Q3 2023 Comtech Telecommunications Corp Earnings Call

Participants

Ken A. Peterman; Chairman, President & CEO; Comtech Telecommunications Corp.

Michael A. Bondi; CFO; Comtech Telecommunications Corp.

Robert Samuels; CIO; Comtech Telecommunications Corp.

Asiya Merchant; VP & Analyst; Citigroup Inc., Research Division

George Charles Notter; MD & Equity Research Analyst; Jefferies LLC, Research Division

Gregory John Burns; Senior Equity Research Analyst; Sidoti & Company, LLC

Joichi Sakai; Equity Research Analyst; Singular Research, LLC

Joseph Anthony Gomes; Senior Generalist Analyst; NOBLE Capital Markets, Inc., Research Division

Presentation

Operator

Welcome to Comtech's Fiscal Q3 2023 Earnings Conference Call. As a reminder, this conference is being recorded today, Thursday, June 8, 2023.
I would now like to turn the conference over to Mr. Robert Samuels of Comtech. Please go ahead, sir.

Robert Samuels

Good afternoon, everyone, and thanks for taking the time to dial in today. I'm Rob Samuels, Comtech's Head of Investor Relations. Welcome to the Comtech Telecommunications Corp.'s Conference Call for the Third Quarter of Fiscal Year 2023.
Today, I'm here with Comtech's Chairman, President and Chief Executive Officer, Ken Peterman. We're also joined by Mike Bondi, our CFO.
Before we get started today, I'll say that both myself and Ken are always available to answer questions our investors may have. So please get in touch if you want to organize a meeting to talk about the company, our results or our strategy. We also have a detailed discussion of the quarter in our shareholder letter available on our website, and we have also been working to communicate directly about our business and our market between quarters in our blog, Comtech Signals. Finally, let me remind you of the company's safe harbor language.
Certain information presented in this call will include, but not be limited to, information relating to the future performance and financial condition of the company; the company's plans, objectives and business outlook and the plans, objectives and business outlook of the company's management. The company's assumptions regarding such performance, business outlook and plans are forward-looking in nature and involve significant risks and uncertainties. Actual results could differ materially from such forward-looking information. Any forward-looking statements are qualified in their entirety by cautionary statements contained in the company's Securities and Exchange Commission filings.
Now I am pleased to introduce the President and Chief Executive Officer of Comtech, Ken Peterman. Ken?

