Deutsche Bank Aktiengesellschaft (NYSE:DB) Q4 2023 Earnings Call Transcript
Deutsche Bank Aktiengesellschaft (NYSE:DB) Q4 2023 Earnings Call Transcript February 1, 2024
Deutsche Bank Aktiengesellschaft isn’t one of the 30 most popular stocks among hedge funds at the end of the third quarter (see the details here).
Ioana Patriniche: Thank you for joining us for our Fourth Quarter and Full Year 2023 Preliminary Results Call. As usual, our Chief Executive Officer, Christian Sewing, will speak first; followed by our Chief Financial Officer, James von Moltke. The presentation, as always, is available to download in the Investor Relations section of our website, db.com. Before we get started, let me just remind you that the presentation contains forward-looking statements, which may not develop as we currently expect. We therefore ask you to take notice of the precautionary warning at the end of our materials. With that, let me hand over to Christian.
Christian Sewing: Thank you, Ioana, and a warm welcome from me. It's a pleasure to be discussing our results with you today. We have set Deutsche Bank's course for sustainable growth and returns for shareholders through our Global Hausbank strategy and 2023 saw clear progress. We delivered business growth, as the benefits of our sharpened business model came through. We grew revenues to around €29 billion with a growth rate of close to 7% per year since 2021, well above our initial target, and we are now raising our revenue growth target to 5.5% to 6.5%, with the aim of reaching revenues of around €32 billion by 2025. We made conscious investment decisions to protect and grow our franchise by driving business growth, strengthening controls and improving operational efficiency.We have now reached an inflection point on costs; our investments are approaching completion, and we are making solid progress on our efficiency program.
As a result, we now see ourselves delivering normalized operating and financial performance. This reinforces our confidence that we will deliver on our target run rate of around €5 billion per quarter for adjusted costs, including the first quarter of this year. Our guidance for the full year 2025 non-interest rate expenses remains unchanged, at around €20 billion. We again demonstrated our resilience, with high-quality risk management and our strong capital and balance sheet. All of this leaves us highly confident that we will meet our 2025 financial targets. Furthermore, we are increasing our capital distributions, as rewarding our shareholders is our priority. We increased both dividends and share buybacks by 50% compared to 2022. We plan to propose a dividend of $0.45 per share at the AGM, approximately €900 million in total, for the financial year 2023; and we have regulatory approval for a further €675 million in share buybacks, which we intend to complete in the first half of 2024.
And our raised capital outlook, which we outlined last quarter, has created scope to accelerate and expand distributions further. We now expect to significantly outperform our original €8 billion target for the financial years 2021 through 2025; and we would consider proposing a dividend of €1 per share in respect of 2025, subject to our 50% payout ratio. Let’s first discuss business growth, starting with our 2023 revenue performance on Slide 2. We delivered sustained growth and improved quality of earnings streams with a well-balanced business mix. Revenues were in line with our guidance, at around €29 billion, up 6% year-on-year. 78% of our revenues came from recurring earnings streams, up from 71% in 2020. We benefitted from rising interest rates, notably in the Corporate Bank and Private Bank.
We also focused on building out our fee business across all businesses and here let me give you a few examples. In the Corporate Bank, we developed innovative products, hired relationship managers in strategic areas, and deepened relationships with key clients. This was already evidenced by the growth in fee income in the fourth quarter. We also added senior bankers in client-facing areas in International Private Bank and the Investment Bank, and completed the acquisition of Numis. We attracted net inflows of €57 billion across the Private Bank and Asset Management, which helped to grow Assets under Management by €115 billion, to €1.5 trillion. Our progress in strengthening our franchise has been recognized with upgrades from the leading rating agencies, which further positions us well to deepen engagement with current and new clients.
