Q2 2023 Navient Corp Earnings Call
Participants
David L. Yowan; President, CEO & Director; Navient Corporation
Jen Earyes; Head of IR; Navient Corporation
Joe Fisher; Executive VP, CFO & Principal Accounting Officer; Navient Corporation
Courtney Elizabeth Bahlman; Research Analyst; Barclays Bank PLC, Research Division
Giuliano Jude Anderes Bologna; Research Analyst; Compass Point Research & Trading, LLC, Research Division
Jeffrey David Adelson; Research Associate; Morgan Stanley, Research Division
Richard Barry Shane; Senior Equity Analyst; JPMorgan Chase & Co, Research Division
Sanjay Harkishin Sakhrani; MD; Keefe, Bruyette, & Woods, Inc., Research Division
William Haraway Ryan; Senior Analyst; Seaport Research Partners
Presentation
Operator
Good day, and thank you for standing by. Welcome to the Navient Second Quarter 2023 Earnings Call. (Operator Instructions) Please be advised that today's conference is being recorded.
I would now like to hand the conference over to your speaker today, Jen Earyes, Vice President, Investor Relations. Please go ahead.
Jen Earyes
Thank you, Shannon. Hello, good morning, and welcome to Navient's earnings call for the second quarter of 2023. With me today are Dave Yowan, Navient CEO; and Joe Fisher, Navient CFO. After their prepared remarks, we will open the call up for questions. You can view and download presentation slides, including slides you may find useful during this call, on Navient.com/investors.
But before we begin, keep in mind our discussion will contain predictions, expectations, forward-looking statements and other information about our business that is based on management's current expectations as of the date of this presentation. Actual results in the future may be materially different from those discussed here. This could be due to a variety of factors. Listeners should refer to the discussion of those factors on the company's Form 10-K and other filings with the SEC.
During this conference call, we will refer to non-GAAP financial measures, including core earnings, adjusted tangible equity ratio and other various non-GAAP financial measures that are also derived from core earnings. Our GAAP results and description of our non-GAAP financial measures can be found in the second quarter 2023 supplemental earnings disclosure, which is also posted on Navient.com/investors. You will find more information about these measures beginning on Page 18 of Navient's second quarter 2023 earnings release. There is also a full reconciliation of core earnings to GAAP included in the disclosure.
Thank you, and I will now turn the call over to Dave.
David L. Yowan
Thanks, Jen. Good morning, everyone. Thank you for joining the call and for your interest in Navient. I want to begin with thanks to my new colleagues, Team Navient, for the open and warm welcome they've provided me since I assumed this role. As most of you know, about halfway through the second quarter, I transitioned from a member of Navient's Board of Directors to the role of Navient CEO. And with little more than 10 weeks under my belt, I can share that many of the views I held about Navient as a board member have been reaffirmed. Mainly, I found a strong foundation of assets and capabilities and a talented group of people. I'd also become more familiar with the great work well underway to simplify the business, reduce risk and improve efficiency. These activities remain full steam ahead.
On today's call, I plan to spend some time sharing my perspectives on Navient, specifically where and why I see value in the company today and our future potential. And I also want to share with you some information on the work we are undertaking to deliver more of that value to our shareholders. As we communicated when I was appointed in May, the Board and I shared our view that it was the right time to explore and consider change. As such, I'm currently undertaking an in-depth and holistic review of our business with the goal of identifying a range of alternative opportunities to deliver greater value to our shareholders. The Board and I have a sense of urgency around this review, but also intend to be comprehensive in our analysis and thoughtful about any decisions and actions we may take. At this early point in this journey, it's too soon to report any observations or sense of direction from the review. I look forward to keeping you informed as we move through the process.
Turning now to my current views of the business. Let me start with Slide 2. As a quick refresher, for those who might be newer to the organization, Navient is organized around 3 business segments: the Federal Education Loan segment; the Consumer Lending segment; and the Business Processing segment. The vast majority of revenue and margin in our Federal segment comes from our portfolio of FFELP loans. Our Consumer Lending segment's primary source of revenue and margin is from our private loan portfolio. That portfolio consists of 2 distinct parts. One includes refi and in-school loans originated by Navient in the past several years. The second consists of seasoned loans, the vast majority of which were orientated prior to Navient's creation in 2014. And the third business segment, our Business Processing segment, includes businesses that provide a variety of services for state, local and federal government entities, as well as revenue cycle management and other services to healthcare providers.
