Q2 2023 Oscar Health Inc Earnings Call
Participants
Cornelia Miller; VP of IR; Oscar Health, Inc.
Mario Tobias Schlosser; Co-Founder, President of Technology & Director; Oscar Health, Inc.
Mark Thomas Bertolini; CEO & Director; Oscar Health, Inc.
Siddhartha Sankaran; Interim CFO & Director; Oscar Health, Inc.
Gary Paul Taylor; MD & Senior Equity Research Analyst; TD Cowen, Research Division
Hua Ha; Equity Analyst; Morgan Stanley, Research Division
Jonathan Yong; Research Analyst; Crédit Suisse AG, Research Division
Joshua Richard Raskin; Research Analyst; Nephron Research LLC
Kevin Mark Fischbeck; MD in Equity Research; BofA Securities, Research Division
Nathan Allen Rich; Research Analyst; Goldman Sachs Group, Inc., Research Division
Stephen C. Baxter; Senior Equity Analyst; Wells Fargo Securities, LLC, Research Division
Presentation
Operator
Good afternoon. My name is Abby, and I will be your conference operator today. At this time, I would like to welcome everyone to Oscar Health's 2023 Second Quarter Earnings Conference Call. (Operator Instructions)
I will now turn the conference over to Cornelia Miller, Vice President of Corporate Development and Investor Relations.
Cornelia Miller
Thank you, and good evening, everyone. Thank you for joining us for our second quarter 2023 earnings call, where we'll discuss our strong first half results, disciplined execution and path to profitability. Mark Bertolini, Oscar's Chief Executive Officer; and Sid Sankaran, Oscar's Chief Financial Officer, will host this evening's call. This call can be accessed through our Investor Relations website at ir.hioscar.com. Full details of our results and additional management commentary are available in our earnings release, which can be found on our Investor Relations website at ir.hioscar.com.
Any remarks that Oscar makes about the future constitute forward-looking statements within the meaning of safe harbor provisions under the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995. Actual results may differ materially from those indicated by those forward-looking statements as a result of various important factors, including those discussed in our quarterly report on Form 10-Q for the quarterly period ended March 31, 2023, filed with the SEC, and other filings with the SEC, including our quarterly report on Form 10-Q for the quarterly period ended June 30, 2023, to be filed with the SEC. Such forward-looking statements are based on current expectations as of today. Oscar anticipates that subsequent events and developments may cause estimates to change. While the company may elect to update these forward-looking statements at some point in the future, we specifically disclaim any obligation to do so.
The call will also refer to certain non-GAAP measures. A reconciliation of these measures to the most directly comparable GAAP measures can be found in the second quarter 2023 press release, which is available on the company's Investor Relations website at ir.hioscar.com.
With that, I would like to turn the call over to our CEO, Mark Bertolini.
Mark Thomas Bertolini
Thank you, Cornelia. Good evening, everyone. I have been at Oscar just over 4 months now, and have spent my time continuing my deep dives across the business. I am feeling even more optimistic now than when I joined the company in April. I will discuss my key learnings in a few moments, but let me begin by providing an overview of our second quarter performance.
We had a strong quarter, and our results demonstrate that we are executing on our path to profitability. All of our key metrics are performing in line or favorable to plan at this point in the year, and our NPS increased to a record high of 57 this quarter. Our medical loss ratio improved 230 basis points year-over-year to 79.9%, driven by our disciplined pricing strategy and total cost of care initiatives. We reached total company profitability for the second consecutive quarter, with an adjusted EBITDA of $36 million and with a first half adjusted EBITDA of $87 million, increasing our confidence in our total company adjusted EBITDA target for next year.
We continue to view insurance company profitability this year and total company profitability next year as important milestones for us. And we are very encouraged by our results to date. Sid will walk us through a more detailed review of our financial metrics later in this call.
As we look to next year, we plan to maintain a disciplined pricing strategy that we believe appropriately targets both growth and margin expansion. Our growth strategy for 2024 focuses on leveraging the breadth of our deep provider partnerships to expand into more rural areas. We are planning to increase our service area footprint in more than half of our current states, which would meaningfully increase our overall TAM next year.
