter.
Customer churn for the first quarter was the lowest churn in any quarter in at least two years. Lower churn helped us drive subscriber growth of 4,600 net additions and 6,300 HSD RGU net additions during the quarter. In total, HSD RGUs are up 3% over the first quarter of 2018. For the fifth quarter in a row, organic HSD RGU net additions were positive and we added 5,100 organic HSD RGUs In the first quarter.
While growth in subscriber and HSD RGUs was a solid contributor to the business. We also saw return to positive year-over-year revenue growth. We implemented our video rate increase throughout February of 2019, which was two months earlier than the 2018 rate increase. ARPUs are benefiting from the rate increase and the continued benefit from a mix shift toward higher HSDs speed tiers and adoption of our Whole Home WiFi offerings.
Coupled with the return to it's growth in total revenues, adjusted EBITDA of $103.1 million was up 7.1% on a year-over-year basis. We discussed over the last several quarters that the investments in the business we made in 2018 would help to drive an inflection in 2019 and we are very pleased at how this has begun. Since, I joined WOW, our efforts to drive consistency are reflected in our vision. Connecting people to their world through the WOW experience by being reliable, easy, and pleasantly surprising every time.
In 2018, we did our reps to get fit, now as we build on and keep doing our reps in 2019, we are moving toward ready or reliable, easy and to always delight you. First quarter 2019 total revenue of $287.2 million was up 0.6% year-over-year. First quarter 2019, business services subscription revenue grew 7.3% year-over-year. We remain encouraged by the potential of our commercial business and expect it to continue to contribute to our overall growth.
Our ability to extend our network through Edge-Outs is a unique growth opportunity for WOW. As a result of the Edge-Out initiative, we've extended our network by more than 147,000 new homes passed as of March 31, 2019. The deployment of our Edge-Out homes have been and will continue to be a key driver of growth in subscribers and adjusted EBITDA for WOW.
We are very pleased with the first quarter 2019 financial results and the continued execution on churn and subscriber growth. We remain positive on our outlook for the remainder of the year, as we continue to drive toward our adjusted EBITDA guidance and a return to growth on a year-over-year basis. As we discussed during our fourth quarter conference call, we made the difficult decision to rationalize some of our care organization in Colorado Springs and our Chicago area due to reduced call volume.
During the first quarter, we have redeployed our resources into our Augusta, Georgia and West Point Georgia in market facilities with a lower cost structure, while also balancing outsourced benefits. So much of the success we experienced through 2018 around customer satisfaction and retention is driven by the efforts of our employees. And the steps, we've taken to improve employee satisfaction and engagement. These efforts continue to yield positive results in 2019.
First quarter 2019 start employing net promoter scores remain at the high levels we achieved throughout 2018. We also remain focused on removing bad volume from the business, which we define as unnecessary calls or truck roll from a customer perspective. The field and care teams under the leadership of our Chief Customer Experience Officer working alongside our IT Organization are focusing on ways to enable self care, reduced wait times and drive automation. All-in an effort to have fewer unnecessary truck rolls and call. We continue to see solid results from wowway.com. The percentage of connects coming through this channel is up substantially from the same period a year ago, prior to the relaunch.
Let me now share with you examples of how our teams are successfully working cross functionally. WOW have been chosen as the preferred service provider for Clift Farm, Northern Alabama's new urban community in Madison. Clift Farm will soon be transforming into a retail, dining, residential, office, multi-family and medical office space, catering to the growing and thriving community in Madison, Alabama. Additionally, in Ohio, WOW was recently named a 2019 top workplace by Columbus CEO Magazine for the second year in a row, improving our ranking by 15 spots over the prior year.
We are proud of the results posted in the first quarter of 2019. We remain focused on growing and maintaining subscriber relationships and building on our return to growth in adjusted EBITDA.
Now, I'll turn it over to Rich.
