Q4 2023 Blackstone Secured Lending Fund Earnings Call
Participants
Stacy Wang; Head of Stakeholder Relations; Blackstone Secured Lending Fund
Brad Marshall; Chairman of the Board of Trustees and Co-Chief Executive Officer; Blackstone Secured Lending Fund
Jonathan Bock; Co-Chief Executive Officer; Blackstone Secured Lending Fund
Carlos Whitaker; President; Blackstone Secured Lending Fund
Teddy Desloge; Chief Financial Officer; Blackstone Secured Lending Fund
Finian O'Shea; Analyst; Wells Fargo Securities, LLC
Ken Lee; Analyst; RBC Capital Markets
Melissa Wedel; Analyst; JPMorgan
Casey Alexander; Analyst; Compass Point Research & Trading, LLC
Mark Hughes; Analyst; Truist
Paul Johnson; Analyst; KBW
Presentation
Operator
Good day and welcome to the Blackstone Secured Lending fourth-quarter and full year 2023 investor call. Today's conference is being recorded. (Operator Instructions) At this time, I'd like to turn the conference over to Stacy Wang, Head of stakeholder relations. Please go ahead.
Stacy Wang
Thank you, Katie. Good morning and welcome to Blackstone Secured Lending fund's fourth-quarter and full year. Earlier today, we issued a press release with the presentation of our results and filed our 10-K, both of which are available on the shareholders section of our website, www.bxsl.com. We will be referring to that presentation throughout today's call.
I'd like to remind you that this call may include forward-looking statements, which are uncertain and outside of the firm's control and may differ materially from actual results. We do not undertake any duty in updating these statements. For some of the risks that could affect results, please see the risk factors section of our most recent annual report on Form 10-K filed earlier today.
This audio cast is copyrighted material of Blackstone and may not be duplicated without consent. With that, I'd like to turn the call over to BXSL Co-Chief Executive Officer, Brad Marshall.
Brad Marshall
Thank you, Stacy, and good morning, everyone. Thanks for joining our call this morning. Also with me today our Co-CEO, Jon Bock; and our President, Carlos Whitaker; and our CFO, Teddy Desloge.
Turning to this morning's agenda, I will start with some high-level thoughts before Jon, Carlos, and Teddy to go into more details on our portfolio and fourth-quarter results.
So just turning to the slide deck that we posted. And if we start on slide 4, the BXSL reported another strong quarter of results, including growth in net investment income, increased net asset value and continued solid credit performance. Several other key highlights in the quarter include the highest weighted average asset yield on the portfolio since inception at 12%, our second-best quarter of net investment income per share and the busiest deployment period in two years.
Net investment income or NII per share increased 1% quarter over quarter to $0.96 per share, which represented a 14.5% annualized return on equity. It's important to note, along with strong earnings, the quality of our earnings remains high, the limited PIC payment, nonrecurring and fee driven income. In fact, interest income, excluding PIC, fees, and dividends represented 95% of our total investment income in the fourth quarter.
BXSL maintained its dividend of $0.77 per share, representing an 11.6% annualized distribution yield, one of the highest among our traded BDC peers with as much of their portfolio in first-lien senior secured assets, while covering our fourth quarter dividend by 125%. We continue to focus on our mandate of protecting investors' capital by constructing a portfolio of first-lien senior secured loans. As of December 31, BXSL's portfolio is 98.5% first-lien senior secured debt for the 48.2% average loan to value.
We had strong credit performance, supported by minimal nonaccrual rate below 0.1% at both amortized cost and fair market value, lowest among our traded BDC peers, and approximately 1.5% of our debt investments as a percentage of total cost are most marked below 90.
Turning now to page 5 of the presentation deck. In the fourth quarter, BXSL saw a meaningful increase in investment activity, ending the period with over $1 billion at par in new investment commitments and $874 million in new investment fundings.
New investments fund in the quarter were over 98% first lien with a weighted average EBITDA of approximately $130 million and an average loan to value of 41.5%, reflecting our continued focus on what we believe are high quality investments. In addition, the weighted average spread was approximately 580 basis points with an average OID of 1.7% and nearly two years on average of call protection.
