Q3 2023 TPG RE Finance Trust Inc Earnings Call
Participants
Deborah Ginsberg; VP, General Counsel & Corporate Secretary; TPG RE Finance Trust, Inc.
Doug Bouquard; CEO & Director; TPG RE Finance Trust, Inc.
Robert R. Foley; CFO; TPG RE Finance Trust, Inc.
Arren Saul Cyganovich; VP & Senior Analyst; Citigroup Inc., Research Division
Richard Barry Shane; Senior Equity Analyst; JPMorgan Chase & Co, Research Division
Sarah Barcomb; VP & and Commercial Mortgage REITs Analyst; BTIG, LLC, Research Division
Stephen Albert Laws; Research Analyst; Raymond James & Associates, Inc., Research Division
Presentation
Operator
Good morning, and welcome to the TPG Real Estate Finance Trust Third Quarter 2023 Earnings Conference Call. (Operator Instructions) Please note this event is being recorded. I would now like to turn the conference over to Deborah Ginsberg, General Counsel, Vice President and Secretary. Please go ahead.
Deborah Ginsberg
Thanks, Steven. Good morning, and thank you for joining us. Welcome to TPG Real Estate Finance Trust Conference Call for the Third Quarter of 2023. I'm joined today by Doug Bouquard, Chief Executive Officer; and Bob Foley, Chief Financial Officer. Doug and Bob will share some comments about the quarter, and then we'll open up the call for questions.
Yesterday evening, we filed our Form 10-Q and issued a press release and earnings supplemental with a presentation of our operating results, all of which are available on our website in the Investor Relations section. I'd like to remind everyone that today's call may include forward-looking statements, which are uncertain and outside of the company's control. Actual results may differ materially. For a discussion of some of the risks that could affect results, please see the Risk Factors section of our 10-Q and 10-K. We do not undertake any duty to update these statements, and we will also refer to certain non-GAAP measures on this call. And for reconciliations, you should refer to the press release and our 10-Q. With that, I turn the call over to Doug Bouquard, Chief Executive Officer of TPG Real Estate Finance Trust.
Doug Bouquard
Thank you, Deborah. Good morning, and thank you for joining our call. Over the past quarter, risk sentiment in the broader market has demonstrably shifted to the negative. The S&P 500 sold off nearly 10%. The 10-year treasury yield hit an all-time high since 2007 of over 5%, and the Fed has remained steadfast in its restrictive policies to slow the economy. Despite the Fed's policy, the labor market has remained resilient. The consumer continues to spend and the U.S. economy thus far has avoided a recession. Within the commercial real estate market, the move higher in interest rates and weakening risk sentiment has exacerbated many of the same headwinds facing the real estate sector earlier this year. Values are under further pressure, liquidity is constrained and transaction volumes remain low.
Furthermore, the secular challenges within the office space continue to grow as fresh equity and debt capital continues to avoid this property sector. Given the market backdrop, our posture and strategic position remains consistent with prior quarters. We maintain elevated levels of liquidity. We are patient on capital deployment, and we are proactively addressing credit-challenged assets across our balance sheet. Fortunately, it is challenging investment in climates like this where the depth and breadth of TPG's real estate investment platform truly shines. With over $20 billion of AUM across equity and debt strategies, we have valuable insights and perspectives that help drive our investment decisions.
Over the past quarter, our decline in net income was driven predominantly by the sale of 2 office assets, one of which we mentioned last quarter as a subsequent event. As we continue to reduce our exposure to the office market, these 2 sales reduced our exposure to a borrower experiencing significant operational and liquidity issues and reflected our belief that selling the loan now maximized value for shareholders. In contrast to those loan sales, we also extended 2 office loans where, in each case, the borrower has shown clear commitment to both executing their business plan and have contributed significant fresh equity to the property over the past year. These resolutions are consistent with our strategy to resolve credit challenged assets, whether through loan restructuring, owning a property via REO or a loan sale, we remain incredibly focused on maximizing shareholder value with a keen eye on the long-term growth of the company.