Richard E. Fish -- Chief Financial Officer
Thanks, Teresa. For the first quarter of 2019, we reported total revenues of $287.2 million and net income of $8.2 million. The first quarters total revenues of $287.2 million were up 0.6% on a year-over-year basis representing the second consecutive quarter whereby we've experienced year-over-year growth in quarterly revenue. First quarter 2019 adjusted EBITDA totaled $103.1 million, up 7.1% on a year-over-year basis and adjusted EBITDA margin in the first quarter increase to 35.9%, representing an improvement of over 200 basis points on a year-over-year basis. As a result of the beneficial impact from growth in HSD subscribers and business services subscription revenue, as well as lower operating expenses.
For the first quarter of 2019, we added 6,300 HSD RGUs, which included positive organic HSD RGU growth of 5,100, which represents the fifth straight quarter of positive organic HSD RGUs growth for WOW. As of March 31, 2019, total subscribers had increased by 14,000 or 1.8% over the March 31, 2018 total subscriber count from a year ago and total net HSD RGUs had increased by 22,000 or 3% over March 31, 2018 total net HSD RGUs, which represents the best annual growth in total subscribers and HSD RGUs in at least four years. Net video RGUs decreased by 8,100 during the first quarter of 2019, which represents the second best quarterly result for video RGUs in the last two years.
Total subscriber trends for the first quarter also demonstrated strong momentum with an increase in total subscribers of 4,600 during the first quarter of 2019. Business services subscription revenue totaled $33.7 million in the first quarter, a year-over-year increase of $2.3 million or 7.3%. As Teresa mentioned, we're excited about the continued success we've had in our Edge-Out footprint expansion investments. The Edge-Out nodes we started in 2016 of added a total of 41,700 new homes passed and we've achieved 33.6% penetration to date in these communities. The 2017 Edge-Out nodes have added to a total of 66,300 new homes passed and current penetration now stands at 27.5% on these projects.
The 2018 Edge-Out nodes have added 30,200 new homes passed, penetration continues to ramp which is now at 13.9%. And the Edge-Out nodes, we started during 2019 have already added 9,200 new homes passed at this point. We continue to see great momentum in Edge-Out projects and although, we expect to see some variability in both the pacing of the investments and the penetration percentages across not only individual projects, but yearly vintages as well because each project has different costs to build characteristics all Edge-Out projects, we've decided to pursue at attractive ROIs and are highly accretive.
Capital expenditures for the first quarter of 2019 totaled $66.0 million on a reported basis, of that amount $3.8 million was incurred toward the completion of the Chicago Fiber project, which will be reimbursed as elements for the final build out are completed. Additionally, $2.3 million was incurred toward the completion of the repair and rebuild of the Panama City Market following Hurricane Michael. Excluding the total $6.1 million attributable to the Chicago Fiber project and the Hurricane, transaction-adjusted capital expenditures for the first quarter of 2019 totaled $59.9 million, of that $15.1 million was incurred with respect to strategic investments. Excluding those $15.1 million of strategic capital investments transaction-adjusted capital expenditures totaled $44.8 million or 15.6% of first quarter 2019s total revenue.
With regard to liquidity and leverage, as of the end of the quarter, we had $16.9 million in cash on hand, outstanding debt totaling $2.329 billion and $220.5 million of undrawn revolver capacity. We continue to see sequential improvements in net leverage which came in at 5.48 times, as of March 31 on a trailing 12 month transaction adjusted EBITDA basis, which was down from 5.54 times at December 31, 2018. With anticipated year-over-year growth in quarterly transaction adjusted EBITDA throughout 2019, we expect to see leverage continue to decline throughout the year. With regard to our outlook for 2019, we reiterate the guidance we provided during our fourth quarter conference call in March.