Our strategy is underpinned by the 4 imperatives you see on Slide 3: maximize the cash flows from our loan portfolio; enhance the value of our growth businesses; maintain a strong balance sheet and distribute excess capital; and continuously simplify the business and increase efficiency. While executing these imperatives, we continue to help customers meet their financial needs, continuously strengthen our control environment and be good citizens in the communities in which we operate.
Now to provide an overview of our FFELP portfolio. There are substantial cash flows we project to receive over the next few years. As a reminder, these are cash flow forecasts after the related secured facilities are paid. On the right-hand side of Slide 4, you'll see the key assumptions used to make these projections. On Slide 5, you'll see the even more substantial cash flows we project to receive from our current consumer lending private education loan portfolio over the next few years. To be clear, this is a snapshot of the projected cash flows from our existing portfolio. They do not include additional cash flows from future loan originations. These are projected on the same basis as FFELP cash flows. Loan cash inflows, net of secured financing outflows.
We've provided the cash flow projections like those on Slides 4 and 5 in our investor presentation for several years now. We plan to continue to provide these estimates, which will include any new net cash flows from loans we bring onto our balance sheet each quarter. In fact, Slide 6 reminds you of the refi and in-school loan originations over the last several years, along with our target for full year 2023 originations. As you know, the addressable market for refi loans has declined in the current higher rate environment. The peak in-school origination period occurs during the third quarter of the year as students begin their fall semesters, a cycle unique from those of other consumer finance products.
Let me now turn to Slide 7. At the foundation of these businesses is a mission to support and build the financial futures of our customers. Helping borrowers manage their loans is an essential part of that. Customers report being highly satisfied with the simple and clear experience they have with our Earnest brand. In fact, Earnest is routinely recognized as a top student loan lender by sites such as U.S. News, NerdWallet and has some of the highest ratings in the industry according to Trustpilot Reviews. These accolades are testament to our customer-focused team. Earnest supports students in their financial journey in other ways as well. Going Merry by Earnest offers digital tools to a growing number of students that help them identify, understand and navigate grants and scholarships.
Slide 8 combines the substantial cash flows from our 2 loan segments and provides some insights into what we are focused on in these portfolios. As you can see, the projections show that our portfolios will produce cash flows just shy of $1.5 billion ballpark each of the next 5 years -- each of the next years. We also have a proven record in effectively managing net interest rate, funding and the credit elements of these loan portfolios.
Our net interest margin, or NIM, has been relatively resilient to variations in the interest rate environment. As one proof point, Slide 9 shows the NIM on the 2 portfolios since Q4 of 2019. This period includes a full fed rate cycle from interest rates being cut by the Fed at the onset of the pandemic to interest rate increases at incredible speeds as inflationary pressures emerged during the pandemic recovery period. Even with a 500 basis point range on the fed funds rate, the NIM on both of these portfolios remained relatively stable and in a relatively narrow range.
Slides 10 and 11 shows credit performance as measured by net charge-offs and our loan loss allowance coverage against these 2 portfolios over the same 4-plus year time period, starting pre-pandemic Q4 2019. Specifically, Slide 10 shows how FFELP allowance coverage has remained relatively stable over this period. As you know, the federal government guarantees 97% or more of principal and interest on these levels. The allowance as a percent of outstanding balances reflects the federal guarantee on all but 3% of principal and interest.
Net charge-offs in this portfolio over this period, a period which included pandemic forbearance and other borrower relief programs, remained low and actually declined. As borrowers have exited those programs, net charge-offs have, as expected, increased. We attribute this increase to be a catch-up of charge-offs that would have otherwise occurred during the period of the pandemic. We expect charge-off levels to return to historical levels as this catch-up cycle runs its course, absent changes in macroeconomic variables. The net charge-off trends in the consumer lending portfolio reflect similar dynamics as FFELP: decreasing charge-offs while pandemic borrower relief programs were in place, and increases as expected as borrowers exited the pandemic relief programs.