Now let’s look ahead at our revenue pathway to 2025 on Slide 3. Since 2021, we have demonstrated revenue momentum well ahead of our original target growth rate, due in part to a supportive interest rate environment. We are confident that as interest rates normalize, we can maintain a solid revenue trajectory. And this is supported by the expected growth in noninterest income, which already accounts for more than half of Group revenues, and our investments in capital light activities. Based on this, we are raising our revenue target from between 3.5% and 4.5% to between 5.5% and 6.5%, for the period 2021 through 2025, aiming to reach around €32 billion in 2025. We expect non-interest income growth to contribute approximately 2.5 percentage points to the targeted compound annual growth between 2021 and 2025.
And this is achievable through a number of levers: growing share of wallet in the Corporate Bank; reaping the benefits of investments in Origination & Advisory; building on our recent strong relative performance in our FIC business; expanding fee-generating businesses in the Private Bank; benefitting from investments and growing capital-light lending businesses; delivering on our growth strategies, including Passive; and taking full advantage of market recovery, in Asset Management. Additionally, across both the Private Bank and Asset Management, we aim to convert 2023’s net inflows and growth in assets under management into revenues. In respect of net interest income growth, we expect it to contribute approximately four percentage points to the targeted compound annual growth between 2021 and 2025.
This reflects a normalization in 2024, followed by further growth in 2025 and beyond, and James will expand on this shortly. Let me now take you through additional details on how we plan to grow non-interest revenues on Slide 4. In the Corporate Bank, we already have stable sources of fee income from our payments business, trade finance offering, custody business as well as trust and agency services. We have invested into our payment platforms and enhancing sector-specific coverage teams. In terms of products, we also continue our investments into fee generating Merchant Solutions and Digital Asset Custody to support future fee growth. We are accelerating the cross-divisional solution offering, for example, FX, hedging and risk management products, and we are helping corporates with their sustainability transition.
In the Investment Bank, we have one of the leading FIC platforms, with around 35% of revenues coming from our Financing business. We have consistently said that we aim to grow Financing and FIC trading activities by developing the existing businesses, growing our Americas footprint and increasing client penetration. In O&A, revenues saw a low point in 2022; we expect fees to be driven, this year and next, by some market recovery combined with the benefits of our investments. We hired strategically across many sectors and acquired Numis to create a leading position in the UK. All this will help us to deepen and broaden our client relationships and further develop our ESG capabilities. In the Private Bank we aim to grow revenues from investment products at around 10% per year over the next years.
We are confident we can achieve this, given our strong asset generation, investments in hiring in the international franchise, and enhancement of digital channels. We will also expand our Lombard lending business in Wealth Management and the Bank for Entrepreneurs. In addition to our focus on Germany, we are intensifying our business development in growing markets such as Asia and the Middle East. In Asset Management, to give you a few examples on our growth initiatives. We are building on Xtrackers momentum via product innovation and we are expanding internationally. Within Alternatives, we want to focus on Credit in Europe and Real Estate Debt in the U.S., and we will be strengthening fixed income and multi asset capabilities to increase potential for scaling up.
And I’m encouraged by the start we’ve had in January so far, with revenue performance that supports this trajectory. Now let me turn to operating efficiency on Slide 5. Our 2023 cost base was impacted by inflation, business growth and investments to accelerate execution of our Global Hausbank strategy on three dimensions, improving operational efficiency, growing sustainable revenues, and strengthening our control environment. About €400 million of these additional investments are nonrecurring and mainly related to improvements of our operational efficiency, severance charges for targeted reductions in senior non-client facing roles and real estate one-offs. We also recognized an impairment of goodwill related to Numis. Some of these non-recurring items arose in the fourth quarter, alongside other exceptional items which James will discuss shortly.
We also made business investments of €200 million which will remain in our run-rate. We saw incremental savings of around €340 million from our operational efficiency measures this year. These will more than offset the run-rate impact of the investments, which reflects our approach of self-funding our investments. On business growth, we have invested in capital-light businesses, as we just discussed. On controls, we further strengthened key functions with the addition of around 1,000 dedicated professionals across all regions to ensure thought leadership and increased dedicated spending to around €1.2 billion in 2023. Our investments over the years have materially improved our controls. For example, we have built automated tools into our KYC controls, to dynamically review client activity and tighten quality control standards.