On the margin side, we have identified increased benefits from our total cost of care initiatives in areas including the PBM and Fraud, Waste and Abuse efforts. We expect to drive further administrative cost savings from our increased scale and overall efficiencies from our technology. Most importantly, though, we are expanding our innovative and affordable product offerings to continue providing an optimal member experience.
For example, following the success of our diabetes plan, which targets members with a specific disease state, we are introducing our Breathe Easy plan for members suffering from COPD and other respiratory conditions. Available in select markets in 2024, this plan will reward and incentivize members around specific COPD-related benefits with the end goal of driving better clinical outcomes and lower cost of care.
With accessibility being central to our mission, we have also developed an enhanced version of our Spanish-speaking features to better serve the 30% of our membership base who are Spanish-speaking. Our consumer-focused approach has resonated well with these members, and we currently enjoy an NPS of 80. As we strive to deliver a best-in-class member experience, we believe that these are the types of personalized offerings and consumer-friendly features that can help us continually enhance our competitive advantage and industry-leading NPS scores.
Let me now turn to some of my key observations over the last 128 days. I have met with leaders across the organization and have spent time digging deep into critical aspects of the business, including our 2024 pricing and market position, the areas of our operations where I see opportunities for greater efficiency, and our long-term strategic positioning. Overall, I have been impressed with what I have found.
Over our 10-year history, we have invested in our infrastructure and operations. We have made great strides in rightsizing our operations for scale, but I see opportunities for even more value creation in core functions. For example, we have strong processes in place for risk adjustment. But we can further enhance these capabilities and build even greater degree of efficiency and impact. There has already been material work underway that is yielding a positive result, and I plan to spend even more time in these areas going forward.
Our people are our most important asset, and I have spent a fair amount of time assessing our team, getting a better understanding of our strengths and seeing where we can build upon our existing expertise. As we look at the needs of the organization going forward, we are making some leadership changes and bringing in some key hires to enable us to better build and execute on our strategic priorities.
First, as we have discussed, Sid Sankaran, our interim CFO, is leaving Oscar. We are very appreciative of his leadership, and I look forward to continuing to work with him as a member of our Board. As we look to fill the position, we conducted a very thorough external search. However, it became clear throughout the process that we already have the best person to take on that role internally. We are thrilled to share that we are welcoming Scott Blackley back to the role of CFO effective August 14.
Over the last 10 months, Scott has served as our Chief Transformation Officer, spending his time focused on aligning our overall revenues and costs, enhancing our operational efficiency and building out our Campaign Builder product. Today, we are on track to hit our key targets and we believe there is no better person for this next phase of Oscar than a seasoned leader who understands the nuances of our business.
As part of this transition, I will be spending more time with our operations team, bringing my decades of experience as an operator to drive continued efficiency and momentum across key functions. We are also bringing on 2 new hires to round out our leadership bench, an industry veteran to run our corporate strategy and institute our management processes; and a senior leader to lead and ensure we continue to expand our +Oscar business. I have had the privilege of working closely with both individuals during my Aetna days. They will be starting in the coming weeks, so you will hear more about them during our next earnings call.
Let me spend a moment on how we are thinking about the future. I have been embedding critical processes that will enable our long-term strategic planning efforts. As part of this work, I have initiated a new management process, built a framework for our multiyear plan, reviewed our tech road map and met with the Board to kick off a cadence of meetings that will focus on succession, long-term strategy and performance. I plan to spend the rest of the year driving continued performance improvements, laying the groundwork for our multiyear strategy and accelerating +Oscar to expand on our modular approach.
With respect to +Oscar, we have been seeing positive results with our first Campaign Builder clients. We currently have 235,000 unique patients active in the tool and have been seeing high engagement rates. We expect to continue our momentum in the second half of 2023, and look forward to bringing more modular components like Campaign Builder to the market.
Speaking of our technology, Mario has settled into his role as President of Technology and Chief Technology Officer, and among many other things, he's focused on how we can integrate AI into our tech and product road maps. As we have shared in the past, our proprietary tech stack allows us to be exceptionally nimble in our response to major technological paradigm shifts like AI. We have identified opportunities to further streamline administrative processes, enhance decision-making capabilities and ultimately provide a more personalized experience for our approximately 1 million members.