Ken A. Peterman

Thanks, Rob. Hello, everyone, and thanks for joining us.
In less than 2 weeks from today, my senior leadership team will spend the day with me, speaking in depth about our company and its future at our first-ever Investor Day. We are holding this exciting event in our state-of-the-art facility in Chandler, Arizona, and we invite you to confirm attendance as soon as possible, if you haven't already.
Since I took the role of CEO and President of Comtech just 10 months ago, our business has embarked on a transformational journey that has been both exciting and challenging, filled with notable achievements and valuable discoveries. We set forth on a comprehensive strategy to reshape the enterprise, enhance operational efficiency and ushering a new era of hybridized connectivity, with Comtech's expertise and technology leading the way. Now as we approach the end of year 1 of our journey, I'm proud to report that we are right where we want to be, if not slightly ahead of schedule.
The first thing I'll call out, which Mike will speak to shortly, is that we have delivered 3 sequential quarters of revenue and adjusted EBITDA improvement. In fact, this marks our sixth consecutive quarter of top line revenue growth, which is to say I am very pleased with the direction and credibility that we are establishing around our financial performance.
As pleased as I am with Comtech's overall financial performance and upward trajectory in our results, I want to highlight that since I became CEO and President, we have met or exceeded the guidance we have offered to our investors. That is important to me personally because I believe this demonstrates that Comtech is intent on meeting several key commitments we made to our investors since day 1 of my tenure.
Now let's take a few moments to examine what our collective team has accomplished within just these first 10 months.
First, let's discuss our growth initiatives. We established EVOKE as our technology incubator here at Comtech, securing valuable technology partnerships and beginning a series of collaborative customer workshops to accelerate our ability to support customers with more complete solutions. We strengthened incumbent positions across our portfolio, spanning a variety of attractive, growing end markets. And we positioned ourselves to exploit emerging wireless and satellite technology and communications inflection points by leveraging our established market positions as launch platforms for growth.
Next, let's discuss our profit improvement initiatives. We assimilated our historically disparate siloed businesses into two streamlined segments operating on common tools and processes. We launched strategic goal deployment processes throughout the enterprise to measure progress against meaningful KPIs to establish a foundation from which to significantly improve our operational performance. We implemented profit improvement initiatives that will meaningfully reduce operational costs and improve our margins, financial performance and enhanced shareholder value. And finally, we identified opportunities to strengthen our balance sheet and our financial flexibility.
Now as for our human capital and our ESG DEIB initiatives. We launched our first ever company-wide People Strategy, recognizing that people are one of our most important assets. By solidifying strategic partnerships with leading technology universities, we established our first-ever company-wide university internship program to develop a more robust talent pipeline. And to accelerate our progress toward One Comtech, we continued to attract experienced thought leaders with proven track records and directly relevant industry experience. I must say that I am particularly excited about the additions of Mr. Don Walther and Ms. Nicole Robinson to our team, and I'll speak to that more a little later.
Notably, our People Strategy extends beyond the organic development of our talent pipeline and even the addition of proven leaders to our team. Our strategy also includes regular assessments of the capabilities, experiences and skill sets of our Board members to ensure continued alignment with our short- and long-term goals and objectives. To that end, it is my pleasure to announce our 2 newest board members effective June 15, 2023.
The Honorable Ellen M. Lord. Ms. Lord formally served as the U.S. Under Secretary of Defense for Acquisition and Sustainment through January of 2021. In this capacity, Ms. Lord was responsible to the Secretary of Defense for all matters pertaining to acquisition, logistics and material readiness, the acquisition workforce itself and even the defense industrial base. Prior to this appointment, Ms. Lord served as the President and Chief Executive Officer of Textron Systems Corporation, a subsidiary of Textron Inc., where she led a multibillion-dollar business with a broad range of products and services supporting defense, homeland security, aerospace, infrastructure protection and customers around the world, importantly, the same global growth markets that Comtech looks to serve.
Lieutenant General Bruce T. Crawford, retired. Lieutenant General Crawford became the U.S. Army's Chief Information Officer, the CIO/G-6, in August of 2017 and served in this role through his retirement in July 2020. A recipient of the Distinguished Service Medal with one Oak Leaf Cluster among other awards and decorations, Lieutenant General Crawford was the principal adviser to the Secretary of the U.S. Army, setting strategic direction and objectives for one of the largest employers in the world and supervising all U.S. Army command, control, communications and computers, or C4, and information technology functions, making Lieutenant General Crawford an ideal candidate for Comtech's Board as we seek to serve and support the convergence of multiple network modalities and technology inflections at home and abroad.
Now let me speak to our financial results. A clear indicator that our commitment to One Comtech is working will be consistent improvements in our financial performance.
For the past several quarters, we have streamlined our business operations and reduced our operating costs. This has enabled us to meet or exceed our financial targets for net sales and adjusted EBITDA while managing complex economic risk. As you can see from the results reported today, we delivered improved performance while remaining focused during this transformational period where we are driving significant change across our business.
Specifically, Comtech grew net sales for the sixth consecutive quarter. Cash flow provided by operating activities for the quarter was $16.6 million. We improved adjusted EBITDA to $12.5 million or a 9.2% margin. We announced 3 new EVOKE technology partnerships with Aarna Networks, Descartes Labs and WishKnish, in addition to Sirqul, our first publicly announced EVOKE technology partner. And looking ahead, we expect our fourth quarter fiscal 2023 results to improve, with consolidated net sales anticipated to grow sequentially between 2% and 4% and for consolidated adjusted EBITDA margins to be in the range of 9.5% to 10.5% of consolidated net sales.
We expect to realize ongoing benefits from our investments to restructure and optimize operations. In particular, our benchmarking efforts conducted to date as a part of this transformation are providing key insights into opportunities to improve efficiencies and accelerate decision-making. At the start of this journey, I stated that we needed to act swiftly and with purpose, and it's clear that we are meeting this goal. We believe that our lean initiatives implemented during the third and fourth quarters of our fiscal 2023 will yield a more favorable cost structure for our business as we approach the start of our fiscal 2024. These actions target multiple aspects of our business and involve all levels of management as we move aggressively to improve our business processes by leveraging the expertise and proven track record of our refreshed leadership team. We are sensitive, of course, to the impact these changes have on certain members of our team but remain committed to building a stronger Comtech.
As planned during this past quarter, we completed our migration to our state-of-the-art technology and manufacturing facility in Chandler, Arizona. This facility is at the center of our One Comtech transformation and houses some of our most innovative research and development initiatives, including our EVOKE innovation foundry and our new Customer Experience Center.
We look forward to hosting our Investor Day at our Chandler facility on Wednesday, June 21, to offer a first-hand experience of how our vision is becoming a reality. You'll be able to meet the team during our transformation and have opportunities to experience some of the innovation and cutting-edge technology at the heart of our strategy to drive One Comtech.
During our upcoming Investor Day, you will hear us discuss how we are not simply fluent in the future, we are creating it today, bringing to life the future of Comtech and the market itself. Importantly, while it is vital to look as far down the road as possible, and even see around corners, we must not lose sight of the present. For us, that means solving our customers' toughest problems today and strategically partnering with them to leverage our culture of innovation and accelerating technology trajectories to overcome their current and future challenges like never before.
Over time, our markets have evolved and are growing. Satellite and terrestrial network infrastructures will blend and hybridize toward ubiquity on a global scale. It is clear to us that we can create value, not just by transporting data across these blended networks but by leveraging data to reveal insights that create customer value in new and differentiated ways. We believe Comtech is well positioned to exploit the opportunities created by these convergences due to our technology leadership and incumbent positions in the underlying capabilities that provide these data-enabled insights. Further, we expect Comtech's longstanding technology leadership and increasingly innovative culture to identify new ways to accelerate growth and profitability.
The foundation that we are building today is already delivering improved performance. As we launch our lean initiatives, continue to streamline our cost structure, further optimize performance and instill a culture of discipline and commitment, we are creating a sustainable framework that we believe will create shareholder value for years to come.
We are genuinely excited about Comtech's future, and we are committed to delivering results every single day for our customers, our partners, employees and shareholders.
In summary, indicators of our progress are clearly visible all around us, and I believe that our transformation to One Comtech is working and that our future is bright. Mike?