We have significantly upgraded our core control applications, for example, we successfully migrated our Euro clearing business onto a new strategic transaction monitoring platform. We made material strides in re-engineering processes front-to-back and the progress so far has made our bank safer. As our remediation work across key regulatory programs is anticipated to approach completion, we expect our focus during 2024 to gradually shift from remediation to a sustainable business as usual risk management. We also continued to put longstanding legal matters behind us in 2023, and we expect to see the benefits of our improved operating model coming through from 2024. We believe these investments will positively impact operating leverage, by boosting revenue growth while keeping costs essentially stable to 2022 levels, as we set out on Slide 6.
We see a clear path to costs of approximately €20 billion in 2025. Over the next two years, our aim is to drive reductions across both non-operating costs and our adjusted cost base, by managing our run rate and driving efficiency measures. We foresee reductions in non-operating costs of around €700 million from 2023 levels in the next two years. The €233 million impairment of goodwill relating to Numis is now behind us, and we see restructuring and severance charges coming down by around €400 million from 2023 levels. On adjusted costs, as we have already communicated, we see bank levies coming down by between €350 million and €400 million over the next two years. The additional €400 million net reduction will come from further progress on our operational efficiency program, so let me give you some additional detail on where we stand with our €2.5 billion efficiency measures.
We have already executed on measures with delivered or expected savings of €1.3 billion, of which around €900 million of savings were realized to date. The residual savings of €1.6 billion are as follows: on Germany optimization, we anticipate savings of around €600 million, reflecting our strategic ambition to increase profitability in our core home market. On technology and infrastructure, we anticipate roughly €700 million of savings from a number of items, including application decommissioning and other operating model improvements. And finally, on front-to-back process re-design, we anticipate about €300 million from simplified workflows and automation. Included in these measures is the reduction of 3,500 roles, mainly in non-client facing areas.
The vast majority of these measures will be in our 2025 run-rate. With that, we have material capacity to more than offset inflation and the impact from our business growth plans. Our detailed implementation roadmap gives us confidence in delivering non-interest expenses of approximately €20 billion in 2025, giving us a clear pathway to our cost/income ratio target of 62.5%. We’re conscious that we’re operating in a fast-changing environment. Our path towards 2025 may be impacted by external factors, and we have taken this into account. We have the toolkit in place to implement additional measures which would enable us to further flex our cost base to meet our cost/income ratio target, even if we see unforeseen revenue headwinds. Now let me turn to capital, liquidity and risk management on Slide 7.
In 2023, we proved our resilience in a challenging environment. We demonstrated first-class risk management, with a high-quality and well-diversified loan book, supported by multiple risk mitigants. Our provision for credit losses was 31 basis points of average loans, marginally above guidance range and also reflecting overlay changes applied in the fourth quarter. Liquidity has remained very robust, and with substantial buffers above required levels. In addition, our balance sheet is strong. We have a large and healthy diversified deposit base, mainly in our domestic market. Furthermore, we demonstrated strong capital management; we ended the year with a robust CET1 ratio, at 13.7%. Now let me turn to our plans for distributions to shareholders on Slide 8.
Our strong organic capital generation and disciplined capital management, allowed us both to digest the significant regulatory inflation of the last two years, and support our business growth, while still being in a position to distribute around 30% of our net income to shareholders. Consistent with prior guidance, we now see scope to shift gears on capital distributions and to increase shareholder distributions to 50% of net income to shareholders from the full year 2024. In October, we set out plans to accelerate and expand our distributions, having raised our capital outlook by around €3 billion through 2025. With the distributions announced today and our positive capital outlook, we are on track to significantly outperform against our original distribution target.