As a reminder, we expect HSD RGU growth of between 30,000 and 40,000 RGUs and we expect total revenues to be between $1.155 billion and $1.165 billion. The seasonality associated with subscriber growth is expected to be more favorably weighted toward the second half of the year given the rate increase that we implemented in the first quarter of 2019 and the anticipated uptick in new related customer churn that we typically experienced during the second quarter of any given year. As the first quarter demonstrated, we expect to return to year-over-year growth in quarterly transaction adjusted EBITDA throughout the year and we expect transaction adjusted EBITDA for the full year 2019 to be between $430 million and $440 million.
So that concludes our prepared remarks. And I'll turn it back to the operator to open the call for questions.
Questions and Answers:
Operator
(Operator Instruction) Your first question comes from the line of Amy Yong from Macquarie. Please go ahead. Your line is open.
Amy Yong -- Macquarie Research -- Analyst
Thank you and good morning. Teresa I was wondering if you could talk a little bit about competition and I know a lot of your cable peers have been talking about the path to 10 gigs and I was just wondering where you are on that? And then maybe Rich, can you talk through cash taxes and then CapEx for this year and next year? Thank you.
Teresa Elder -- Chief Executive Officer and Director
Thanks, Amy. I appreciate, question. As you know, competition of course remains robust, but we really haven't seen a significant change in competitive behavior on the acquisition front. I think as broadband becomes more prevalent, we see competitors take a stronger stance on retention and that's had some impact on us. But we absolutely remain confident in our ability to gain subscribers because we have such a competitive product set and certainly our churn numbers which continue to set records are part of that.
As we look at the speeds that our customers need, as you know, we are the first operator who had 1 gig capacity in over 95% of our footprint. And we continue to look at the technology and what our customers need for the future and we'll always remain competitive at a good value for our customers.
Richard E. Fish -- Chief Financial Officer
Yeah. And with respect to CapEx and cash taxes, we expect that total transaction adjusted capital expenditures for the year will be between $245 million and $255 million. With respect to cash taxes, as you know, the Company has very, very significant federal net operating losses, so we do not expect to be a federal cash taxpayer of any significance for many, many years. As it relates to state taxes, we expect in any given year to spend between about $8 million to $10 million with respect to state income taxes. We do have state net operating losses, but in varying amounts, so that's the extent of the cash taxes that we expect.
Amy Yong -- Macquarie Research -- Analyst
Thank you.
Operator
Your next question comes from the line of Batya Levi from UBS. Please go ahead. Your line is open.
Batya levy -- UBS Investment Bank -- Analyst
Great. Thank you. Can you provide a little bit more color on the reception to the recent price increases. What percent of the base saw an increase and it looks like the video ARPU actually fell on a year-over-year basis what drove that? And that seems to be the driver for residential subscription revenues to be down year-on-year, how should we think about that trend for the rest of the year? Thank you.
Teresa Elder -- Chief Executive Officer and Director
Well, let me talk a little bit about ARPU overall. First of all, the rate increase was not the sole reason that we had a rise overall in ARPU, the data mix of speeds -- we see customers going to higher and higher speeds, which are at a higher ARPU. We also have been very pleased with our Whole Home WiFi sales, which adds to the ARPU. We continue to look at also the mix of video customers and the packages that they are buying. Rich, did you want to add anything to that?
Richard E. Fish -- Chief Financial Officer
Yeah. The only thing I would add to that Batya is with respect to the implementation of accounting, one of the accounting rules that was effective at the beginning of last year ASC 606. There is a constant reevaluation that is required of packages for customers that take bundled services. And then, there is a reallocation according -- in accordance with that pronouncement, that has the effect for us of moving some of the ARPU dollars out of the video, RGU category and moving them into HSD. So that is a little bit a slight amount of the impact, but that's also kind of in the mids.
Batya levy -- UBS Investment Bank -- Analyst
Okay. Maybe just a follow-up on that. If we look at it in -- on the aggregate basis, subscriber revenue per RGU that growth slows down a bit would you attribute most of that to (inaudible) or how should we think about going forward?