From a market activity's perspective, we see strength building as fourth quarter M&A volume increased almost $400 billion, a 40% boost year over year. We expect M&A activity to continue to build and accelerate in 2024. This view is supported by our ongoing dialogues with the top financial sponsors that we cover as well as the sell-side advisers with whom we partner with.
M&A activities expected to be largely driven by the buildup in record levels of private equity dry powder, large amounts of unsold assets that sponsors are sitting on, and older previous vintage funds, and the impact of lower M&A activity in 2023, 54% lower than the most recent peak in 2021. This expected market activity can be sustained by the prospect of lower interest rates and continued narrowing of bid-ask spreads between buyers and sellers.
In addition, the number of deals in the Blackstone credit and insurance pipeline doubled as of the end of the fourth quarter versus the end of the first quarter. These pipeline deals are predominantly first-lien senior secured exposure on companies, and historically recession resilient sectors we know very well. While we know every opportunity in BXSL's pipeline, we'll not convert into investments. And our underwriting bar remains high, the volume gives us a sense for the scale and presence that we believe we have as an institution to drive deal flow.
BXSL's origination pace benefits from the scale and platform Blackstone for BXSI, which is one of the world's largest alternative credit managers with $319 billion in assets under management and over 500 investment professionals in 18 offices globally.
Our incumbency in over 4,500 corporate issuers allows us to see more deal flow, leverage our incumbency, and select into what we believe are the most attractive risk-adjusted assets. Further, BXSI has been the sole or lead lender in approximately 84% of BXSL's direct lending transactions since inception. This quarter alone, 12 of 17 BXSL's funded transactions were for deals Blackstone led, which allows us to be in a position to drive the negotiation of terms and documentation.
During the quarter, we issued nearly $330 million of common shares through our ATM offering with additional equity and increased capacity for our debt, which has a weighted average cost of just over 5%. We remain very well positioned to take advantage of an improving M&A environment where we believe we can deploy capital and drive earnings for shareholders.
2023 was also our best year performance since inception with a 14.7% return on NAV basis and a lot of that return was supported by higher rates. We believe there are multiple drivers of returns that could work in our favor in 2024. These drivers include sustained elevated interest rates despite potential cuts later this year, tightening credit spreads, which could result in asset appreciation, and refinancings in our first-lien senior secured portfolio. And lastly, as I just mentioned, additional potential income driven by increased M&A activity, which we are starting to see as evidenced by our fourth quarter activity.
So with that, I will turn it over to Jon Bocks.
Jonathan Bock
Thank you, Brad. And let's turn to slide 6. We ended the quarter with $9.9 billion of investments, an increase from $9.5 billion in the third quarter. We also modestly de-levered and end the quarter at 1 times debt to equity averaging 1.05 times in the quarter. And we enhanced our liquidity position this quarter to $1.8 billion. That's comprised of cash and available borrowing capacity across our revolving credit facilities, including ABLs, and that's a lean into an expanded pipeline.
And our weighted average yield on debt investments at fair value was 12% this quarter compared to 11.9% last quarter. New investments continue to be accretive to investment income. The yield on both new debt investment fundings and assets repaid during the quarter averaged around 11.7%. And importantly, the weighted average base rate over the fourth quarter expanded approximately 120 basis points on our 98.9% floating rate debt portfolio compared to the same quarter in the prior year as rates remain elevated.
Now let's look at the portfolio in on slide 7. BXSL continue to focus on its defensive positioning in the current market environment. And this is reflected in our nonaccrual rate of less than 0.1% at cost and fair market value with no new nonaccruals in the quarter.
As we look into 2024, we expect to see dispersion in performance across the market with defaults increasing in certain areas, particularly in smaller companies and businesses with cyclical and capital intensive profile, neither of which are within the BXSL's investment focus. In addition, we expect the underperforming businesses with upcoming maturities where sponsors have taken value out, could also face more challenges.
And while we expect market defaults and non-accruals to pick up modestly, fewer than 10% of BSXL's loans have maturities in the next 24 months, and liquidity profiles overall remain healthy, and further 9% of BXSL's exposure to revolver credit facilities is drawn. And while we're pleased with our non-accrual rate, we continue to monitor our portfolio companies very closely, leveraging our team of 84 professionals in Blackstone's Credit and Insurance's strategic investment office.