Over the past quarter, we received repayments totaling $297 million across multifamily, hotel and office exposure. We funded one $44 million loan, a 63 LTV hotel loan at a spread of SOFR plus 4.55%. Our investment pace remained slow by choice, but we remained excited about future prospects for the real estate lending opportunity set. Elevated interest rates, widening credit spreads and substantial pullback in lending appetite across the market, particularly by regional banks, will benefit TRTX over the long term. As a sign of the progress we continue to make, over the past quarter, we had a 42% reduction in nonaccrual loans on our balance sheet, a modest reduction in our CECL reserve and further progress on our office exposure. While our CECL reserve is elevated, we have a consistent record of resolving credit-challenged assets substantially in line with our reserves.
To put a finer point on office, over the past 18 months, we have reduced our office exposure by nearly $1.2 billion or approximately 53% in terms of principal balance. And we strongly believe that addressing office exposure is something to be done now, not in the coming years with a hope that interest rates will drop and the work-from-home trend will return to pre-Covid levels. We are addressing the secular issue head on, and we have executed this plan through a diversity of resolution strategies. Full principal payoffs, partial principal paydowns, loan modifications, loan sales in certain cases, take an ownership of assets if we determine that to be the value-maximizing path. To be very clear, we will continue to use every asset management tool at TPG's disposal to maximize shareholder value. I'm pleased to report we've executed this strategy while maintaining ample liquidity.
This quarter, we ended with $571 million of liquidity comprised of $302 million of cash and $238 million of reinvestment capacity within our CRE CLOs. We are acutely aware that our liquidity posture weighs on the earnings power of the company in the short term, we believe this is prudent from a risk management perspective and will benefit the company in the long term. Furthermore, as we were an early mover to acknowledge the paradigm shift afoot in the real estate market, particularly within office, we are confident that the investment decisions we have made over the past year will enable our company to take full advantage of the attractive real estate credit environment over the long term.
With that, I will turn the call over to Bob to discuss our financial results in greater detail.
Robert R. Foley
Thanks, Doug. Good morning, everyone, and thank you for joining us. Regarding operating results, GAAP net loss to common shareholders was $64.6 million for the third quarter compared to $72.7 million for the second quarter. This largely reflects the sale of 2 nonperforming loans, which generated losses for GAAP purposes of $109.3 million and the conversion to REO of an apartment property in L.A., which generated a GAAP loss of $7.3 million. CECL reserves were previously established for all of these loans. Net interest margin for our loan portfolio was $19.5 million versus $26.1 million in the prior quarter, a decrease of $6.6 million or $0.08 per common share, due almost entirely to loan repayments during the third quarter, loan repayments in full, I should say, of $261.3 million and in the second quarter of $236 million.
Distributable earnings declined quarter-over-quarter to a loss of $103.7 million versus a loss of $14.4 million in the prior quarter due largely to the realized losses from the nonperforming loans and REO conversion Doug mentioned. Distributable earnings before realized credit losses was $13.7 million or $0.18 per share as compared to $19.1 million or $0.25 per share in the prior quarter.
Nonperforming loans declined quarter-over-quarter by a full 42% to $318.1 million. 92% of our loan portfolio measured by UPB was performing at quarter end. If measured by net loan exposure, which is defined as UPB minus CECL reserves, 95% of our loan portfolio was performing at quarter end. Our CECL reserve decreased quarter-over-quarter by $41.7 million or 15% to $236.6 million from $278.3 million last quarter. Our CECL reserve rate declined to 560 basis points from 572 basis points. This decline in dollar terms and basis points reflects our team's progress in efficiently resolving credit challenged loans, recovering capital for investment and effective asset management of the remainder of our investment portfolio.