Loan loss allowance coverage levels here are explained primarily by the changing mix of the portfolio over time. Our refi loan originations were substantial during the low rate environment. They represent a significant and growing percent of the total portfolio. Because of the lower risk profile and its demonstrated credit performance, the allowance held against refi loans is lower than the allowance held against seasoned or in-school loans. This trend has lowered the loan loss allowance as a percent of loans outstanding.
Using the trust performance of Navient-sponsored FFELP-backed securities, FFELP ABS, you can gain a sense of the prepayments occurring on our FFELP portfolio over the same period. As you can see on Slide 12, there was an increase in prepayment rates during the second half of last year. This prepayment increase was driven in large part by FFELP borrowers who consolidated into federal direct loans in the expectation that they might participate in the administration's debt reduction proposals. You can see that prepayment activity has declined and stabilized in the first half of this year. Future prepayment levels remain uncertain under the administration's recently announced actions and proposals on reducing student debt.
There's been a lot of talk in the news about federal direct student loan payments resuming this fall. Slide 13 shows that the vast majority of our consumer lending portfolio is in active repayment. The resumption of student loan payments you hear about in the news relates only to loans owned by the U.S. government, not our portfolios. Within our portfolios, the percentage of borrowers in repayment declined at the outset of the pandemic as borrowers entered relief programs that we offered at that time. For most borrowers, those programs ended in the first quarter of 2022. As a result, over 95% of this portfolio is currently in repayment status.
Now for our third business segment. Slide 14 gives an overview of the broad array of services and diversified customer segments served in our Business Processing Solutions division. We serve over 500 government and healthcare clients and touch tens of millions of people in this business. Slide 15 shows revenue on our Business Processing segment over the last 3 years. You can see that total revenue rose significantly as we took on a variety of pandemic-related services and then decreased as those contracts were phased out as the pandemic came to an end. Normalizing for that revenue, you can see that our revenue from traditional, that is, non-pandemic contracts, has grown strongly and steadily over this period, thanks to the good work of the BPS team. In fact, we were recently awarded our largest ever contract in this segment, and revenues from it and other contracts project revenue growth again this year.
I want to take this moment to reiterate our longstanding capital allocation framework, as you can see on Slide 16. We are committed to a strong balance sheet through which we retain the flexibility to support business growth as well as to respond to unexpected adverse economic environments and are also committed to returning excess capital to shareholders.
Slide 17 provides some additional color on our strategic imperatives. I've covered many of the items on this page. There are a couple additional things I want to mention here. One is how I think about what may be described as the free cash flows from our loan portfolios. The cash flow projections we showed on earlier slides are before we consider the cash flows from consolidated expenses. These include unsecured debt expenses and repayments and all operating expenses, such as loan servicing expenses, corporate function expenses and taxes, among others.
Navient has experienced substantial changes in its business footprint. For example, Business Processing Solutions was created largely through acquisitions immediately after Navient began in 2014. We originated refi loans starting in 2017 with the acquisition of our Earnest subsidiary. We decided to exit the Department of Education loan servicing contract and transferred it in 2021. These changes and others represented significant changes in the scale and scope of our business operations.
In conducting the in-depth review and in focusing on simplicity and efficiency, we want to ensure that the scale of our operations is aligned appropriately with the scale of our current and future business needs. In addition, where appropriate and when possible, we will seek to make our expense base more variable, which provides more operating and financial flexibility. These strategic imperatives around maximizing loan cash flows and simplicity and efficiency are designed to increase the free cash flows that are available to enhance the value of our growth businesses and return capital to shareholders. We will keep you apprised as we identify, with a sense of urgency, additional ways to increase these cash flows and as we make decisions on how to best deploy them.
With that, I will turn it over to Joe for a review of this quarter's results, and I look forward to your questions later in the call.
Joe Fisher
Thank you, Dave, and thank you to everyone on today's call for your interest in Navient. During my prepared remarks, I will review the second quarter results for 2023 and provide updated guidance for the remainder of the year.