We have developed dozens of AI prototypes and have made progress on a number of use cases in features that we plan to continue rolling out in the coming months. One example is Campaign Builder AI Actions, which leverages large language models to intelligently monitor for signals and deliver relevant interventions that better serve our members and patients' clinical needs. If you are interested in staying up to date on our latest AI insights and developments, please visit hioscar.com/ai.
As it relates to the long-term strategy, we are working through an initial set of strategic pillars that will guide us through the next few years. First, we want to drive sustainable profitability and expanding margins through market-leading and scalable operations. Second, we believe that member engagement is one of our key differentiators and want to continually invest in our member experience. Third, I believe we should look to diversify beyond our current offerings to leverage our member-centric approach to an increasingly more individualized market. And finally, we will continue to externalize our tech platform so that we can power others throughout the health care system.
I believe these are the right strategic priorities for us over the next several years. We will share a more detailed long-term view of the company with you at an investor conference next year.
And with that, I would like to turn the call over to Sid. Sid?
Siddhartha Sankaran
Thanks, Mark, and good evening, everyone. As Mark noted, our second quarter results show the business is performing in line to favorable with our expectations and that we are executing well against our plan. We ended the quarter with just under 1 million members, which was consistent with our pricing and churn assumptions.
On the volume side, membership has been slightly ahead of plan. While we have had limited SEP growth this year relative to prior periods, this has been largely offset by Medicaid redeterminations. At this point, Medicaid redeterminations have resumed in all of our states. Early data indicates that the emerging Medicaid redeterminations are healthier than expected and are not exhibiting any anti-selection patterns. I'd also note that we are now eligible to enroll new members in Florida again.
As I noted last quarter, our portfolio strategy purposely and successfully shifted our member mix closer towards the market average. We now have a higher proportion of renewals than any time in our recent history, which has resulted in an older membership that looks very similar to the overall ACA population. Shifting our mix has been part of a deliberate strategy, which has resulted in a lower projected risk transfer as a percent of premiums this year.
Our direct and assumed policy premiums were $1.6 billion in the quarter, a modest 3% decrease year-over-year driven by membership and partially offset by rate increases. Similar to trends we saw last quarter, our premiums before ceded insurance, which includes the impact of our lower risk transfer, grew 8% year-on-year to $1.5 billion.
Turning to medical costs. Our medical loss ratio improved 230 basis points year-on-year to 79.9% due to our disciplined pricing actions and total cost of care initiatives. Our overall claims trends have been in line to slightly favorable relative to our pricing expectations for the first half of the year. We are pleased with this trend, and it includes our expected mix shift to members with higher risk scores as previously noted. Within specific service categories, inpatient is performing in line with our pricing assumptions. Outpatients and Rx are slightly higher than expectations, and professional is materially below.
Let me focus on risk adjustment for a moment. Historically, we've had a younger and healthier population than the market average and have therefore been a large payer into the risk adjustment program. The final CMS report for last year's risk adjustment was favorable to our expectations, driven by outperformance in value-capture initiatives, including a successful pilot application with AI. However, we strengthened our RADV accrual and IBNR, which largely offset the benefit.
While we expected a lower risk transfer this year due to our updated member mix, the initial Wakely report for 2023 still came in favorable to our expectations. Given that we are only partway through the year, we have maintained an appropriately cautious approach to our risk adjustment reserve, which we'll reevaluate in the coming quarters as we see more data.
Switching to administrative costs. Our InsureCo administrative expense ratio improved 280 basis points year-on-year to 16.7%, driven by distribution optimization, vendor efficiencies and operating leverage. Driven by the MLR and InsureCo admin ratio benefits, our combined ratio improved 500 basis points year-on-year to 96.7%. Our adjusted administrative expense ratio of 19.5% improved 420 basis points year-on-year due to the aforementioned improvements in the InsureCo admin ratio, lower holdco expenses and higher net investment income.