Now over 98% of BXSL's investments are in first-lien senior secured loans and 99% of those loans are to companies owned by private equity firms or other financial sponsors who generally have access to additional equity capital and equity owners of this type has historically shown a willingness to support borrowers. These sponsors have significant equity value in these capital structures with an average loan-to-value of 48.2% in BXSL. And to complement healthy credit fundamentals and what could be a lower interest rate environment later this year, our portfolio also starts from a very strong EBITDA base.
Taking a look at slide 8. You can see why we view larger companies as higher performing borrowers. Our portfolio companies generated an average of $192 million in LTM EBITDA, up from approximately $167 million at the end of the fourth quarter of 2022, and more than 2 times larger than the private credit market average.
As we can see from the Lincoln International Private Market database, a market resource on private credit markets overall, larger companies of $100 million or higher in EBITDA have experienced nearly 4 times greater EBITDA growth and default nearly 5 times less than when compared to true middle market transactions. And this is often said these companies are not simply good because they are big. We believe they are big because they are good.
And with our extensive sourcing capabilities in origination engine, we have the ability to identify and choose a broad array of investments that are in our view, attractive risk-adjusted opportunities in a market environment where we're anticipating increased activity as Brad outlined earlier.
Now slide 9 focuses on our industry exposure. Another important part of our defensive positioning, where we like to focus on better investment neighborhoods. And this means focusing on key sectors with among other themes, lower default rates and lower CapEx requirements.
This quarter, 30% of BXSL's deals were closed in the software industry as we continued to focus on more historically lower default rate industries. We increased the number of portfolio companies while maintaining nearly 90% invested at historically lower default rate industries, including software healthcare providers and services, professional services, and commercial services and supplies, which are some of the highest exposures and highest conviction themes across the portfolio.
On slide 10, we can see BXSL's portfolio company fundamentals compared to the private credit market as measured by Lincoln. And then relative to the private credit market, BXSL has approximately 2 times -- our portfolio companies have approximately 2 times higher growth rate and generate nearly 15% higher profitability.
Now, we continue to stress the importance of interest coverage. Average LTM EBITDA coverage of interest for BXSL portfolio companies over the last 12 months was 1.8 times in Q4, which again compares favorably to the Lincoln database for the private credit market at 1.4 times coverage in Q4.
As we always say, the tails here are key. And 6% of BSXL's portfolio reflected interest coverage below 1 times compared to the market at 15% on an LTM basis. It is even more important to understand what's driving these tails and which companies comprise them.
If you're looking at the market, looking at their tail below 1 times EBITDA coverage, more than 70% of the companies below 1 times interest coverage are small with less than $50 million in EBITDA. And for BXSL, the majority of these companies are associated with recurring revenue loans, which were underwritten as higher growth names with lower initial coverage ratios, and if you exclude recurring revenue loans from the analysis, BXSL's share of the portfolio below 1 times interest coverage becomes less than 1% versus the market at 13%, especially relative to the broader private credit market, we've seen our portfolio companies continue to deliver strong fundamental performance.
Now looking ahead, the market's expecting rates to begin fall this year. Current pricing implying an average SOFR rate in 2025 of 4.1%. Now as many of you know, lower interest rates effectively lower the interest burden that's currently placed on our portfolio companies and that in turn allows more free cash flow to equity holding all else equal, whether this trend of free cash flow and interest payments, borrowers can reinvest excess cash into growth or prepare for sale or refinancing. And to illustrate this point, running at a 4.1% average base rate through BXSL's portfolio as of Q4 2023, that imply a hypothetical increase in the portfolio's interest coverage ratio from 1.8 times to 1.9 times holding other data constant.
Now I'll conclude with some points on our documents and recent amendment activity. As Brad indicated, when we negotiate our credit agreement, especially when we're the leading lender, we place significant focus on ensuring important protections are put in place. Nearly 100% of the Blackstone led deals held in BXSL, include certain protections against asset stripping and collateral release and have caps on add-backs to EBITDA. This is in stark contrast to the syndicated market where the majority of loans lack these kind of lender protections and which we believe have been a significant driver of depressed recoveries and liquid loans over the past year.