Michael A. Bondi

Thanks, Ken. For Q3 fiscal 2023, we recorded $136.3 million of consolidated net sales, of which $82.2 million or approximately 60% were reported in our Satellite and Space Communications segment and $54.1 million were reported in our Terrestrial and Wireless Networks segment. Our third quarter net sales represented a 1.9% sequential increase over last quarter and, as Ken mentioned, our sixth consecutive quarterly increase. Compared to Q3 fiscal 2022, our Q3 fiscal 2023 net sales increased $14.2 million or 11.6%, primarily reflecting significantly higher net sales in our Satellite and Space Communications segment.
Our consolidated gross profit percentage for Q3 fiscal 2023 was 31.7% and primarily reflects an increase in net sales and overall product mix changes including significantly higher net sales of our troposcatter and SATCOM solutions to U.S. government customers within our Satellite and Space Communications segment which, as a reminder, historically achieved a lower gross profit percentage than the recurring-type software-based sales included in our Terrestrial and Wireless Networks segment. Also contributing to the change in margin was that Q3 fiscal 2022 benefited from lower warranty expense in light of the reduced level of sales activity during that prior year period.
As explained in more detail and reconciled in our Form 10-Q filed earlier today, we utilized a non-GAAP measure that we refer to as adjusted EBITDA. Q3 fiscal 2023 adjusted EBITDA was $12.5 million or 9.2% of consolidated net sales as compared to $11.2 million or 9.2% of consolidated net sales in Q3 fiscal 2022. The increase in dollars primarily reflects the benefit of our One Comtech lean initiatives implemented through April 30, 2023, offset in part by a lower gross profit percentage.
Bookings this past quarter totaled $102.8 million, representing a quarterly book-to-bill ratio of 0.75x. Our current revenue visibility approximates $1.1 billion and is equal to the sum of our $668.4 million of funded backlog plus the total unfunded value of certain multi-year contracts that we have received and from which we expect future orders.
Overall, our consolidated Q3 fiscal 2023 net sales and adjusted EBITDA were in line with our guidance provided last quarter.
Now I will turn it back over to Ken for some closing remarks. Ken?