Our strong operating results drove another consecutive quarter of total company profitability with an adjusted EBITDA of $36 million. Our first half 2023 adjusted EBITDA of $87 million is nearly $200 million higher than the same period last year. We are very pleased with our results to date and the momentum we've seen throughout the first half of the year.
Shifting to the balance sheet. We ended the second quarter with $3.8 billion of cash and investments, including $250 million of cash and investments at the parent. As a reminder, we expect second quarter cash will be a high-watermark for both cash and investment income for the year as a large working capital benefit from our RA payable wears off next quarter. We expect to pay out the 2022 risk adjustment in August, and our lower projected 2023 risk transfer will continue to build throughout the year.
Our capital position remains very strong. Our subsidiaries had approximately $840 million of capital and surplus, including $290 million of excess capital, driven by solid operating performance through the first 6 months of the year. We believe our excess capital positions us well to fund future growth and allows us additional opportunities to optimize our capital position over time.
Based on our encouraging first half results, we are making a few updates to our 2023 guidance. We now expect our MLR will be towards the low end of the 82% to 84% range. Our lower MLR and higher investment income is also projected to drive our insurance company adjusted EBITDA to the top end of the $20 million to $120 million profit range. Importantly, we anticipate our total company adjusted EBITDA loss will be at the high end of the range or towards a $75 million loss for the year.
In summary, our first half results increase our confidence in achieving insurance company profitability this year and lay a great foundation for total company profitability next year. We are very pleased with our progress to date and how we are positioned to execute in the back half of the year. As we look to the future, we believe our disciplined pricing approach, innovative offerings and industry-leading NPS sets us up well to win for many years to come.
Finally, I'd like to say that coming back to an operating role at Oscar has been a wonderful experience and a real privilege. The finance team is in great hands with Scott, and his contributions as Chief Transformation Officer have set us up well for success. As Mark also noted, I'm feeling incredibly optimistic about the company's future and believe we have the right plan, people and strategy in place to execute on our goals. I look forward to continuing to work with Mark, Scott and the rest of the management team from my seat on the Board.
With that, let me turn the call over to Mark for final comments.
Mark Thomas Bertolini
Thanks, Sid. In summary, we've had a strong first half of 2023. Our results show that our discipline, focus and execution are delivering meaningful impact across our business. We are on track with all of our key metrics and expect to achieve insurance company profitability this year and total company adjusted EBITDA profitability in 2024.
As we look to the remainder of 2023, we see more tailwinds than headwinds, which we believe positions us well for 2024. We believe that the individual market is the future, and that our experience, consumer-focused approach, technology and capabilities will enable us to continue thriving amidst this dynamic environment.
I would like to thank the Oscar employees for their continued dedication and focus. They are the reason why we continue to be in a position to serve our members and make health care more affordable, convenient and accessible for people across the country.
With that, I'd like to turn the call over to our operator for the Q&A portion of the call.
Question and Answer Session
Operator
(Operator Instructions) Your first question comes from the line of Stephen Baxter from Wells Fargo.
Stephen C. Baxter
Just to make sure we have this right. I heard the commentary on the risk adjustment. 2022 came in favorable, but you didn't take much of it through to MLR EBITDA. If you could maybe help us with the impact on either line, just how that translated through the P&L, that would be great.
And then just to confirm the approach on 2023, it sounds like the initial read you're getting from Wakely is favorable relative to your initial assumptions, but that hasn't yet been reflected in either your results this quarter or the revised full year guidance that you provided because you're taking a bit of a wait-and-see approach on that. If could you just confirm those couple of things, it would be very helpful for us.
Siddhartha Sankaran
Steve, it's Sid here. Thanks for the questions. First, on 2022, effectively on 2022, we did see favorability in our final RA submission. That was offset somewhat by an accrual that we put up for RADV. And I would articulate our position as being cautious around margin with respect to 2022 claims. So we did top up the IBNR somewhat.
As you look to 2023, while it's early, I would say the initial Wakely submission was more favorable than we had anticipated at this point in the year. And we did highlight that we do expect lower risk transfer in 2023. So we did have some partial favorability flow through into the P&L this quarter, but I would say, relative to the initial Wakely report, it was a small amount of favorability. And we'll follow our process over the course of the year. And as the data emerges and we get more confidence in the data, we'll revisit that accrual in the coming quarters.