Finally, amendment activity continues to be relatively benign. In the fourth quarter in BXSL there were 40 amendments. The vast majority of which were associated with add-ons, DDTL extensions, and other immaterial technical matter. And there were two other amendments associated with providing additional PIC flexibility and one amendment associated with an underperforming investment. Among the two PIC amendments, one was associated with a significant equity infusion by the PE sponsor and the other was effectively extension on a PIC option provided at initial underwriting.
Now when we extend the call, we also extend the call protection on one of the deals by two years. And for the underperforming investment, we proactively engaged the PE sponsor who also contributed new equity. And the amendments here was associated with recognizing additional equity in our covenant tests.
With that, I'll turn it over to Carlos.
Carlos Whitaker
Thanks, Jon. Turn to slide 11. BXSL maintained its dividend distribution of $0.77 per share, a 28% increase from Q4 of last year and a 45% increase since our IPO two years ago. As you can see, we have continued to focus on delivering high-quality yield to shareholders, building a level of confidence through steady regular dividends while also building NAV per share. We expect this approach to continue.
As the economic environment shifts, it's important to look at the market as a whole. We expect private credit spreads to tighten as M&A increases, a trend we began noticing in late 2023.
To expand on Brad's point regarding deal activity, we are optimistic about M&A volumes and the deployment picture for 2024. Valuation expectations have improved. Record private equity dry powder of $1.5 trillion is on the sidelines. Economic sentiment is improving. Fundamentals remain healthy. And there is a new prospect for lower cost to capital if rates fall. All drivers for pent-up market activity. Given our broad origination platform and expansive credit footprint, we believe BXSL is well positioned to take advantage of this environment.
Another benefit we offer is our scaled investment franchise, which allows us to drive investor returns. A main Blackstone focus. Recall, our value creation program, which all BXSL portfolio companies have access to. Seeks to assist our companies by lowering their expenses and creating cross-sell opportunities across the broader Blackstone portfolio. We have created an implied $3.5 billion plus of enterprise value for our BXCI companies, in addition to being their lender. For example, we made over 20 introductions across the broader Blackstone ecosystem to a digital service provider and generated approximately $7 million in sales for this borrower. This included projects for enterprise architecture and enterprise resource planning selection, cloud optimization consulting and material requirements and planning, all directly with other Blackstone investments.
We also worked with a management service provider for healthcare, to put together a request for proposals for medical consumables. The request contained over 1,000 SKUs. And through this process, saved the borrowers almost $2 million. And again, we are just the lender here.
So to be able to provide such assistance is quite remarkable. It's a point worth emphasizing, as we provide BXCI value creation services that aim to add value to our companies. We offer our borrowers access to over 50 data scientists, over 90 senior advisers, and a team of cybersecurity experts, all of which we believe ultimately makes us an attractive manager to partner with. But all of this ties to our focus on shareholder experience and alignments.
We built BXSL to help drive attractive risk-adjusted returns to shareholders with what we consider to be industry leading best practices. Even after the expiration of our fee waiver BXSL has among the lowest fee structures, expense ratios, and cost of debt relative to our peer set as a percentage of NAV and as of the end of Q4. This helps us to build a defensive portfolio and deliver returns to our investors.
We have a three-year look-back for total return hurdle related to incentive fees on income and importantly, we amortize OID over the life of the loan and do that scrape upfront fees to the manager by passing on all of BXSL's portion of investment related fees fully to the fund, another example of shareholder alignment and another way we aim to differentiate ourselves.
And with that, I'll turn it over to Teddy.
Teddy Desloge
Thank you, Carlos. I'll start with our operating results on slide 12. In the fourth quarter BXSL's net investment income was $172 million, or $0.96 per share, representing the second highest NII quarterly performance since our IPO.
GAAP net income in the quarter was $157 million or $0.88 per share, up 16% from a year ago. Our total investment income for the quarter was up $53 million or 21% year over year, driven by increased interest income, primarily due to higher rates. Payment in-kind or PIC income represented approximately 5% of total investment income during the quarter.
We would also like to acknowledge that the fee waivers in place since our IPO expired near the end of October 2023. While this quarter included partial waivers for approximately one third of the period, future quarters will fully incorporate BXSL's full management fee of 1% and its incentive fee of 17.5%. The partial waivers added approximately $0.02 of NII per share to the quarter.