Ken A. Peterman

Thanks, Mike. As excited as we are about how our culture of innovation, technology leadership and the power of collaboration enabled by our transformation to One Comtech is creating a bright future, we are more deeply focused than ever before toward meeting our daily commitments to our customers, our shareholders and ourselves.
The foundation that we are building today is already delivering improved performance. As we launch our lean initiatives, continue to streamline our cost structure, further optimize performance and instill a culture of discipline and commitment, we are creating a sustainable framework that we believe will create shareholder value for years to come.
Now regarding new additions to our leadership team. As I mentioned earlier, we are attracting a lot of excitement across our markets, and this quarter, we continued to enhance our leadership team with several key appointments designed to maximize our ability to compete and deliver across our global market segments. We appointed Don Walther as Comtech's new Chief Legal Officer; and Nicole Robinson as Chief Strategy Officer.
Don has significant technology and aerospace industry experience in both public and private companies in the commercial and defense sectors with his previous experiences at ITT and Boeing. He will focus on ensuring Comtech's competitive differentiation through contracts is preserved and protected. Nicole is well known across our industry. Prior to joining Comtech, she served as President of Ursa Space Systems, a leading satellite intelligence and data analytics provider. She will focus on creating and implementing priority space business pursuits, oversee the development and implementation of new technologies, orchestrate global growth initiatives and lead other priorities related to geospatial imagery and data as well as space communications in both U.S. and international markets.
Regarding our EVOKE partners. In the early days of my tenure as CEO, we envisioned and then established EVOKE as Comtech's innovation foundry, which is dedicated to creating and accelerating transformational changes in global technologies. And we believe that EVOKE will enhance our existing technologies and service offerings, examples include cloud-native satellite ecosystems, 5G advanced services and as-a-service business models, as well as allow us to pioneer entirely new ideas and opportunities with the benefit of multiple perspectives, industry backgrounds and areas of expertise. Through partnership, we are able to quickly prototype ideas and test for market readiness. This new and rapid method will allow us to expand our capabilities and could potentially allow us to capture market share at an unparalleled rate.
During the most recent quarter, we were pleased to announce that we added several new partners to EVOKE's growing roster, including Aarna Networks, Descartes Labs and WishKnish Corporation. By combining Aarna Networks' technologies with Comtech's Dynamic Cloud Platform, the companies anticipate enabling customers to easily add and manage a variety of open architecture, cloud-based applications across private, hybrid and public networks in both terrestrial and non-terrestrial environments. Descartes Labs will work with Comtech to infuse the power of artificial intelligence, machine learning, predictive intelligence and insight monitoring across Comtech's product offerings. As for WishKnish, we plan to collaborate with them on integrating highly secure, flexible distributed ledger, or blockchain, technologies across diverse commercial and government applications.
Looking ahead, not only can you expect to see Comtech foster partnerships with businesses for multiple sectors but also with leading universities around the world to ensure we remain at the forefront of emerging technologies. We intend to match the rate of change we see transforming global communications by forging collaborative partnerships across industries and academia to ultimately create value for individuals, communities, governments and businesses in a new era of connectivity.
So in summary, as I approach my 1-year anniversary leading Comtech, I am even more excited today than I was on August 10 of last year when I took on this role as your President and Chief Executive Officer.
My increasing excitement stems from a variety of factors. The assimilation of our legacy business silos in the 2 business segments allows us to be more collaborative and agile with respect to decision-making. The profit improvement initiatives we are implementing are further improving efficiencies in our business. The rollout of company-wide processes is instilling stronger and more consistent process discipline, improving operational effectiveness and optimizing business performance. EVOKE has fostered collaboration with new technology partners and is positioning us for accelerated growth and the ability to exploit emerging and converging markets and technologies. Our customer workshops are revealing immediate opportunities to create more comprehensive customer value. As satellite and terrestrial network infrastructures blend and hybridize on a global scale, we believe we can create value not just by transporting data across these blended networks but by leveraging data to reveal insights that could create customer value in new, unique and differentiated ways.
Again, I believe that Comtech is positioned to win in a rapidly evolving market that is demanding faster innovation, better collaboration, improved agility and more comprehensive customer value than ever before. Our communications network infrastructures are evolving, and we have clear opportunities to leverage our technology leadership in connectivity and data transport to provide data-enabled customer insights. Further, this value creation can be monetized in innovative ways that we believe will significantly enhance shareholder value. Finally, the hard work we have done these past 10 months is building the foundation we need and paving the way for exciting days ahead.
Now in closing, before we take your questions, I'll quickly make some final observations. We are only 10 months in, and we're only getting started. We have a refreshed leadership team with experience and knowledge who are moving quickly and with purpose. Our Board has also been refreshed with some of the industry's leading professionals. Our EVOKE partners are some of the most dynamic and exciting experts in their fields, and we are leaner and more agile as we relentlessly turn towards the future to solve our customers' most pressing challenges and bring unprecedented value to them, our people and to our shareholders.
With that, I look forward to meeting with you on June 21. And as always, I appreciate your engagement and continued support.
Now I'll turn it back over to Rob.

Robert Samuels

Thanks, Ken. Operator, we will now open the call for questions.

Question and Answer Session

Operator

(Operator Instructions) And our first question will come from Joe Gomes with NOBLE Capital.

Joseph Anthony Gomes

Congrats on the quarter. So I wanted to start out on the Terrestrial and Wireless Networks segment. Revenues there have been pretty flat over the past 5 quarters. Bookings have been down for 4 straight quarters. Just trying to get a better idea of what is occurring in that segment. Maybe give a little update on some of the 911 clients. You talked previously about getting some of these big states, Pennsylvania, South Carolina, et cetera, out of the deployment phase. Just trying to get a little better understanding of where that business stands today and where we can see it going here in the near future.

Michael A. Bondi

Joe, this is Mike. I'll take that question. So certainly a good question and one that we do plan to address more in more detail during Investor Day. But broadly speaking, we are expecting growth to come, in terms of some of our short-term and long-term initiatives, through tracking several state awards. You did reference some of that. We have been tracking like the Ohio opportunity there. We believe that it's still moving through the House and Senate and going to the Governor for signature. So I think that's when we'll have to just watch the news in the next couple of weeks.
In terms of our Southwest customer, I think that one is moving around a little bit in terms of how that might come to us, but we believe that we have services and solutions that only we can provide for that opportunity set. And so we would expect at some point that to hit, but that's one to watch. We also had 2 state RFPs that we had submitted our proposal responses for. One was back in December and the other was back in May time frame. So there, we're just waiting for the down-selection process to start.
And then I would say other initiatives that we're tracking would be to sort of bring NG-911 type solutions to military bases. We spent some time trying to assess that market and we believe that, that is a good ground for us to attack; also looking at machine-to-machine and AI solutions, infusing that technology into 911 applications, sort of taking it up in the tier, if you will, to providing as-a-service to those clients.
We also have thought about bringing some added insights to the PSAP so that they could do more, say, smart dispatching with better analytics in front of them as they're trying to assess an emergency situation. And we also have targeted taking our location-based services platform to international customers. We've had really good success here in the U.S. with the Tier 1 carriers in rolling out their 5G platforms. And as we progress with those opportunities, we think that the international market is the next step there. So in 2024, we definitely feel that's an area where we will attack.
And generally speaking, I think we have a view of as-a-service as a theme as we are trying to transition this segment from being beyond just a 911 upgrade provider or call routing. I think there are other things that we can do for commercial entities, and we'll talk more about that during Investor Day.