Well, total subscriber growth on the residential services at -- was slightly down on a year-over-year basis. We would attribute that primarily to continued efforts on to retain customers, as well as the impact that acquisition potentially has on the inbound customer relationships. But we don't expect for there to be significant downside risk in customer ARPU on a full customer basis backed for the reasons back to which Teresa referred to which is significant growth in HSD related customer ARPU from the uptick of speed taking -- customers taking higher speed tiers as well as the ancillary revenue opportunities that are provided through the addition of new add-on additional services similar to Whole Home WiFi and then the other similar products.
Thank you.
Operator
Your next question comes from the line of Zach Silver of B. Riley FBR. Please go ahead. Your line is open.
Zach Silver -- B. Riley FBR -- Analyst
Okay. Great. Thanks for taking the question. For Teresa, I think it was particularly notable that churn improved, the best in two years, even though you had a rate increase in the quarter. And I was wondering, if you could talk about, I guess give some more detail on what is driving that churn, is it the OpEx initiative that you guys did last year, is it a less promotional environment or is it maybe that the broadband subscribers are just staying for longer on -- not, not shifting around as much that would be very helpful? Thank you.
Teresa Elder -- Chief Executive Officer and Director
Thanks, Zack. Yes, we've had a very much of a focus on retaining our cherished customers with us. And I think it is all of the things that you mentioned and that's why customer retention is such a source of pride for us. We did many initiatives the last year in terms of improving our customer service, making our network more reliable, continuing to have packages that our customers feel are good value and provide the services they want, and also as we mentioned, launching products like Whole Home WiFi that makes the broadband experience that much better.
So I really think it was a combination of many initiatives we have that are just making our customers happier. We do see that there is a significant retention effort among our competitors as well. So we are especially proud that our customers are staying with us and we're continuing to win on acquisition as well.
Zach Silver -- B. Riley FBR -- Analyst
Got it. That's really helpful. And then one more if I could, just on the ARPU question, again, I know that you don't give a specific penetration metrics, but around the Whole Home WiFi, I mean, how far along do you think you are in getting customers to adopt that product and likewise with kind of speeds if there's anyway that you can sort of frame what percentage of customers are upgrading speeds or what your average speed tier is right now, that would be really helpful.
Richard E. Fish -- Chief Financial Officer
Thanks, Zach, You're right. We don't give out the specific percentages on those, but I can tell you that in terms of Whole Home WiFi, we feel like this launch has been extremely well received when we launched it last July. We sell into both new acquisition customers as well as our existing base and the sales and field teams, our technicians who go into the home also do a great job of upgrading our customers to this product. So, if we sell it at every chance we get. And we also receive virtually no care cause calls associated with this product. So it helps us on many fronts.
In terms of the speed, we see our customers continuing to move up into packages that are higher than they were before as they have new applications that they want to use and we bundle our speed packages together with Whole Home WiFi and video to make it more attractive for them and the customers seem to be responding well to that. So sorry, we don't give specific numbers on percentages or speed.
Zach Silver -- B. Riley FBR -- Analyst
No. That's great. That's really helpful. Thank you.
Operator
Your next question comes from the line James Ratcliffe from Evercore. Please go ahead. Your line is open.
James Ratcliffe -- Evercore ISI -- Analyst
Good morning. Thanks for taking the question. Two on costs, if I could, can you just give an idea of what's the sort of run rates you're seeing on programming cost increases are and there any opportunities to manage that in terms of the overall array of channel offerings you have? And secondly on the restructuring you've discussed in terms of customer service, have we seen impacts of that on the run rate cost on line items. I know we saw them -- it looks like there was an increase in restructuring costs in the quarter, I guess that's probably it and should we expect to see cost benefits going forward and what sort of magnitude? Thanks.
Richard E. Fish -- Chief Financial Officer
Yeah. With respect to the first question regarding programming, I think the right way to think about that on an annual basis is annual increases in reprogramming rates per subscriber to the tune of 8% to 9% per year. That obviously varies in any given year as those are generally multi-year contracts three to four year contract. So they have insight of them annual escalators, as well as at the expiration each of those agreements are obviously renegotiated, but the blended average that you should expect is that 8% to 9% increase over the year.