Operator
Your next question comes from the line of Jonathan Yong from Credit Suisse.
Jonathan Yong
I just want to go to Florida. Your enrollment cap was recently moved. So how are you thinking about any benefit as members are redetermined in the back half of the year there? And just in the markets generally? And then separately, I believe there was a restriction on extracting capital from the Florida sub as part of the agreement. Just curious how this changes your approach to the market given so much of the capital was in Florida.
Siddhartha Sankaran
Well, I think vis-a-vis new -- it's Sid here. Thank you, Jonathan. I think vis-a-vis new members, we'll be eligible to enroll new members and we expect that, that will occur as kind of standard business as usual as we return to the exchange. And those members, I think we previously talked about the profitability dynamics of SEP members. So nothing different there.
Vis-a-vis our return to the Florida market, I would just call out probably one thing. The terms of our agreement are effectively consistent with our agreement when we entered the state with respect to the regulators. So we always have targeted having constructive and proactive relationships with our regulators. We expect that to continue, and we're very grateful for everyone's support as we have reentered Florida and are excited to, yet again, have another successful open enrollment.
Jonathan Yong
Okay. Great. And I think you mentioned that you see some increased benefits on the PBM side. Just curious what else you see on the PBM side beyond the initial contracting that you conducted?
Siddhartha Sankaran
Yes. No, Sid here again. Nothing much I would add to that. I think, obviously, we've had a successful renegotiation to our PBM contract. I think you heard from Mark in prior calls that, that process will -- was reevaluated with respect to our contract in 2023 and that we would anticipate that, that benefit will continue to accelerate in 2024. So nothing new to add there.
Mark Thomas Bertolini
And we'll continue -- this is Mark. We'll continue to look at the medical list and pricing quarter-to-quarter as we talk with our vendor.
Operator
Your next question comes from the line of Michael Ha from Morgan Stanley.
Hua Ha
As we look to next year and your ability to hit enterprise profitability, just given your optimism around membership growth next year, if you do achieve very strong membership growth, I'm curious, is there a level of growth next year that you believe could potentially place some pressure on your ability to achieve profitability? Or do you believe you're in a strong-enough position now at constant scale, where you can realize enough operating leverage regardless of the magnitude of growth next year?
And then you also mentioned expanding your footprint in more than half of your space. As we think about the composition of that growth, does it matter where that growth ultimately comes from, newer or older existing markets, and your ability to hit profitability?
Siddhartha Sankaran
Michael, it's Sid here. I'd probably make 2 points in response to your question. First is -- your first question, I think I think it's important to just remind ourselves that Oscar really has been an execution story. And to quote Mark, we're very focused on increasing that internal capital generation. So as we grow and as evidenced really by our financial performance in the first half of the year, you see that on the MLR side, we've been pricing for margin expansion. And we have had a real strong focus on best performing markets and staying disciplined. So new membership and new membership growth is really positive operating leverage to our story. And so we don't really see growth, I would say, constraint to achieving that profitability target.
With respect to the second question, I think we've also commented about this. I think the vast bulk of our markets right now are really performing at target MLRs. And so we've highlighted that in the individual market, with some of the exits that we've made, we're very confident in our current market performance. As you know, pricing has just been released and early, but obviously, we're pricing in line or above trends. And so based on the current portfolio of how the individual market is performing and again, just looking at the financial performance through the first half of the year, you're starting to see that definitively in the P&L. We feel good about both the expansion into new markets and how current markets are performing. So no real flags there.
Hua Ha
Great. And if I could just ask one follow-up question about, I guess, the bridge to membership growth next year. If you were to bridge it, which bucket would you deem as being the most significant to achieving that at least 20% premium revenue growth next year? Could it be the Florida enrollment cap removal, toggling broker commissions back up or your 2024 rate strategy? Any color there would be great.