Joseph Anthony Gomes

Okay. And then looking at SG&A for the quarter, obviously, it was impacted by about $4 million of restructuring costs, which are a little bit higher than Q1 and Q2. If we're looking out here at Q4, should we expect a third quarter type of level or more along the first or second quarter levels in terms of any restructuring charges?

Michael A. Bondi

Another good question. Yes, I think in terms of our expectations for Q4, with 2 months to go, I think at this point, it would be reasonable to assume a level similar to what we experienced in Q3.

Joseph Anthony Gomes

Okay. And one last one for me and I'll go back in queue. So I know that you've talked about this in the past, but again, the effective interest rate, over 10% in the quarter; the cash borrowing rate is almost at 9% in the quarter, maybe you can give us a little bit better update of what you guys are trying to do to minimize that or bring that back down a little bit, understanding that rates have been going up overall, but you guys are paying some pretty high interest expenses here.

Michael A. Bondi

Yes, it's definitely something, Joe, that we are focusing on. As we said in our last earnings call, we're not going to sit idle. We have a credit facility that comes current in October of 2023. And so we want to use time to our advantage. And we certainly, at this juncture, don't have something specific to say about capital structure and alternatives. But we are evaluating them. We are looking at this from a holistic point of view. We want to do something that's durational in nature. So we're not renegotiating a facility, say, in 1 or 2 years from now. We definitely heard feedback from our investors and lenders, and we'll take that into our calculus as we navigate through the next steps there.
On top of that, as part of our benchmarking processes and bringing process discipline to the table, we are looking at our investments in working capital. And we did a test this quarter to see that we could get down to proper leverage ratios that we have to plan for, for July, and we did that. So I think that's a great achievement on the team's part here. No small task there, but certainly, as we go through trying to grow the company and making investments to grow, we want to be disciplined to bring down our AR and inventory levels and bring our payment cycle with our vendors more in line with industry standards. We do recognize interest costs are 3x what they were about a year ago and certainly taking that into consideration, for sure. So I could tell you we're focused on that.

Operator

Our next question will come from George Notter with Jefferies.

George Charles Notter

I guess I wanted to ask about margins. Obviously, a softer quarter on gross margin here, and certainly, it's coming from the Satellite and Space business. And I heard what you said regarding tropo, but can you talk about kind of the puts and takes there? And what do you expect for the margin trajectory going forward?

Michael A. Bondi

Sure, I'll take that, George. So yes, in Q3, we did experience significantly higher net sales of our tropo and SATCOM solutions to the U.S. government and customers. I would want to point out in the details of it that there were 3 main items that we were delivering this quarter. One was the VSAT equipment to the U.S. Army. There, that equipment is coming off a contract where it's cost reimbursable. So as we have said in the past, those types of contracts, while they're good and they're good cash flow payers, they come with low profit margin. So that's just a legacy type transaction, if you will, that we had come through this quarter.
Also, as a second theme, we did ship out or started to perform on our U.S. Marine Corps project. So we're ramping up our activities there. And so that also, just as a reminder, a contract that was, I'll say, pre-COVID priced. We won that back in 2019, and it took a little while to get the order in the fall of 2022. And at this point in time, inventory is starting to show up, and we're working on our deliveries, but that had a significant influence, if you will, on the quarter just given that it was pre-COVID pricing with long lead times.
We also had in the quarter some additional COMETs that were -- or in the 9 months, if you will, that was in the first half of the year. We did sell off some COMETs destined for Ukraine. And while those carry higher margins, I think when you take all 3 of those and mix them up, for the quarter, we definitely had seen our sales percentage-wise for more in the Satellite and Space segment, and those have traditionally lower margins than Terrestrial and Wireless, as we discussed in the past, that have more software recurring-type sales and margins. So I think it was just a confluence of those transactions that impacted the margins.
Heading into Q4 and looking forward into FY '24, certainly with our One Comtech initiatives and looking at where things are headed, we do expect margins in Satellite and Space to improve. And that's something that we are also heavily focused on in terms of getting uplift there. So I think as we burn off, I'll say, backlog that had suboptimal pricing and burn that off and replace it with newer items, we would expect to see a turn in the margin.

George Charles Notter

Got it. That's great. And then you mentioned the COMET project to Ukraine. Was that the case where those products had been written off from an inventory perspective, and therefore, you sold them and they came through a really good margin and now we've got a non-repeat of that business this quarter? Is that the dynamic you're describing?