Let me conclude with a few words on our strategy, on Slide 9. We have seen rising uncertainties, in the global economy and across the geopolitical landscape, since we launched our Global Hausbank strategy early in 2022. These developments prove that our strategy is the right one for our clients and for Deutsche Bank. We have seen, more than ever, that clients want and need a partner with the expertise, product breadth and global network to help them navigate a more uncertain environment. A European partner, capable of helping and advising them across the world. The progress we have made, on all key dimensions, gives us a clear path to our 2025 targets. Having sharpened our business model, we have raised our revenue targets and made focused investments to boost revenues further, especially all in capital light businesses and we’re seizing the opportunities offered by our technology investments to expand our digital offering to clients.
We have already completed operational efficiency measures, which take us around halfway towards our €2.5 billion target. And we’re well positioned to increase our goals for capital distributions to shareholders through 2025. With that, let me hand over to James.
James von Moltke: Thank you, Christian. Let me start with a few key performance indicators on Slide 11, and place them in the context of our 2025 targets. Christian outlined our business momentum and well-balanced revenue mix, which resulted in revenue growth of 6.6% on a compound basis for the last two years, relative to 2021. This performance puts us well on track to deliver revenue growth in line with our new target. Our strong franchise growth led to a 10 percentage point improvement in the cost/income ratio to 75% against 2021, with the last two years being pivotal investment years. Our return on tangible equity was 7.4% in the full year of 2023, including a benefit from deferred tax asset valuation. Our capital position remained strong with the CET1 ratio at 13.7% at year-end after absorbing regulatory headwinds.
Our liquidity metrics also remained strong; LCR was 140%, above our target of around 130%, and the net stable funding ratio was 122%. In short, our performance in the period reaffirms our resilience and our confidence in reaching our 2025 targets. With that, let me turn to the fourth quarter highlights on Slide 12. Group revenues were €6.7 billion, up 5% on the fourth quarter of 2022 or 10% excluding specific items. Non-interest expenses were €5.5 billion, up 5% year-on-year. Non-operating expenses were down by 45% compared to the prior year period, mainly reflecting a release of litigation provisions. At the same time, we booked items related to strategy execution, including the impairments of goodwill and other intangibles of around €230 million, and restructuring and severance provisions of nearly €200 million.
We generated a profit before tax of €698 million, down 10% year-on-year, which mainly reflects the increase in adjusted costs and the non-repeat of the gain on the sale reported in the prior year quarter. Net profit of €1.4 billion was down 28% year-on-year, reflecting a lower DTA valuation adjustment compared to the prior year quarter. Our cost/income ratio was 82% and our post-tax return on average tangible common equity was 8.8% in the quarter. Diluted earnings per share was €0.67 in the fourth quarter and tangible book value per share was €28.41, up 6% year-on-year. Let me now turn to some of the drivers of these results. Let me start with a review of our net interest income on Slide 13, which also provides an outlook for the next two years.
The numbers are based on market expectations for interest rates as of 26th January this year. Our reported net interest income of €13.6 billion was broadly stable for the group in 2023 compared to the prior year, but that does not reflect the economic contribution to group revenues due to significant moves in accounting effects, which are offset in non-interest revenues. Focusing on our three key NII generating business units, as well as other funding costs not offset by accounting effects, we see an improvement of just over €2 billion and a cumulative benefit since 2021 of over €4 billion. Looking ahead on the same basis, we expect a decline of around €600 million in 2024, driven by the convergence of betas to steady state levels. We expect this to be followed by an increase of around €400 million in 2025, which brings us close to 2023 NII levels, as the beta convergence is largely offset by the rollover of our hedge portfolios as well as balance sheet growth.
In line with prior guidance, we expect a larger sequential reduction in the Corporate Bank than in the Private Bank in 2024. We expect a sequential improvement excluding accounting asymmetries in the Corporate & Other division of around €300 million relating to reduced funding costs for corporate assets and lower retained liquidity and other funding costs. We prepared additional slides on NII which are in appendix but the key messages I want to highlight are that: We have around €230 billion of long-term interest rate hedges on our deposits and equity. The majority of these hedges are entered into with a 10-year tenor and the weighted average maturity of the portfolio is four to five years. We expect €2.5 billion of NII from interest rate hedges in 2024, of which more than 90% is locked in with existing positions.