First, I would like to note that we will no longer be providing the non-GAAP financial measure of adjusted core earnings per share. Our full year 2023 earnings per share guidance will now include our expectations for regulatory and restructuring expenses. We believe this will make it easier to follow our reported earnings and provide for greater consistency in our coverage estimates. In addition, we've made formatting changes to our earnings presentation. To the extent information no longer appears in this presentation, you may still find it published in the full range of materials we provide, including the 10-Q.
Turning to results. Our year-to-date reported core earnings per share was $1.73 through the second quarter, and we are updating our full year guidance to a range of $3.15 to $3.30 core earnings per share. The updated positive guidance now includes expenses of $22 million, or $0.13, related to regulatory and restructuring expense that occurred through the first 6 months, along with our expected ongoing regulatory expense for the rest of 2023.
The second quarter's positive results position us well for the remainder of the year with key highlights from the quarter beginning on Slide 19, including second quarter GAAP EPS of $0.52 and core EPS of $0.70, both of which include $15 million of restructuring expenses primarily associated with the CEO transition that took place in May. FFELP NIM of 97 basis points; private NIM of 297 basis points; originations of $197 million; business processing revenues of $83 million, an overall efficiency ratio of 56%; and maintained an adjusted tangible equity ratio of 8.4%, while returning $100 million to shareholders through dividends and repurchases.
I'll provide additional detail by segment, beginning with Federal Education Loans on Slide 20. In the Federal Education Loan segment, we achieved a net interest margin of 97 basis points compared to 111 basis points a year ago. The decline from the year ago period was primarily driven by a lower balance of loans eligible to earn core income. Compared to the prior year, we saw net charge-offs increase to 22 basis points, which is consistent with the first quarter and anticipate that the net charge-off rate will decline and fall in a range of 10 to 20 basis points for the full year. While credit trends are within our expectations, the slowdown in prepayments that we are experiencing is expected to increase the life of the portfolio, which results in an increase in future cash flows along with expected future defaults.
Now let's turn to our Consumer Lending segment on Slide 21. Net interest income in the quarter was $143 million and resulted in a net interest margin of 297 basis points, an improvement of 31 basis points compared to the prior year, driven largely by our improved funding spreads. We continue to see a slowdown in prepayment speeds in the overall portfolio as borrowers with fixed interest rates have less of an incentive to refinance in the current rate environment, which is benefiting net interest income.
In the quarter, we originated $197 million of private education loans. This was comprised of $142 million of refi loan origination volume and $55 million of new in-school origination volume. The decline in refi volume originations from the prior year was primarily driven by the higher rate environment. We anticipate quarterly refi origination volume to remain at these lower levels throughout 2023, as we expect the restart of Department of Education loan payments this fall to provide no significant impact in the current rate environment. As anticipated, we are seeing an improvement in credit from the first quarter. Compared to the first quarter, net charge-off rates improved to 1.39% from 1.63%, and total delinquencies improved to 4.4% from 4.5%.
Turning to allowance for loan losses and related coverage on Slide 22. We remain confident that we are adequately reserved for the expected life of loan losses, given the well-seasoned and high credit quality of our portfolio. At the end of the second quarter, our allowance for loan losses was just over $1.1 billion for our entire education loan portfolio. While credit metrics are improving, we remain cautious in our outlook as borrowers with over $1.5 trillion in education loan balances that are not on our balance sheet but held by the U.S. Government will be required to start making payments for the first time since March of 2020. While the portfolio is primarily amortizing, we reserved an additional $5 million for FFELP loans related largely to a projected extension in the life of the portfolio and $6 million for private education loans, of which $4 million is related to new origination volume.
Let's continue to Slide 23 to review our Business Processing segment. Revenue from our BPS services increased $11 million from the first quarter to $83 million. The EBITDA margin increased to 10% from 7%, and we expect it to be in the high teens for the second half of the year as we benefit from ongoing efficiency initiatives. We expect to see revenue of at least $310 million for the full year 2023, primarily driven by the addition of new government services contracts.