Michael A. Bondi

No, no. This was not a write-off -- a sale of written-off inventory. Back in 2022, around February of 2022 to be precise, we were tracking a pretty large order with Ukraine as the end customer or end user of the COMETs that got postponed when Russia invaded Ukraine. That opportunity, we thought, was never lost. It was just a matter of timing as they were transitioning to fight a ground war. And they finally came back to us in the August, September time frame to place the order. Given the urgent and compelling need of the equipment, we shipped it out expeditiously. And for the most part, that was in our Q1 and Q2. There was a little bit of additional units going out in Q3 but not to the scale that it was in Q1 and Q2.

Ken A. Peterman

But some extension and continuation of that initial order, George.

George Charles Notter

Got it. Okay. So it's a non-repeat of that business that hurt you by comparison relative to prior quarters. Okay. Super. That's all I had.

Ken A. Peterman

Got it. Thanks, George.

Operator

Our next question will come from Asiya Merchant with Citi.

Asiya Merchant

Could you walk us through some of the EBITDA margins also on the terrestrial side of things? Those were a little bit softer as well compared to last year. I know they increased sequentially, but maybe you can walk us through what's going on there with the margins. Is this like new contracts that are ramping up that just carry lower margins? And then as you look out into fiscal '24, are you expecting margins to kind of revert back to -- if you dial it back a couple of years ago, I think they were north of 20%. Is that reasonable to expect for fiscal '24 going forward?
And then just if I think about it, I think your fiscal 4Q outlook, up sequentially 2% to 4%. With the exception of perhaps 1 quarter where you guys had extraordinary sales back in 2018, that seems -- or is it 2020 quarter, which is obviously an odd year, it seems to be a little underwhelming relative to -- I mean, I know it's generally north of 4%. So I don't know 2% to 4%, midpoint of 3%, is that just baking in some conservatism here? If you can just kind of walk us through some of that, that would be great.

Michael A. Bondi

Okay. Yes, I will unpack. There are a few questions in there. In terms of the margins in Terrestrial and Wireless, this is another area we are definitely focused on as we move into FY '24. I think I speak for the team, we're all impatient as we're awaiting the award of several large opportunities to get us back to some economies of scale in the segment. But at the same time, while we're awaiting those awards, we are doing our benchmarking. And as part of our bringing the companies together in One Comtech, we have identified some opportunities to improve our margins going forward. And I talked a little bit about some of those initiatives to grow revenues and different types of revenues at a more software-based and moving up the tier, if you will, on margin.
But given the long-term nature of the backlog in Terrestrial and Wireless, it will take us some time to burn that off. They had lower margins in that NG-911 business. Those were the initial awards. It was a land grab, trying to win the work with the customers. They are great contracts to have. They're very long term in nature with renewals. So if we do a good job, we expect to see better margins as we continue to ramp up the recurring revenues and move into the renewal phases of those jobs. We're just not there yet.
We're probably a year or 2 away from seeing that happening. But nonetheless, we are ramping up those revenues. At the same time, it's taking on more of a percentage of the overall segment. And with the call routing business being sort of steady state, I think the margin percentages are getting influenced by the NG-911 business. But again, we're not going to just allow that to happen. We are addressing it. We're trying to come up with new revenue verticals and ways to get the margins up. We have taken out some costs in our March reduction in course. We have not seen the full benefit of that in Q3. And we do expect to see better margins as we go into '24. I won't give specific guidance yet on '24 EBITDA margins, but directionally, Asiya, that's sort of what we're thinking, is to get back to those historical margins.

Asiya Merchant

And do you think that's achievable in fiscal '24? I guess I'm just trying to understand. Like, I see that you obviously hopefully increased your EBITDA margin relative to fiscal '23, but are we...

Michael A. Bondi

Yes, I do. I want to speak for -- Ken might want to add something there. But from my perspective, I mean, we've initiated more than 1 or 2 initiatives in terms of contract and pricing, looking at optimization of our supply chain, going through layers of maybe redundancy in our management layers. We've looked at make-or-buy decisions. We've looked at new initiatives to grow revenue through EVOKE and partnering up with our EVOKE partners' technologies to create new revenue streams. So I do think with the culmination of all of those activities, we have line of sight to improving the margins substantially.

Ken A. Peterman

This is Ken. If you think of the time line, typically, in a situation like this, I mean, we go through maybe 10 to 12 months of discovery, understanding how each of our siloed business operates, what processes they use, how they do risk management and mitigation, how they do program management, supply chain, inventory management. It just touches every part of the organization. So it takes us some time to move across the organization, benchmark it and fully understand it. Then we're putting together the action plans to lean that out, apply best process across the board, across the entire enterprise.
And so we're just moving into the phase where we're going to see the impact and return on investment on the action plans, lean action plans, as well as the cost reduction plans that we're implementing holistically across the enterprise. So we will see that beginning now in the fourth quarter and then through FY '24. And that will have, I must say, a rolling and increasing impact as those were implemented and as we see the results of those actions. So yes, I think that characterizes FY '24 probably as well as I can.