Once deposit betas have converged to steady state levels, our NII sensitivity will mostly be to long-term rates, as our hedge portfolio rolls over with limited sensitivity to short-term rates unless moves are sharp enough to re-introduce beta lags or approach the zero bound. We may outperform this guidance if market expectations regarding rate cuts do not fully materialize or deposit betas increase more slowly than expected. With that, let’s turn to adjusted cost development, on Slide 14. First, our guidance for full year 2023 adjusted costs was essentially flat compared to 2022, as we absorbed the impacts from inflation, ongoing investments and business growth, which Christian discussed earlier. We made it clear that this guidance included an expectation that the German banking industry would receive a restitution payment from a national resolution fund in the fourth quarter.
And as we announced in our pre-close document, this payment was not included in the recently announced budget. While our full year adjusted costs were up 3% year-on-year, in line with our guidance, the fourth quarter adjusted costs of €5.3 billion were up 9% year-on-year, higher than the initial expectations. We had around €210 million of exceptional items in the fourth quarter resulting in adjusted costs excluding bank levies of €5.26 billion. About €90 million of these exceptional items are not expected to repeat in the following quarters. About €35 million of costs related to Private Bank service remediation are expected to taper off over time and around €80 million of other costs should normalize. Reflecting on the nature of these exceptional items and considering savings coming through from efficiency measures, we expect to return to a run-rate of around €5 billion in the first quarter of this year.
Let’s now turn to provision for credit losses on Slide 15. Provision for credit losses in the fourth quarter was €488 million, equivalent to 41 basis points of average loans. The quarter-on-quarter development in Stage 1 and Stage 2 provisions of €30 million mainly reflects the non-recurrence of model related adjustments in the previous quarter and the application of an overlay in this quarter. Stage 3 provisions of €457 million were also higher compared to the prior quarter as we saw elevated levels mainly in the Private Bank and Corporate Bank, partly offset by a provision reduction in the Investment Bank. Full year provisions were 31 basis points and reflect higher Stage 3 provisions related to commercial real estate in the Investment Bank and certain one-offs in the Private Bank, partly offset by lower Stage 1 and Stage 2 provisions, as well as a slower-than-expected loan growth.
Before we move to performance in our businesses, let me turn to capital on the next two slides, starting with Slide 16. Our fourth quarter Common Equity Tier 1 ratio came in at 13.7%, a 20 basis points decrease compared to the previous quarter. This quarter-on-quarter reduction reflect lower capital as our net income was more than offset by capital deductions, most notably for shareholder dividends, AT1 coupons and deferred tax assets. Risk weighted assets were flat over the quarter. Credit risk RWA increased over the quarter reflecting business growth and model changes. These increases were partly offset by capital optimization initiatives as we continue to focus on the capital efficiency of our balance sheet. Lower market risk and operational risk RWA more than offset higher credit risk RWA over the quarter, reflecting lower market volatility and an improved risk profile.
At the end of the fourth quarter our leverage ratio was 4.5%, reflecting a lower capital position and higher leverage exposure. Building on Christian’s earlier comments on the inflection point in our capital base on Slide 17. Let me give you a view how we want to manage our capital through 2025, as our profitability is improving and delivering more sustainable net income. First, in line with our ambition, we want to pay out 50% of net income to our shareholders. Second, we will aim to deploy about 25% of net income into the businesses to support further growth. Finally, we expect the remaining 25% will provide us with a buffer for additional capital use, the final implementation of CRR3 and further distributions, acquisitions or an increase in our capital ratio.
Let me also give you an update on our capital efficiency program. In the fourth quarter we delivered RWA relief of a further €3 billion, mainly from additional securitizations, which brings the achieved reduction to €13 billion, and means we remain on course for our €25 billion to €30 billion target, and we aim to deliver further progress in 2024. Let me give you some more details on our intentions regarding shareholder distributions. In March 2022, we set a goal to increase dividends per share by 50% for three consecutive years, which we are on track to deliver. As the slide indicates, subject to a 50% pay-out ratio, we believe there will be scope to extend the 50% increase objective to 2025, suggesting a dividend of €1 per share could be paid in 2026.