The second question is with respect to the non-recurring integration type expenses. There was an uptick in those in the first quarter of 2019, primarily driven from two things. Number one is, some of the severance expenses that were carried over from 2018, as well as the second component which was more impactful is really related to the one-time costs being incurred related to the initiatives to drive operational efficiencies like the optimization efforts that Teresa mentioned with respect to Colorado Springs and our Chicago location..
James Ratcliffe -- Evercore ISI -- Analyst
Great. And just to follow up on the previous questions, with the increases in prices we've seen from the OTT video providers and declines in their growth. How does that affect you because I could certainly see scenarios where our customers who have a bundled one if competitors and are looking to drop video that you pick up in addition they are if either switching to an over the top video product and taking your stand-alone broadband product, so is that what is the net impact to you of those price increases?
Teresa Elder -- Chief Executive Officer and Director
I think, in general, we are known as a very strong provider of our broadband or HSD product and we welcome customers if they want to bring their own over the top video, but we also provide our own linear video packages as well. So we have always been friendly to customers to adapt to what they want to do and we make it easy for them to switch to video if they want to add that or move up the speed to higher speeds if they want to stay with us on HSD. So we try to really work with our customers on what they want to do.
James Ratcliffe -- Evercore ISI -- Analyst
Great. Thank you.
Operator
Your next question comes from the line of Brian Russo from Credit Suisse. Please go ahead. Your line is open.
Brian Russo -- Credit Suisse -- Analyst
Hi. Two follow-ups if I could. The first for Teresa on the broadband customers just looking for a little bit more color there. Maybe you could help us with -- like, maybe what the most common speed taken by your customers is right now? And then maybe some kind of perspective on how churn is a little different in the profile of customers who take sort of your highest speed packages? That would be helpful.
And then, for Rich, the -- one of the questions was on kind of non-recurring or one-time items in their, your SG&A expenses were a little bit higher than the prior trends. I know, I was kind of assuming that, that's where some of those impacts showed up. But is that the case or should we think of what you reported in the first quarter is a decent run rate? And then last for Rich, it looks like you bought back a small number of shares in March. I guess, I thought your authorization was met previously. Can you just update us there and include some thoughts on capital turn? Thanks.
Teresa Elder -- Chief Executive Officer and Director
Okay. Well, I'll go ahead and start off here with the questions you had on the broadband customers and churn. So on the broadband customers, I think if you want to talk about the most prevalent speed that we have out there, it would probably be around 100 meg just because of the price point on that and for many customers who are checking Facebook and doing email that speed can work quite well. As customers move up, we see them using more applications and those are very sticky applications, I would say as well, which is a way to talk about reduction of churn and retention as you have many products associated with that.
And once again Whole Home WiFi, I think also is one that just enhances the whole experience and gives the customer no reason to want to ever change. We also recently launched a 10 -- 200 megabit tier as well, that has been very attractive to customers, gives them a little bit more speed and takes care of many of their options that they need and that one is been very popular as well. But certainly we run the gamut of customers who fully utilize the 1 gig offerings as well.
Richard E. Fish -- Chief Financial Officer
And then with respect to the two questions, as it relates to the cost question. You're correct. The expenses that I referred to that are of the onetime kind of non-recurring nature we refer to them as integration expenses. They actually -- you actually see them as a component of SG&A or operating expenses on the face of the company's financial statements. They are pulled out of those two respective categories and identified separately as the integration expenses.
With respect to your second question, we did not rebuy -- repurchase any stock during the quarter. I believe probably what -- in a traditional sense, I believe what you're referring to and you might be seeing as it related to the vesting of employee restricted stock units. The Company maintains a net satisfaction delivery process as it relates to those shares that vest such that the amount of shares that are delivered to the employee that had vested during the period are delivered net of the tax consequence in doing so. So those shows -- those shares, excuse me, show up as addition to treasury stock if you will. And that's most likely what you're seeing.