Asiya Merchant

Okay. And then cash for the year, do you guys -- I mean you had a good decent quarter in terms of cash generation this quarter. I'm assuming next quarter will also be a cash flow positive quarter for you guys. Is that fair?

Michael A. Bondi

Asiya, in terms of how I'm looking at Q4, I mean, we still have 2 months to go. We have some large receivables and payables that we're managing. So it definitely will come down to the timing of things. But at this point, I would say that any cash coming in, in Q4 would likely go to pay down AP and also debt, just making sure we stay within our covenants. So I would expect it to be more closer to breakeven, maybe slightly positive, not expecting a repeat of Q3 typically.

Operator

Our next question comes from Chris Sakai with Singular Research.

Joichi Sakai

Can you talk about the decline in net bookings for the quarter? Was this just lumpiness in orders? And then also, where should we expect this? What would be a normalized rate for bookings in the future?

Michael A. Bondi

Chris, in terms of the bookings profile, we definitely started out the year very strong. We did have some very large items, some of which we just talked about with George. We had the COMETs come in. We also had some renewals with our Tier 1 carriers, their annual renewals. We also had received in Q2 a very large order from Yahsat, a new customer. Those are the types of orders you wouldn't expect to repeat from quarter-to-quarter. So when you actually strip those out, and you look at our bookings performance in Q3, I think we actually did a pretty good job when you take out the onetime items.
Going into Q4, I do think we see maybe a stronger bookings profile in Q4 than Q3. That's going to be also subject to timing. We always say that the timing of bookings is hard to predict and often lumpy. But I do think that you'll see an uptick in Q4.

Ken A. Peterman

Yes. I'll tell you that Q4 has, I think, traditionally been -- our Q4 has traditionally been a good quarter for us. We see the U.S. government looking to sweep up and spend money and we stand, in our positioning, to benefit from that. But other than that, I think it's just lumpiness. I don't think that there's a downward trend.

Joichi Sakai

Okay. Sounds good. And then what would be a good sort of normalized rate for gross profit? I know it was down to, what, about 32%. Should we expect that maybe around the 34%, 35% range?

Michael A. Bondi

Yes. On gross profit, Chris, I'll talk in terms of consolidated. Our view is, right now, we are going through a transformation. We are making changes to our business. And so while we do see improvements, we are also reinvesting and making some tough decisions to make us stronger as we go into 2024. So while we have an eye for margin improvement, I think Q4 might look similar to Q3. And as we move into next year, I would expect to see margin improvement. But I won't give a specific percentage right now. I think we'll give more wholesome guidance 1 quarter out when we get closer to the end of Q4.

Ken A. Peterman

I'll add, Chris, that the organization is going through significant transformation. Now there's a lot of changes going on across the organization. We're rolling out tools and processes. We're teaching people how to use those tools and processes. And those tools and processes will bear fruit in terms of streamlined, more efficient business operations. We're also going through a period where we're burning backlog. And to some degree, this backlog, some of it is pre-COVID pricing and that kind of thing, so we have to burn that off.
So I think that I'm quite pleased with the consistent performance, the ability of us to meet our commitments in terms of hitting our forecast. And I think the upward trend that we're experiencing in both sales and profitability is a positive sign that we can go through this difficult transformational period and still meet our commitments and still see an upward trajectory before we've actually seen the results and the impacts of the lean initiatives and cost reduction initiatives that we're implementing. So I'm real pleased by where we are right now and I'm encouraged and excited about what the next few quarters are going to hold as we start to see the benefits of that. I mean I would repeat again that we are on or ahead of the schedule that we put together 10 months ago.

Joichi Sakai

Okay. Great. Now you've mentioned that you're burning through some lower-margin backlog. Can you shed any light as to how much of that backlog, of the current backlog, is lower margin?

Michael A. Bondi

Yes, Chris, I'll take that one. I would say this is more prone to be within our Terrestrial and Wireless segment. There, we had booked a very large amount of contracts in the last couple of years. And those are multiyear contracts. So sitting here today, we have a couple of hundred million dollars of backlog. And we think that that's going to burn off over like a 24-month period of time. And so therefore, we're going to be facing this headwind in the background for a little bit as we reset that backlog. But it's more in the Terrestrial and Wireless segment.

Ken A. Peterman

And that's one of the reasons -- and of course, the cost reduction, the lean initiatives are working to offset or even more than offset any of that challenge.

Operator

Our next question will come from Greg Burns with Sidoti.

Gregory John Burns

So with these contracts on the Terrestrial and Wireless side, do you have a history of pricing power? Are you able to increase prices typically on renewals? Or are these kind of first time around, so not really sure how it's going to go? Can you give us any insight into your thoughts on your ability to improve the margin?