This would bring the total dividend payments over the five-year period to over €5 billion. At the same time, we are continuing to increase share buybacks. And as Christian mentioned, we will execute a further €675 million program in the first half of 2024, which is again a 50% increase on the buyback program we completed last year. Finally, given our strong capital and earnings outlook, we see significant scope for further share buybacks and therefore a clear path to outperform our original distribution target of €8 billion. Let’s now turn to performance in our businesses, starting with the Corporate Bank on Slide 20. Corporate Bank revenues in the fourth quarter were €1.9 billion, 9% higher compared to a prior year quarter, which already reflected the early stages of the interest rate cycle.
The interest rate environment remained favorable, with revenues further supported by the continued pricing discipline, a solid deposit base and higher commission and fee income. Sequentially, revenues increased slightly, driven by higher net interest income from higher average balances with corporate and institutional clients and higher commission and fee income in our Institutional Client Services business. We continue to anticipate a normalization of our deposit revenues over the coming quarters which we expect to be partially offset by growing non-interest-rate-sensitive revenue streams. Loan volume in the Corporate Bank declined by €5 billion compared to the prior year quarter and remained stable sequentially, compensating for the impact of FX movements.
Deposits were €289 billion, €3 billion higher than in the third quarter with an increased share of term deposit balances compared to the prior year. Provision for credit losses was 26 basis points of average loans. The moderate increase versus the prior year was driven by higher Stage 3 provisions across various portfolios. Noninterest expenses significantly increased year on year, driven by the FDIC special assessment charge in the current quarter and adjustments to the internal service cost allocations in the prior year quarter. This resulted in a post-tax return on tangible equity of 15% and a cost/income ratio of 60%. I’ll now turn to the Investment Bank on Slide 21. Revenues for the fourth quarter were 10% higher year on year on a reported basis and 8% higher excluding specific items.
Revenues in FIC Sales & Trading increased by 1% versus an already strong prior year quarter and represented the highest fourth quarter revenues since 2010. Credit Trading revenues were significantly higher driven by continued strong performance in Distressed and ongoing improvements in the Flow business. The performance of Flow reflects the successful execution of our strategic initiatives and the investments made through 2023. Emerging Markets revenues were also significantly higher driven by increased client activity in Asia. Financing revenues were slightly lower versus the prior year quarter, but essentially flat on a full year basis. Rates and Foreign Exchange revenues were both significantly lower when compared to a very strong prior year quarter and reflected an overall decline in market activity and volatility.
Moving to Origination & Advisory, revenues were up 56% when compared to the prior year quarter but down slightly sequentially due to deal slippage into the first quarter of 2024. Debt origination revenues were significantly higher benefitting from an improved LDCM performance, including the non-repeat of hedge losses in the prior year quarter. The leveraged loan market saw a partial recovery from a market that was largely inactive in the prior year. Advisory revenues were slightly lower compared to the prior year period. However, we expect the previously communicated investments into targeted sectors and regions during 2023 to drive improved performance this year against an improving industry backdrop. Non-interest expenses were significantly higher year-on-year, largely the result of a one-off impairment of goodwill related to our investment in the acquisition of Numis.
Adjusted costs were slightly higher reflecting targeted investments in Origination & Advisory, which includes the Numis acquisition. Leverage exposure, risk-weighted assets and loans were all broadly stable year-on-year. Provision for credit losses was €186 million or 73 basis points of average loans. The increase versus the prior year quarter was primarily driven by the model impact on Stage 1 and 2 performing loans, with Stage 3 impairments also higher and primarily driven by Commercial Real Estate. Turning to the Private Bank on Slide 22. Private Bank revenues were €2.4 billion in the quarter, up 9% year-on-year if adjusted for the gain on sale of around €310 million related to the Financials Advisors business in Italy last year. Private Bank Germany revenues increased by 10% year-on-year mainly driven by interest income, reflecting strong deposit margins.