Turning to the balance sheet on slide 13. We ended the quarter with $9.9 billion of total portfolio investments at fair value, less than $5 billion of outstanding debt and nearly $5 billion of total net assets. With our strong earnings in excess of the dividend in the quarter, NAV per share increased to $26.66, up from $26.54 last quarter.
Next, slide 14 outlines our attractive and diverse liability profile, which includes 57% of drawn debt in unsecured bonds. These bonds have a weighted average fixed coupon of less than 3%, which we view as a key advantage in this elevated rate environment and contribute to an overall weighted average interest rate on our borrowings of just over 5%. Again, this compares to a weighted average yield at fair value on our debt investments of 12%. Additionally, we have no maturities on our liabilities until 2026, and our funding facilities have an overall weighted average maturity of 3.4 years.
As mentioned in our prior earnings call, BXSL was the first traded BDC to receive an improved outlook from Stable to Positive by Moody's, and we continue to maintain our three investment grade corporate credit ratings. We ended the quarter with approximately $1.8 billion of liquidity in cash and undrawn debt available to borrow, providing us with significant capacity for continued portfolio growth.
The fourth quarter of 2023 was our most active quarter since 2021 with BXSL committing to over $1 billion in investments in the quarter that have closed to date, plus an additional $221 million committed to BXSL as of December 31 that have yet -- not yet closed.
As you heard from Brad, Jon, and Carlos, we believe deal activity will increase in 2024 and create new deployment opportunities we are seeing that play through our pipeline. We also have seen spreads tighten and activity rise in a syndicated loan market, generally a leading indicator for what we expect to see in the private side.
As such, we are actively leveraging incumbency to retain exposure where capital structures were set up in a wider spread environment while company performance has remained strong, exceeding expectations. For example, in the fourth quarter, we redefined repricings in the portfolio in exchange for an average of nearly two years of additional call protection. We are also finding success offering private solutions that are differentiating versus what the syndicated market can offer, such as refresh DDTL capacity or modest PIC flexibility.
In conclusion, we remain positive about the year ahead, our competitive advantages in the market and robust performance in various metrics against our peer set. We believe the positive factors that have supported returns for investors remain in place, including portfolio positioning for a modestly lower, but still elevated rate environment, ample liquidity to deploy in what we believe will be a more robust deal environment and continued elevated earnings powered by low cost financing sources, all of which is backed by Blackstone's platform advantages in scale and sourcing and our focus on protecting investors' capital.
With that I'll ask the operator to open up for question. Thank you.
Question and Answer Session
Operator
(Operator Instructions) Finian O'Shea, Wells Fargo Securities.
Finian O'Shea
Hey, everyone. Good morning. Thanks for having me on. Interesting comment at the end by Teddy there on the repricings. I guess first how many like, if you can offer us color, happened post quarter with the major DSL come back and then just higher level is -- I'm not sure repricing has been a concept in direct lending. If you could touch on -- if this is a market evolution that's kind of happening in real time. Thank you.
Teddy Desloge
Yeah, thanks, Finn. So on your first question, repricing activity has continued not to overly sort of material extent. I think if you look at the capital structures where we have agreed to repricings, some of these were set up at a clearly higher rate environment or higher spread environment.
The average spread on the deal that we repriced in Q4, we're just over actually right around [615] inside of or outside of where the market is today. all of those were met with new call protection. So we make that trade to extend duration in the portfolio.
Brad Marshall
Finn, it's Brad. I would say it is a bit of a new phenomena, but you always have the option to take your capital back at your call protection. And that's why it's important to have call protection in deals. But on the higher quality assets. If they de-levered, we're usually okay with extending duration on those types of assets.
Finian O'Shea
Okay, that's helpful. Thank you. And I guess for my follow-up, can you talk about the strategy with capital raising. You've kind of leverages done from 130 to 1 over the course of the year, mostly on account of the ATM. I know you gave some constructive comment on deployment, the deployment outlook, but it's not that meaningful yet. So are you still pedal to the metal post quarter and how are you looking at that today? Thank you.
Jonathan Bock
Hey Finn, it's Bock. I'd outline that, not a pedal to the metal focus. You size the equity capital based on the opportunity set as your forward pipeline develops. And you've seen and you've heard Brad's comments on the development of the forward pipeline.
I think what he's outlining is that we have access to their high-quality investors through the ATM program, some of them are very large in nature. And our goal will be to ensure that we're sizing the equity growth, ensure that we're generating attractive return.