At quarter end, book value per share was $12.04, a decline of $1.06 from the second quarter due primarily to a dividend that exceeded pre credit loss earnings by $0.08 a share and additional CECL reserve related primarily to certain [Form 5] rated loans. Regarding liquidity, we maintained high levels of immediate and near-term liquidity, roughly 12.8% of total assets to support our asset resolution and loan investment strategies. Cash and near-term liquidity increased quarter-over-quarter by $27.7 million to $570.6 million, which was comprised of $302.3 million of balance sheet cash, $237.5 million of CLO reinvestment cash and $30.5 million of undrawn capacity under various secured credit agreements.
Our third CLO remains open for reinvestment through the first quarter of 2024. During the quarter, we funded $21.4 million of commitments under existing loans. Unfunded commitments declined by $52.9 million or 17.6% to $247.6 million, which is only 5.9% of our total loan commitments. Regarding credit, we made substantial progress during the first 3 quarters of 2023 in properly resolving credit challenged loans for which we've concluded that a meaningful recovery in loan or collateral value is unlikely.
Every resolution, whether an amendment, modification, loan sale, discounted payoff or REO conversion is evaluated using the same old versus cell reinvestment analysis. During the third quarter, we sold 2 nonperforming loans with an aggregate UPB of $281.6 million and incurred losses of $109.3 million. We repaid $197 million of related borrowings, thus reducing quarterly interest expense by approximately $4.1 million or $0.05 per share per quarter. Nonaccrual loans declined quarter-over-quarter by 42% to $318.1 million versus $546.7 million at June 30.
After quarter end, we sold one of those nonaccrual loans, an $86.7 million loan on an office building in Arlington, Virginia, just across the Potomac River from Washington, D.C. The results of those sales will be disclosed in next quarter's financial submissions. Risk ratings remained unchanged at 3.2 with limited migration between categories. In the third quarter, 2 loans were downgraded to 5 to 4 and 5 loans were repaid a resolve with a weighted average risk rating of 3.6.
Regarding CECL, our CECL reserve declined quarter-over-quarter by $41.7 million due to loan repayments, loan sales and 1 REO conversion, offset in part by increases in CECL reserves driven by worsening macroeconomic assumptions and further deterioration in the debt and equity capital markets, especially for office properties. Regarding our liabilities and capital base, non-mark-to-market liabilities remain the essential ingredient in our financing strategy. At quarter end, non-mark-to-market liabilities represented 68.9% of our liability base as compared to 71.7% at June 30.
Leverage declined further to 2.6:1 from 2.79:1. During the quarter, we extended for 1 year, our $500 million secured financing arrangement with Goldman Sachs. We have executed the term sheet and are negotiating documents for another non-mark-to-market known on note arrangement with a new banking party. And when closed, it will be our third such arrangement in place. The market power of TPG's firm-wide capital markets business enables us to source and sustain long-dated cost-efficient debt capital to support our existing portfolio and selected loan purchases and originations.
At quarter end, we had $237.5 million of reinvestment capacity available in FL5 to refinance existing loans financed elsewhere on the balance sheet or to support new loan acquisitions or originations. We expect to promptly utilize this capacity during the fourth quarter, which we estimate will generate incremental interest income per quarter of roughly $0.07 per share. And with that, we'll open the floor for questions. Operator?
Question and Answer Session
Operator
(Operator Instructions) Our first question comes from Stephen Laws with Raymond James.
Stephen Albert Laws
Doug, I want to start with maybe a bigger picture around the 3-rated loans. Kind of when you think about a little over $3 billion, where do you think you are in identifying kind of things that may face future kind of negative rating migrations versus you're kind of already past what you guys believe is a stress point and you feel really good there. How do you think about that as a risk?
Doug Bouquard
Sure. So I think within our 3-rated loans, generally speaking, that's where we are -- first of all, have confidence that the borrower is executing on their business plan, first and foremost. Secondly, from an LTV perspective, we feel as though we have sufficient cushion in terms of today's values. And then I would say, third, we have a tremendous amount of insight as a function of the sort of broader TPG real estate investment platform around where valuation is today. So we, of course, have the benefit of those insights as we kind of think through risk ratings, generally speaking.