Let's turn to our capital allocation and financing activity that is highlighted on Slide 24. We continue to maintain strong asset liability and capital management with 84% of our education loan portfolio funded to term. During the quarter, we issued $500 million of unsecured debt and $718 million of asset-backed securities. Our adjusted tangible equity ratio of 8.4% is in line with our targeted range of 8% to 9% and up from 7.5% a year ago. In the quarter, we reduced our share count by 4% through the repurchase of 4.9 million shares. In total, we returned $100 million to shareholders through share repurchases and dividends. Our 2023 EPS guidance includes a further reduction in share count from the projected share repurchases of $145 million for the remainder of the year.
Let's turn to operating expenses on Slide 25. The continued efforts to improve efficiency and success across all of our business lines contributed to the strong quarterly results. The increases in consumer lending expenses were primarily related to marketing for the upcoming peak in-school origination season. We saw a 28% decline in expenses in the Federal Education segment due to lower transition services and a 17% decline in the overall FFELP portfolio. We achieved an efficiency ratio of 56% in the quarter, which is consistent with our full year guidance of 55% to 58%.
In closing, the second quarter's core earning results of $0.70 reflect the steps we have taken to simplify the business, maintain strong capital levels and provide consistency in the face of a volatile rate environment. Our updated core EPS guidance range of $3.15 to $3.30 for the full year, which includes all regulatory and restructuring costs incurred to date as a result of this quarter's strong performance and our outlook for the remainder of 2023. Our outlook assumes a rate scenario that is based on the recent forward curve and that we do not see an acceleration of prepayment speeds related to changes in the federal student loan programs.
As we continue to conduct the in-depth reviews that Dave mentioned in his remarks, I'd like to thank Team Navient for the continued dedication and commitment to increasing value for all stakeholders. Thank you for your time, and I will now open the call for questions.
Question and Answer Session
Operator
(Operator Instructions) Our first question comes from the line of Bill Ryan with Seaport Research Partners.
William Haraway Ryan
Welcome, Dave. So I appreciate you're not yet ready to kind of discuss the individual lines of business and what you may be emphasizing a little bit more and maybe deemphasizing some other areas. But -- and you talked about cash flows and commitment to capital returns. One of the questions I had was about EPS. It's been fairly stable the last several years. As part of the initiatives that you're looking at doing, could we expect maybe some directional change maybe in the EPS? Because I think next year, you're going to be hitting a revenue inflection point where the recurring businesses are growing faster than the runoff. But obviously it's a question about how you're looking at the EPS side of the equation.
Joe Fisher
Sure. So thanks, Bill. I'll take that one just in terms of guidance. And obviously we're not yet providing 2024 guidance here, but as we think of the BPS business long term, historically, we thought of those non-pandemic related services, that business growing at about 10% a year in terms of organic growth. That's certainly the target that we look to achieve from a growth perspective. We are far exceeding that so far throughout this year. But with that 10% growth, we're also focused on high teens margins. So how I would think about next year for 2024 is that we'll continue to look to target that 10% at that high teens EBITDA margin levels, and then you can translate that to your EPS assumptions.
William Haraway Ryan
Okay. And one quick follow-up. If you could talk maybe a little bit about the competitive landscape for in-school originations. Obviously, you're kind of early on in the peak origination quarter. If you could talk about how Navient's product offering is being received in the marketplace, and do you still expect originations to roughly double this year?
David L. Yowan
So nice to meet you, Bill. Thanks for your question. And look, we feel it's too early in the season to make a call on loan originations, as I'm sure you know, with third quarter being the peak season. We feel really good about the products that we're offering through the Earnest subsidiary. We're focused on being very disciplined about the margins and the returns we hope to achieve on that. And we'll certainly be ready to give you a more robust update in the third quarter on volumes. But too soon to call, but we feel really good about the products we're offering and the distribution channels that we have. The team at Earnest is very focused on providing our customers with a simple experience that has gotten some great reviews from us. So I think it's wait and see on in-school for this year. It's a little -- it is too early to make a call on that.
Operator
Our next question comes from the line of Jeff Adelson with Morgan Stanley.