Mark Thomas Bertolini
We're looking to diversify this, Mark -- Michael, we're looking to diversify our revenue across more markets. So we have priced appropriately and -- and with margin in mind in certain markets where we believe we can accelerate our growth in other markets. Florida will grow, but it won't grow at the kind of rates that supported us in 2022, which allows us from an operating leverage standpoint to be much more efficient in this whole period than we were in 2022. So we don't see the kind of ramp that you would expect with growth in the latter quarter of the year and then rolling into 2024.
Siddhartha Sankaran
Yes. And I would just highlight a couple of things. I think you heard in Mark's prepared remarks that our NPS was at an all-time high this quarter. I mean we really do not see any of our other competitors bringing to bear the customer experience or innovation that Oscar does. And so we're very pleased with how NPS has landed so far and expect to continue to invest in the member experience.
Mark Thomas Bertolini
And we'll be using Campaign Builder as a tool and reenrollment. And growth in this fall enrollment, as we begin to address directly to our members on the opportunities they have here at Oster.
Operator
Your next question comes from the line of Gary Taylor from Cowen.
Gary Paul Taylor
Just had a couple of questions. One, followed your commentary on the '22 and '23 risk adjustment, payable accrual and the offset that you called out for RADV accrual and IBNR. Question was, why are the claims payable on the balance sheet down about $100 million sequentially with -- including this IBNR boost? I mean, it just implies inventories are down pretty substantially sequentially?
Mark Thomas Bertolini
We -- as I said in the first quarter call, we have worked very hard at making sure that we are efficient in collecting our risk-adjusted information, settlements with providers and our excess reinsurance coverage. We can't do that with claims in backlog. So we have worked the backlog down. And while we haven't pulled all the way that through the triangles, we believe that it's a huge opportunity for us to be more efficient and get as much internally generated capital as we can.
Siddhartha Sankaran
Yes. So Gary, just adding -- it's Sid here, adding a little bit more color to that. We did, in particular this quarter, to Mark's point, as part of a deliberate operational strategy, have 3 effectively large settlements that we cleared out this quarter. And so one of the reasons you've seen our DCP be so high is as we have had a fair amount of bulk reserves up for those settlements. So as those work down, you should expect DCPs will come back a little bit more in line, which will probably higher than the market, but hopefully, our trend line brings the DCPs down.
Mark Thomas Bertolini
Sooner or later, you run out of claims.
Gary Paul Taylor
So we should still expect it to come down, and there's no P&L impact to that. It's a cash flow dynamic?
Mark Thomas Bertolini
That's right because (inaudible).
Gary Paul Taylor
Got it. And then just one more for me. Since AI is obviously very topical this year, and Mark, you discussed it a little bit. Can you give us a little more -- maybe some examples on -- you talked about AI interventions. Are you talking about clinical interventions or flags with clinicians and providers? Or would these be more interventions with your beneficiaries? Like what are some of the examples you're talking about there?
Mario Tobias Schlosser
Gary, can you hear me in this microphone here?
Gary Paul Taylor
Yes. I was going to say Mark or Mario.
Mario Tobias Schlosser
Two examples that I love the most, and I really will invite people to go to the website. We've made the decision to open-source a bunch of our insights as we develop them and a bunch of our approaches to applying AI. Two examples, I like the most. One of them is having -- when we get claims traces out of our claims system, our a new system, which played a role also in making sure we can work with claims backlog down this much, we get these explanations of the claim system for how we pay the claim.
They're still very complicated to look at and difficult to parse. And so one, we have a language model now that can take those kind of system outputs and explain in much more natural language much more intuitively why a claim got paid or didn't get paid. And that is now being used by the internal claims folks to just get a quicker insight as to what the system did in a particular situation, but we're pushing this over time also towards providers to provide a web application that Oscar has towards members and so on. That's a very nifty example because it relies on the smart claim system that needs to be there to begin with. And then on top of that, can -- a language model can make an additional impact.
The other one is also in the claims system. It's the configuration provider contracts. When we get a provider contract, it's a 100-page contract or so with a hospital system. Very complicated. They have some text in there. It turns out we can put that into a language model. The model can then, in a very nice way, parse what's in there and kind of pre-fill for an internal contract in person, what the configuration of our system looks like. And we've built those configuration tools also over the past 2 or 3 years or so. Now fueling them with these language models is very powerful.