Stephen Albert Laws
Great. And then, Bob, I think you mentioned two new 5-rated loans. Can you provide a little color on those?
Robert R. Foley
Sure. One is an office building on the West Coast, where the operator has experienced a decline in occupancy, which is not unique to this building. It's fairly market-wide in the Bay Area where return to office has been rather slow and underwhelming. And the other is a well-leased multifamily property in the West suburbs of Chicago. Both are instances that we've been tracking for a while, and we have asset resolution plans in place for each of those.
Stephen Albert Laws
Great. And then lastly, I wanted to touch on earnings and make sure I correct. The repayments of borrowings associated with loans sold would reduce interest expenses around $0.05. And then over the next quarter the full impact of the CLO replenishment. So kind of fair to say run rate distributable earnings or kind of excluding realized losses that will flow through depending on resolutions that we've sort of seen the trough here given those two dynamics?
Robert R. Foley
Well, never say never, but we do feel like we have fairly good visibility going forward on a number of things. One is that there are several levers that we have available to pull with respect to setting a new level or equilibrium for recurring earnings for the company. One of them, as you just mentioned, is reducing our nonperforming loan balance, where on the one side, we're not earning any interest income. And on the other side, we're paying every month interest expense on funding to maintain that loan position or those loan positions. Doug mentioned earlier, we cut that quarter-over-quarter by 42%.
So -- and in some instances, those positions are financed very cost effectively, for example, in certain of our CLOs and others, the cost of funds is a little bit higher. So the savings there can be quite substantial. We have $237.5 million of cash in FL5, as I mentioned, and we estimate that there's an upside note there of around $0.07. We have substantial liquidity on the balance sheet, which, as Doug described by choice, we have elected to date not to deploy, but employing that over the next couple of quarters if and when we conclude that's the right thing to do. It's really a 10% ROE-ish market today for making appropriate transitional first mortgage loans with strong sponsors. So that's considerable -- the meaningful upside there. And I mentioned in my remarks, the company is very low levered in comparison to all really of its public peers. And so there's an opportunity for upside there, too.
Operator
Our next question is from Sarah Barcomb with BTIG.
Sarah Barcomb
So you've been removing the more difficult credits from the portfolio via loan sales this year, and you've brought in a couple of new loans with the proceeds, but repayments have been strong as well. So the portfolio is contracting. Should we continue to assume that part of the dividend will be paid out of book value, given run rate earnings are shaking out a little bit below run rate DE or how should we think about that?
Doug Bouquard
I'd say consistent with prior quarters, the decision relating to the dividend is a board-level decision. And that decision, of course, will be a function of our view of the earnings power of the company as we work through credit challenged assets and then also the available investment opportunities going forward. But again, that's a board-level decision.
Sarah Barcomb
Okay. So my follow-up is with respect to the 5-rated loans. The specific CECL stayed about the same at $175 million. But the total principal balance of that group came down. So my question is, do the 2 loans that came into the 5-rated pool carry higher loss assumptions than the existing assets? Or did your outlook for those 3 -- 5-rated loans that were already in there last quarter worsened? How should we think about that dynamic across those 5 loans?
Robert R. Foley
Sarah, it's Bob. Happy to answer that question. You're correct, there were 2 loans that moved into 5. And so they effectively brought with them the allocated CECL reserve associated with each. There were a small number of loans that were already in the specifically identified pool, where we did slightly increased the reserves, primarily office and primarily the reasons that Doug commented on earlier. But relative to the removals, frankly, that resulted from the loan resolutions achieved during the quarter, they were relatively modest.
Operator
Our next question is from Rick Shane with JPMorgan.