Jeffrey David Adelson
And Dave, welcome and congratulations on the new role. Just maybe to start on the comment that Joe made on you don't expect any meaningful benefit to refi volumes as student loan repayments get going later this year. Another big lender in this space has been making some noise and saying that there's a ramp coming, and they're pitching that borrowers are going to be refying into these longer-term loans as they look to lower their monthly payment. I'm just curious, is this something that you're not expecting or expecting? Or are there any differences in your approach to the market that are more idiosyncratic that we should be aware of?
David L. Yowan
So thanks for the welcome, Jeff, and thanks for the question. Look, I think we -- as Joe indicated in his remarks, our experience and all of our insight into the market is that it is very much a rate-driven market. And given the fact that, in fact, rates aren't declining, but the Fed may increase them at least one more time here, we don't see the addressable market increasing significantly because of a payment pause. And so that's our view of it. We are absolutely open for business. Earnest has again demonstrated a capacity to market those loans effectively at scale. We've got the operational and financial flexibility if there's more demand. But you'll see in our loan forecast that was included in the slides that I spoke to, we've not increased that for the full year. So wait and see. We're open for business, but we don't see a significant increase in that addressable market until and unless rates begin to decline.
Jeffrey David Adelson
Got it. That's helpful. And I think just one other question for me on the NIM outlook. Just wondering on the SOFR transition away from LIBOR, are there any impacts we should be thinking about in your asset liability management and how to think about the trajectory of impacts from here as rates change versus what was happening under the old construct?
Joe Fisher
No. So that was actually baked into our original guidance that we had provided, so I don't have any changes to the guidance at this point. And we have obviously changed our systems, implemented the change from LIBOR to SOFR, and things are going smoothly at this point.
Operator
Our next question comes from the line of Rick Shane with J.P. Morgan.
Richard Barry Shane
We really appreciate the additional slides and the change to the way you guys are providing guidance. It's helpful. I wanted to talk a little bit about the Consumer Lending segment and private student lending. Two things. First, when we look at Slide 5, I'm assuming that the growth in cash flows over the next 3 years is just a reflection of in-school loans going to repayment, and that's why we see the spike in '26. And then it starts to sort of decay as you would expect with the prepayment speed.
Joe Fisher
So actually, there are no originations projected in those cash flow slides, so we do not get the benefit of the future originations. It's actually a cutoff as of 6/30 if we were to run the portfolio out. But it is a good call out. In terms of the increase, that actually has to do with certain financings that are taking place in those outer years. As you know, Rick, we have various repurchase facilities that we use to fund existing trusts and then borrow against that over- collateralization. So what this reflects is calling those trusts at that time and refinancing them into more traditional securitizations after paying down that debt. So it is an increase, but it has to do with the way we finance today versus new originations.
Richard Barry Shane
Joe, that's really helpful. And David, I apologize. Welcome. Wanted to ask you a question related to this segment as well. As you're conducting your strategic review, if you were to go out and create a bank today, it would look very different than the way you created a bank even a decade or 2 decades ago. As you think about reentering the private student lending market and growing market share there, what do you see strategically that you will do different than perhaps the way the business was done a decade ago? Is it about chasing preferred lenders lists, or is it more about direct marketing and online? How does that business evolve if you could create it in 2023?
David L. Yowan
Thanks for the welcome, Rick, and thanks for the feedback on the slides. We appreciate that. Trying to provide information that's clear and helpful to you. Look, I think in consumer lending, you can look and see what we do today and particularly what we've done with Earnest, which is designed to provide an experience for customers upfront that is largely, if not exclusively, digital. It's a simple experience. As you know, many financial products, if you think about the marketing funnel for those, you lose a lot of people when they first engage because they need to provide information that's not readily available. And so it's about simplicity at point of sale that I think we have focused on. We don't -- it's clear we don't need to be a bank in order to be simple at point of sale.
In terms of our financial structure, obviously we feel like we have a lot of capacity, cost-effective sources of capital to finance our loans. There's a history of Navient managing through a wide variety of market scenarios and environments. The team here is -- as a former treasurer, I can tell you, the team here is really good at finding capital in a really cost effective way to -- and managing the interest rates and other elements of other financial risks associated with these loans. So I think it's about simplicity at the point of sale, offering innovations in products, whether it's rate driven, payment driven, et cetera, and having a strong financial capacity to support that business. We feel like we have those today. We'll be looking for ways across all of our businesses to do better, but we feel good about the foundation of assets and capabilities that we have today that allow us to compete effectively.