And Mark has articulated that we have big plans around +Oscar, modularization of that further and further. This kind of single-sided system that we built there is very powerful. And I think we're excited about bringing that to more and more organizations on the outside of Oscar as well, and they can now also benefit from these AI developments we have there. hioscar.com/ai, again, is the place to go to. There's a confluence page here or a notion page there you can -- that we update all the time. You can look at -- and see how that looks.
Gary Paul Taylor
Okay. I'll take a look. It sounds like the nearest term opportunities are still heavily focused on the administrative side, I think, as some others have talked about, if I am understanding...
Mario Tobias Schlosser
Yes. So I should answer that part of your question as well. Yes, we have a couple of clinical use cases that are in the virtual primary care practice, for example, around some summarizing lab results, but they all have a human in the loop. There's a lot of work happening right now around AI governance and clinical use cases. We tend to be at the forefront of helping do that, and with Ranmali and Steve here spearheading that. But on the operations side, there's so much more that can be done that, I think, clinical use cases are incredibly interesting for us. We can take a bit more time on rolling those out very thoughtfully.
Operator
Your next question comes from the line of Josh Raskin from Nephron.
Joshua Richard Raskin
Just SG&A or I guess, just the G&A expenses, when you take out stock comp in the quarter, it looks like they were up about, I don't know, $8 million, $9 million sequentially. And I don't know if stock comp is in any of the other line items, so that may be messing it up. But I'm just curious if actual dollars were up and kind of what's driving that?
Mark Thomas Bertolini
Yes. Josh, Mark. That is investments in the back end, things like fraud, waste and abuse and other services that we're paying for that we're getting in our underlying claims results.
Joshua Richard Raskin
All right. And that -- is it fair to say more than reinvesting some of the savings that you guys have found in terms of dollars down significantly year-over-year?
Mark Thomas Bertolini
Yes.
Joshua Richard Raskin
Okay. And then Mark, you've made an interesting comment that, over time, I know it's a longer-term question, you look to diversify beyond your current offerings. And then juxtapose that with the commentary you made around it's an individual market. Should we be thinking about larger offerings back into MA or other individual markets? I'm just curious, more color on that.
Mark Thomas Bertolini
Yes. There are 35 million people in the individual -- or in the insured -- remaining in the insured employer market and in the individual and small group and middle market employers. We see, mixed with our benefit plan designs focused on comorbidities and stabilizing that population, an opportunity to move more ably towards defined contribution where employers are less fearful of the fact that the few cases, sick cases in their employee population will blow up a defined contribution pool.
And so we can stabilize that part of the pool, then we're able to offer a more flexible benefit program to the remaining of the employers through ICRA and defined contribution. So that's one approach. We believe that's one where we have no fixed view of that market because we're not in it in a very significant way, where our competitors will be slower to move in approaching that marketplace. So that's a place we think we can excel at, in large part, because of our platform and our ability to reach customers more effectively and create a great member experience.
The other part is indeed Medicare Advantage. With the pressure on rates that will come from the federal government around risk adjustment, we believe we have nothing to lose. Others do, but we have an opportunity to power health systems by taking a negative 3% Medicare margins and turning them to something positive, let's call it, 4% versus 8%, where they can, for half of their book of business, really flip the earnings profile of their Medicare business and have a huge advantage for their institutions.
There's a lot of work that needs to be done there yet. We have to be able to fully externalize the platform, not just components. We need to have a system integration partner or partners. We're talking to a number of people that we will consider in that space so that we can do the right level of business process reengineering and partnership with these big health systems to get a new private label Medicare Advantage business.
Joshua Richard Raskin
Okay. Got you. So that's going to be narrowing network, MA, sort of the Oscar model, right, which will be high customer experience.
Mark Thomas Bertolini
Yes, yes, yes.
Operator
Your next question comes from the line of Kevin Fischbeck from Bank of America.
Kevin Mark Fischbeck
I wanted to go to the redetermination comment that you made earlier. I think you said that, that the risk pool is coming in a little bit better than you thought. I guess what had you been planning for as far as the risk pool? Did you think it would be equal to or worse than your current risk pool?