Richard Barry Shane
I need to queue in before Sarah because she really hit my primary topic in terms of dividend. But would love to explore this just a little bit more, obviously, with the realized losses that creates an opportunity to really rethink the dividend. But even if we just start to normalize for recurring spread income, it's unclear whether or not $0.24 is the right run rate. Can you talk about both the dynamic in terms of realized losses and also the ongoing spread income to support the dividend?
Doug Bouquard
Sure. And happy to provide a little more context there. So just to reiterate some of the important components of that determination, which again is done at the Board level. But we look at current liquidity, our targeted liquidity levels, expectations on credit challenged loans and then ultimately, it comes down to a capital allocation decision. To put some numbers around it, Rick, to your question, net income before credit losses has really ranged between $0.18 to $0.25 per share. And we believe that this is an important precursor to establishing sustaining earnings power once we substantially complete our asset resolution strategy. I think as Bob had mentioned within his comments at the beginning of the call that just in deploying the capital within our CRE CLO, which again has a substantial amount of available reinvestment, that alone will add approximately $0.07 per share. So I think that metric, I think, is important as we really think about, again, establishing the sustainable earnings power of the balance sheet as we've worked through some of the credit challenged assets.
Richard Barry Shane
Got it. And look, I understand the balancing act here and I appreciate that you guys had been forward-leaning in terms of building reserve transparency and resolving troubled loans, and we may be in an environment where first loss is best loss and it's a little bit painful to watch right now. But we look at the disconnect between book value per share and the -- where the stock is trading and a dividend policy that allows you, given the losses probably to retain more capital. Why not be a lot more aggressive on the buyback side at this point on the dividend side?
Doug Bouquard
Look, I think we're always looking at ways in terms of optimizing capital allocations. I think that our main focus over the past few quarters, as you know, has been really preserving liquidity, keeping our liquidity elevated has really allowed us to navigate credit challenge loans, frankly, and I think that's really been at the top of the list. I think as we work through our credit challenge loans, which, again, we've made a lot of progress, particularly this quarter, and I expect next quarter as well, we will always be thinking about what the appropriate capital allocation is in terms of cash in our balance sheet.
Operator
Our next question is from Arren Cyganovich with Citi.
Arren Saul Cyganovich
I wanted to touch on credit migration trends and how they're moving about within the portfolio? Is this still kind of coming from loan maturities that are forcing the sponsors to make a choice? Or is there actual kind of deterioration within some of these individual underlying assets?
Robert R. Foley
Thanks for your question. I think that migration is, as we said, it's been pretty stable. We review every loan every quarter. And Look, we've materially reduced office. We've got, by choice, a significant investment position in multifamily loans. And as I described earlier, the performance there against business plan has been quite good. Clearly, rent growth has slowed, but our entry point there, and frankly, the remaining mark-to-market in a lot of those positions is quite strong. So we just not -- we feel good about where we're "mark" in terms of risk ratings, situations change, but that's how we see it right now.
Arren Saul Cyganovich
Okay. And then in the fourth quarter, it looks like you have a few maturities, including a couple of 5s. Have you had any early indications on how those might play out in the quarter?
Robert R. Foley
Well, yes, we're very proactive in terms of our asset management, and I think the resolutions over the last number of quarters reflect that. So we do have some loan maturities coming up in the fourth quarter, and we expect that we'll be employing all of the energies that Doug described earlier. We may see some extensions. We may see some resolutions in the form of sale or REO conversion, and we may see some repayments as well. And we'll be excited and pleased to report on all of that when we speak again. And I guess it will be February.
Operator
Ladies and gentlemen, we have reached the end of the question-and-answer session. And I would like to turn the call back to Doug Bouquard for closing remarks.
Doug Bouquard
Thank you. Again, I just wanted to thank everyone for taking the time, and we look forward to keeping you update on our progress. Thank you very much.
Operator
This concludes today's conference. Thank you for your participation. You may disconnect your lines at this time.