Richard Barry Shane
Perfect. And we look forward to hearing what's next.
Operator
(Operator Instructions) Our next question comes from the line of Sanjay Sakhrani with KBW.
Sanjay Harkishin Sakhrani
Welcome, Dave. Maybe you could just elaborate a little bit more on the review you're undertaking. I know you mentioned you're in the process and you touched a little bit on it before. But I was also just hoping you could elaborate on the philosophy that you might apply versus what was the case before. Obviously, you were on the Board as well. So maybe you could just give us a little bit of a lay of the land in terms of how we should think about this on a go-forward basis.
David L. Yowan
Thanks, Sanjay, for the question. I think I'd call you to the imperatives that we put on the page. Those are the 4 things that I'm focused on. I think to your -- as suggested in your point, those 4 things are not new. They're focusing on our -- maximizing our cash flows, enhancing the value of growth, being more simple and more efficient, and distributing capital to shareholders while retaining a strong balance sheet growth.
I think what any change in leadership does is when you look at things with a different lens and perhaps a wider aperture than we've had before, that's how I would sort of characterize the way I'm thinking about looking at those 4 imperatives. I think those are the right 4 imperatives for the company. I don't see those changing as we think about this. But I think any new leader looks at, in my experience, you have a different lens, and so you look at things in a different way. I'm charged with the Board in what I would describe as having a wider aperture to think about. So sort of nothing is off the table. I'm not here to put anything on the table because it's too soon to do that.
I talked a little bit at the end on -- about some of my thinking here. This is a company that has undergone some pretty significant changes in its footprint, whether it's the acquisition of the Business Processing Segment, the beginning, some would say resumption if you go back to the Sallie Mae days, of being a loan originator, and our decision to exit the ed servicing contract, that, as you can imagine, that significantly changed the scope and scale of our loan servicing operations. And so I talked about making sure that the scale of our business, our operations is aligned with the scale of our current and future business needs.
I also talked about trying to variabilize expenses. I think that's critical whether you're growing or whether, as in some parts of our business like FFELP, revenue is declining. And here, the company has a record of doing that. We sold our servicing platform a couple of years ago and effectively converted that fixed expense into a pay-by-the-drink expense. I think that's a good example of what we've done historically, and we're going to look for more opportunities to do things like that.
Sanjay Harkishin Sakhrani
Got it. And I guess along those same lines, that CFPB litigation is still sort of looming out there. I'm just curious sort of where we're at, how amenable you might be to have a different outcome in some ways in terms of the process. I mean maybe you can just update us on that as well.
David L. Yowan
Yes, sure. So as you know, both parties filed motions for summary judgments in May of 2020. Those motions have been briefed. No trial or hearing date has been set for those motions. We feel really confident about the strength of our case. But having said that, I think we are certainly open and would like to find a solution that's acceptable to all parties that would put the matter behind us.
Operator
(Operator Instructions) Our next question comes from Courtney Bahlman with Barclays.
Courtney Elizabeth Bahlman
Welcome, David. Just a really quick one for me. Most of my questions have already been answered. I apologize if I missed, but is there any change to the way that you all are thinking about bond repurchases or liability management exercises in the course of operations here?
Joe Fisher
No, there's no change, Courtney. From our perspective, we're in a very good position in terms of our upcoming maturities. We have $1.3 billion of cash on hand. We have the future cash flows coming over the next several quarters that we described in our presentation, as well as $1.4 billion of unencumbered loans and another just over $5 billion of OC that we have the ability to borrow against. So we feel in a very good position here to address the upcoming maturities. And as I've spoken with you before, if there's opportunities to get those bonds at a discount, we certainly evaluate that. But there just haven't been as many opportunities recently.
Courtney Elizabeth Bahlman
Understood.
Joe Fisher
Thank you.
Operator
Our next question is a follow-up from Bill Ryan with Seaport Research Partners.
William Haraway Ryan
Just a quick follow-up. There's been some proposals made on changes to IDR and debt forgiveness. What's the process by which those changes would be implemented, like what kind of time frame? And second, do you see any potential impact on your portfolios from those changes specifically in the federal loan segment?