Brian Russo -- Credit Suisse -- Analyst
Gotcha. Thank you very much.
Operator
Your next question comes from the line of Brandon Nispel from KeyBanc Capital Markets. Please go ahead. Your line is open.
Brandon Nispel -- KeyBanc Capital Markets -- Analyst
Hi. Good morning. Thank you for taking the questions. Maybe a question, it looks like a good amount of the EBITDA piece for the quarter came from video costs. I think you had mentioned that you expected an $8 million to $9 million increase sequentially into this first quarter. But I guess what I'm wondering is it safe to assume that there should not be much, but difference between 2019 video expense trends versus what you fixed historically seen? That's question one.
Question two, Teresa is the vision for the Company, as you see it to be more of a cable Company i.e. one that's offering the bundle or do you see this Company focusing more and more on connectivity services such as broadband and business services going forward? Thanks.
Teresa Elder -- Chief Executive Officer and Director
Yeah. Let Rich answer the video question first, Brandon and then I'll talk about the vision.
Richard E. Fish -- Chief Financial Officer
Yeah. I think the video costs occurred sequentially there's an annual increase that coming out of the fourth quarter into Q1 of any given year programming expenses are pursuant to the programming agreements the rate increases from the video content providers go into effect January 1, so that is really the primary driver and the Company's cost structure on a sequential basis from 4Q into 1Q. So that --
Lucas Binder -- Vice President Corporate Development and Investor Relations
And they were -- Brandon, they were flat year-over-year.
Richard E. Fish -- Chief Financial Officer
Right.
Lucas Binder -- Vice President Corporate Development and Investor Relations
But some of the other contributors to increased costs sequentially were like we've said that the video costs as well as marketing spend resets as well as we're going to scroll resets as well. So those are the contributors to why we're expecting some of this sequential -- to what drove that sequential decline.
Teresa Elder -- Chief Executive Officer and Director
And Brandon to your question about the vision, we really view ourselves as a customer focused Company that is all about increasing our customer relationships. So we look at the overall subscriber base and how we can keep and grow that subscriber base, whether it is in our broadband or in packages and continuing to offer our customers what they want in a profitable way. So we are not just focused on broadband although, we definitely put that at the forefront of our business. We also offered the video bundle because our customers want those services from us and we make sure that we offer them a good value for that, while also profitable to us.
As you mentioned, we also very much focused on our commercial business as well and see that as one of the key drivers for the future, along with our Edge-Out properties where we can continue to launch into new business and residential services in areas that are very attractive to us where customers want an alternative to the incumbent providers. And I think that's why in the Edge-Out areas especially we continue to see phenomenal rates of return on those investments.
Brandon Nispel -- KeyBanc Capital Markets -- Analyst
Great. Thank you.
Operator
And we have no further questions in our queue at this time. Mr. Binder, I'll turn it over to you for closing remarks.
Teresa Elder -- Chief Executive Officer and Director
I'll go ahead and close it Christa. Thank you so much. We appreciate you all joining us this morning. Thank you so much for your continued interest and support of our business at WOW. So have a great day.
Operator
This concludes today's conference call. Thank you for your participation and you may now disconnect. Have a great day.
Duration: 38 minutes
Call participants:
Lucas Binder -- Vice President Corporate Development and Investor Relations
Teresa Elder -- Chief Executive Officer and Director
Richard E. Fish -- Chief Financial Officer
Amy Yong -- Macquarie Research -- Analyst
Batya levy -- UBS Investment Bank -- Analyst
Zach Silver -- B. Riley FBR -- Analyst
James Ratcliffe -- Evercore ISI -- Analyst
Brian Russo -- Credit Suisse -- Analyst
Brandon Nispel -- KeyBanc Capital Markets -- Analyst
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