In the International Private Bank revenues were up 9% year-on-year if adjusted for specific items and FX movements. The growth was driven by episodic revenues in lending, and higher deposit revenues across Europe and Middle East, which were partially offset by continued muted capital market activity and client deleveraging in APAC. Turning to costs, non-interest expenses were significantly higher year-on-year driven by approximately €100 million of restructuring and severance costs as well as investments in strategic initiatives, Postbank service remediation costs and inflation. These were partly mitigated by continued savings from transformation programs and lower internal cost allocations. Fourth quarter provisions for credit losses of 30 basis points of average loans continue to reflect temporary effects caused by the operational backlog.
The development of the overall portfolio continuously reflects the high quality of the loan book, especially in the retail businesses, and ongoing tight risk discipline. The business attracted strong net inflow into asset under management of €7 billion mainly in deposits. Let me continue with Asset Management on Slide 23. My usual reminder, the Asset Management segment includes certain items that are not part of the DWS stand-alone financials. Assets under management increased to €896 billion in the quarter, supported by net inflows and positive market appreciation of €40 billion, partly offset by negative FX effects. Net inflows of €11 billion were primarily in Passive once again, continuing the positive momentum we have seen throughout the year, as well as in Cash products.
Revenues declined by 5% versus the prior year. This was primarily the result of a decline in management fees to €575 million. Other revenues declined due to lower investment income and higher funding charges. Compensation and benefits costs were higher mainly driven by a change in accounting treatment related to carried interest in the prior year quarter, partly offset by lower other variable compensation. Non-compensation costs were also higher, reflecting support for transformation and costs related to growth in assets under management. In the prior year period non-operating costs included a significant impairment charge for an unamortized intangible asset which is not repeated this year. Profit before tax is significantly lower than the prior year period, mainly impacted by lower revenues.
The cost/income ratio for the quarter was 81% and return on tangible equity was 7.1%. Moving to Corporate & Other on Slide 24. Corporate & Other reported a pre-tax loss of €14 million this quarter, versus the equivalent pre-tax loss of €535 million in the fourth quarter of 2022. This improvement was primarily driven by a net litigation release of €287 million in this quarter. Valuation and timing differences were positive €142 million compared to €48 million in the prior year quarter, in part driven by the reversal of prior year losses. The pre-tax profit associated with legacy portfolios was €75 million, primarily reflecting the aforementioned litigation release. Funding and liquidity impacts were negative €111 million in the quarter, bringing the full year in line with our guidance.
Expenses associated with shareholder activities were €147 million in the quarter which we see as the new quarterly run rate. At the end of the fourth quarter, risk weighted assets were €40 billion, including €19 billion of operational risk RWA, and leverage exposure was €39 billion. For the full year, the loss before tax in C&O was €553 million. Looking into 2024, we expect the pre-tax loss for Corporate and Other to be more negative, given the non-repeat of the aforementioned litigation release. As usual this includes some uncertainty, particularly associated with Valuation and Timing differences. Turning to the Group outlook on Slide 25. As Christian and I have outlined, we are increasingly confident in our growth path, particularly in our ambitions to grow fee income across divisions.
We have revised our revenue growth target to 5.5% to 6.5% over the 2021 to 2025 period, supported by investments across all business areas and a more favorable economic and market backdrop. We are fully focused on delivering our cost plan and we see our noninterest expenses reducing due to the non-repeat of certain nonoperating costs, as well as management actions to maintain our targeted quarterly run-rate of €5 billion of adjusted costs. We expect provisions for credit losses to remain at around 25 to 30 basis points of average loans in 2024. As we outlined last quarter, we have passed an inflection point in our capital management plan which supports our intention to distribute roughly half of our generated net income to shareholders, which, alongside with cost management, is our key management priority.
And finally, with our first half €675 million share buyback approved, we are poised to further accelerate distributions beyond our baseline expectations. With that, let me hand back to Ioana and we look forward to your questions.
Ioana Patriniche: Thank you, James. Operator, we are now ready to take questions.
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