Joe Fisher
Sure, Bill. So the way I think about just the various programs that have been announced and programs that have been announced over the years here is that there are over 56 different repayment options available to federal student loan borrowers today. So there are host of ways to reduce the payments to have forgiveness. And I view this as another option that's again more attractive. So we saw obviously prepayments increase a year ago with the -- or actually less than a year ago with just the announcement surrounding debt forgiveness. While we would anticipate some level of prepayment activity with another program, at this point, it's just too early to gauge what that would look like. But as I've said in the past, there has been significant opportunities over the years, whether it's interest rate reductions, debt forgiveness, various IBR programs. And we've just got a very well-seasoned FFELP portfolio at this time. So with each introduction, there's been less and less of an impact.
William Haraway Ryan
Okay. And then what kind of a time frame are we thinking about if they get implemented as is? Would it be a year from now or so?
Joe Fisher
Yes, I think that's a tough one to tell, but I think your time frame is the right way to think about it.
Operator
Our next question comes from the line of Giuliano Bologna with Compass Point.
Giuliano Jude Anderes Bologna
Congratulations on the new role. One question I'd be curious about, and this might be a little bit of a follow-up to what Bill was just touching on. I'd be curious if you can provide a sense of what percentage of your FFELP book is enrolled in IDR plans currently, just as it is a way to think about how that could flow through to some of the newer forgiveness programs related to IDR plans.
Joe Fisher
Yes. So in terms of IDR programs today as a percent of the overall portfolio, it's about 35% of borrowers and 45% of balances.
Giuliano Jude Anderes Bologna
That is very helpful. Then I realize a lot of these questions have been asked in many different forms. But I'd be curious, when you think about the opportunities in the review process, do you think there's a greater emphasis on to figure out ways to optimize the cost structure? Or on the other side, is there a greater focus on trying to figure out new growth verticals for the different businesses? Or is it kind of all inclusive? Just trying to get a sense if you think there's an enhanced focus on growth versus cost cutting or vice versa.
David L. Yowan
Yes. I think -- so thanks for the question. Again, I think at this point, it's a very broad aperture that we have. And so it definitely includes -- and under simplicity and efficiency, that includes becoming more efficient from looking at operating expenses, looking at the scale and scope of our operations really carefully, as I've indicated, finding ways to variabilize as many expenses as we can. But it also includes enhancing the value of our growth businesses. And if that requires -- the idea behind trying to increase the free cash flows from our portfolios is it gives us greater flexibility and greater capacity to invest in those growth businesses and/or -- and return capital to shareholders. Our first step is to undertake and see if we can increase those free cash flows. And then as we're able to do that, we'll share with you how we're going to deploy that. But at this point, it's too soon to make a call on one versus the other I think at this point.
Giuliano Jude Anderes Bologna
All right. Maybe one quick follow-up on that thread. You obviously come from a good position with a great funding structure, capital and cash flow. I'd be curious if you'd consider looking at M&A for kind of asset manufacturing platforms, or if you think you have the kind of asset growth platforms internally now or can obviously build them internally.
David L. Yowan
I guess I'd say 2 things. I'd say first, everything's on the table, but I would say that I think we feel really good and confident about the capabilities we have to originate private education finance loans. I think Earnest has demonstrated, particularly in the low rate environment, an ability to originate refi loans, education finance loans at scale in a way that has pleased customers and in a way that has produced we feel are really good returns for our shareholders. So I think we've got -- and that platform I think has -- we think has more capacity in it. So I think we feel pretty good about where we are. I wouldn't take anything off the table, but I do feel pretty comfortable with our ability to at scale originate private education loans at the moment.
Giuliano Jude Anderes Bologna
That's great. I'll turn back in the queue.
Operator
I would now like to hand the conference back over to Jen Earyes for closing remarks.
Jen Earyes
Thank you, Shannon. We'd like to thank everyone for joining us on today's call. Please contact me if you have any follow-up questions. This concludes today's call.
Operator
This concludes today's conference call. Thank you for participating. You may now disconnect.