Siddhartha Sankaran
Yes. I think -- Kevin, it's Sid here. Previously, we've said that we thought it would be slightly higher acuity. So while it's still early and it hasn't been a material part of our portfolio as yet, it's come in a little bit better than we've expected, but it's still early and we'll continue to watch it.
Kevin Mark Fischbeck
And I guess when you think about the visibility into that. I guess, because obviously, it's relatively new membership. I mean, do you feel like during past SEPs when the new members come on that you have relatively real-time information into that acuity? Or does it take a quarter or 2 before you can really get a sense for where that is?
Siddhartha Sankaran
Well, I think, Kevin, as you know, honestly, every time you get a new member, there's a lag in terms of risk scoring and of course, some of the key drivers of the bill click pharmacy. But I think with respect to our data and systems, we have as good data and systems around the spaces as anybody in the industry. And so we feel we have a good line of sight into it.
Kevin Mark Fischbeck
And so when you think about how you price next year, because, obviously, next year, the membership is going to be coming in more fully from redeterminations, at least from a number of month perspective, but probably from a member as well. Did you also kind of assume that higher acuity into next year, so if ends up staying in this acuity, is that a tailwind? Or is that something that's still TBD in your final bids?
Siddhartha Sankaran
Well, I think as you look to pricing, you'll always want to have discipline and caution. So until you've realized the experience, we wouldn't price it. So I think we still take a cautious view around those Medicaid redeterminations. And obviously, again, from a pricing perspective, as the experience comes in, we can revisit that over time.
Kevin Mark Fischbeck
And then maybe just going back to another question about kind of that breakout of the membership growth that you think you guys can do next year. How fast do you think the market is going to grow next year between the determinations and everything else, like what the industry is going to be growing?
Siddhartha Sankaran
We have said before high teens for membership and low 20s for premium.
Kevin Mark Fischbeck
That's what you think the overall individual -- the exchange market will do?
Siddhartha Sankaran
Yes.
Operator
Your next question comes from the line of Nathan Rich from Goldman Sachs.
Nathan Allen Rich
Maybe just building up the last question. Could you maybe help put in context the geographic expansion? I know you said increasing your footprint in half your states. What's that kind of doing to the TAM that you can go after as we think about potential membership growth next year.
Siddhartha Sankaran
Yes, Nathan, it's Sid. Why don't I take that? I think first off, in the broader market, we don't yet know where final pricing and size will be in terms of our growth. But we think there's a material TAM increase from us -- for us. The biggest driver we've talked about is rural service areas where we have deep provider relationships and folks are excited to grow with us.
I think at the same time, another unique driver we have is innovative product offerings, which Mark has talked about, and those enable us to tackle different segments of the marketplace. So ideally, for us, as we think about it, that's kind of double-digit TAM growth. But obviously, a lot depends on final pricing and where things land in different marketplaces.
Nathan Allen Rich
Okay. Great. That's helpful. And then, Mark, you had mentioned bringing in new leadership for +Oscar. Any change in kind of priorities or opportunities for that business from your point of view?
Mark Thomas Bertolini
The areas where we will focus with the new leadership is to accelerate our +Oscar development. Now that we are comfortable with our ability to deliver on profitability, although we won't lose that focus, we now want to start hardening the platform in ways that we can get external to the market sooner rather than we otherwise thought we could.
And we think bringing leadership on now, not from the standpoint of development, and building out the platform, which Mario and his team have done very well so far and will continue to do, it's more about the commercialization and go-to-market side of +Oscar and how do we address the market. The component-driven approach, which components will come next, but also how do we season the market in a way where we can approach a full platform with other actors in the health care ecosystem.
The other person going on board is the person that will help us focus on long-term strategy and the cadence necessary to deliver on that strategy over time. And so I have a way of approaching strategy that we used at Aetna, a management process that supports it and a reward mechanism that incents it. And so we're building that out as we speak. And this person coming on board will be the person that will help drive on that side of the business.
Operator
There are no further questions at this time. This concludes today's conference call. You may now disconnect.