Michael A. Bondi

Sure, I'll take that. These are contracts in the Terrestrial and Wireless segment that were competitive in nature and they were definitely first of their kind, so this is the first go-around. We felt that these were important contracts for us. We wanted to be in this space. And we competed and we won the work. And so these are 3- to 5-year contracts that, in terms of the base award, we had to put in some CapEx upfront. We have to depreciate that. As we get closer to the renewal side of it and we amortize off the CapEx and move into recurring revenues, we do expect to see the margin improvement. It is going to take some time. So I think we're, like I said, about maybe a year or 2 away from burning that off, and we'll be approaching some of these renewals. But we're not there yet.

Ken A. Peterman

This is Ken. I would add that these -- I refer to these sometimes as launch platforms, these incumbent contracts, where we've done the land grab, we've successfully won the state or the geography. And now you might have seen that there's a $14.8 billion funding bill for Next Gen 911 that passed the house unanimously. Now I'm not saying that money is going to come to the states quickly, but it does signal that there is a recognized need to move beyond human-to-human 911 calls today and move to machine-to-machine so that the Internet of connected things, Fitbit, a camera and a doorbell camera overlooking a street intersection, these kinds of machines in a 5G connected world can trigger a 911 call when they see a problem.
And that can't be handled by a human. That's going to have to be handled by a machine. It's going to drive the implementation of machine learning and AI solutions, data processing, cybersecurity. All those kinds of technologies are going to come into play. And the number of transactions, the number of 911-like calls, the number of transaction is going to go up. So this is a market that is going to experience a technology inflection over the upcoming couple of years. And the land grab that we successfully took initially is going to -- you can easily see where that will return improved profitability and growth as the technology inflection point really bends.

Gregory John Burns

Perfect. That's good color. And I just wanted to ask, you talked about the restructuring charges. This is also something you've called out strategic emerging technology costs. What is that? And is that going to be repeated?

Michael A. Bondi

Sure. The strategic emerging technology costs are related to a LEO customer of ours that we are taking our technology and upgrading it and enhancing it to meet the specs of their end-use applications. So this was something that we felt was important to show our real customer that we're ready to partner with them and as we prepare for, hopefully, production orders to start being placed, as their launch schedules are starting to approach that point in time where they need to start putting out some long-lead orders. So these are investments that we will continue to make. I would expect these to occur in Q4 and also as we navigate through fiscal '24. But as we get closer to production, I would say that would be the time where they would start to ramp down.

Gregory John Burns

Okay. So clearly this is work you're doing at the behest of the customer, this isn't something you're doing in hopes of obtaining orders from this customer. These orders are coming in some kind of reasonable time frame.

Michael A. Bondi

Yes. This is work that we're doing on our nickel. We have contracts with the end customer to do certain development work in the anticipation of also getting production orders down the line. So we do have contracts in place with the customer. But what we've decided to do is to work collaboratively. Given that this is a new market and this is a race, we felt that this is a great way to show our LEO customer that we're there to stand by them and support their endeavors. So we took it upon ourselves to, in this fiscal year, do some work at risk, if you will. But we think that this will pay dividends downstream as the constellation gets deployed. That's something that would be recurring.

Gregory John Burns

Right. Okay. And then lastly, in terms of EVOKE, could you give a time frame on when we might see some, I guess, you called them last quarter minimally viable products coming out of EVOKE, and maybe time frame to that and maybe a time frame to when maybe we might start to see some revenue coming from these partnerships.

Ken A. Peterman

Yes. Sure. I'll say a couple of things. First of all, our EVOKE partners have been very active with us. And if you are attending our Investor Day coming up in a couple of weeks, you will see their engagement. You will see the kind of collaborative things we're doing together. You will see how our technology, blended with their technology, creates more comprehensive customer values. And in fact, I can say also that we have, in fact, contracts in hand, subcontracts that we have let to some of those EVOKE partners.
We're not in a position -- look, it's very competitive as these growth initiatives take root. So we obviously have some sensitivity about that. But yes, we have some contracts in place. We're seeing these things get traction. Some of these are coming out of the workshops that we had with our prime customers, where they saw the value that Comtech could bring in our technology road maps, but they also saw the additional value that these partnerships bring. So we're moving forward to demonstrate that for those customers, show the value creation in the customer's currency not in a technical parameter but actually in customer parameter like additional subscribers on our network or additional revenue and profit creation, additional speed, reduction of operating costs or whatever it might be. So yes, we're not prepared to talk specifically about that. But yes, we are seeing those, good traction.

Operator

At this time, there are no further questions in the queue. So I would like to turn the call back over to Robert Samuels for any additional or closing remarks.

Robert Samuels

Thanks, operator. Thanks, Ken, Mike and everyone for dialing in today. As Ken said, there are additional details about our strategy and performance available in our investor letter and SEC filings, and we'll provide ongoing insights and signals. And as a reminder, we intend to be as responsive as we can with investors going forward. So for anyone with questions, please reach out to me directly and let's connect. We look forward to seeing you on the 21st in Arizona.
This concludes our third quarter call. We thank you for your continued support.

Operator

Thank you, ladies and gentlemen. This concludes today's program, and we appreciate your participation. You may disconnect at any time.