And so monitoring that on a daily or quarterly basis. So you're starting to see a build in pipe. You'd expect to see a level of build in capital, but you don't let that overwhelm the forward returns.
Brad Marshall
And Finn, I'll just add to that. So I think we see things maybe a little bit before the market in terms of pipeline building and assets and deployment. You certainly saw some of that get reflected.
As we said, the fourth quarter was our busiest quarter since 2021. So we are seeing a material uptick in activity. Some of that's being driven just by incumbency, not in the existing portfolio, but across our BXCI portfolio where we can kind of originate deals on a proprietary basis.
Just to give you some stats, I think we said this, but pipelines of about 2 times larger than that it was maybe six months ago. And even in the past couple of weeks, the deal flow coming in from sell-side advisers has more than doubled.
So we're always going to be thinking about our capital structure to make sure we can take advantage of what's in front of us. Recognize kind of your points leverage has come down but again, it's on the back of very, very active investment activity in the fourth quarter and we'll see how the first quarter develops.
Stacy Wang
Thank you, Finn, for the questions.
Finian O'Shea
Thank you.
Operator
Ken Lee, RBC Capital Markets.
Ken Lee
Hey, good morning. Thanks for taking my question. In terms of the normalization of the broadly syndicated loan markets, wondering if you could just share your thoughts on how you think this could impact either the pace or the mix of new originations they could be seeing this year. Thanks.
Brad Marshall
So yeah, the broadly syndicated markets have been quite, I wouldn't say active because most of the activity is beyond repricing, there hasn't been much of a new calendar to come to the market. But it has tightened quite a bit, probably by at least 50 basis points in the first couple of months of the year.
And I would say the private markets are somewhat keyed off of the public markets. So one could expect asset spreads coming in across the private market. We do have a pretty broad deal funnel globally. So we can pick our spots with BXSL. Again, the fourth quarter activity, the spreads were in line with the assets that we deployed, we're in line with the assets came out. So we're kind of keeping pace.
Spreads are both a positive and a negative. And so maybe just to hit on that. As spreads tighten all else being equal asset, prices should increase. So it does have and I said this in my comments, a little bit of an upward driver on the price of your existing assets. So that's positive.
Lower spreads, lower rates does increased deal activity, market activity, or at least it should. And that creates more turnover and more fee acceleration. So that's another positive. And then of course, it is a little bit of a headwind potentially on new assets. But even if 20% of your portfolio was being invested in this market, it has what, 10 basis points of impact on the yield of the portfolio. And the fees that you're getting on an accelerated basis more than offsets that.
So there are some pros and cons. And you will continue to see us pick our spots in this market with the benefit of having a really wide and deep deal funnel.
Ken Lee
Very helpful there. And just one follow-up, if I may. In terms of the activity that you're seeing in the pipeline, sounds pretty robust. Is there any particular drivers that you're seeing commonalities across activity there any particular sectors? I just want to get a little bit more color on what you're seeing there. Thanks.
Teddy Desloge
Yes, on the pipeline I think that the -- a couple of things I would highlight is first similar to sector exposures. As Bock mentioned, what we deployed in the fourth quarter is consistent to what we're seeing in the pipeline. Two is larger capital structure. So as Brad mentioned, double the volume, more than double the volume of larger than $1 billion transactions in the pipeline.
I think generally speaking, we are optimistic about the M&A environment this year. We see that early in our pipeline. I think one thing we do need to see is continued sort of narrowing between valuation between buyers and sellers. And that's starting to happen, certainly helps with the prospect of lower cost to capital on the horizon with, as Brad mentioned, spreads tightening modestly and then the prospect for lower rates coming down towards the back half of this year.
Brad Marshall
And what I'd just add to that, Ken, is I would say, at least half of our deal flow right now, we're going into the market and creating. So take health comp, which we did in the fourth quarter. We were the only capital provider that was around that, we are the incumbent, we had a strategic angle across our value-add group, we could do the whole capital structure. So these are the types of transactions that we're leaning into in this market.
We're going to -- we committed to another deal this week. That's fairly large over $1 billion in size, and no one else kind of saw that deal. And these are some of the things I was trying to get across with my message on even in a market with a broadly syndicated activity as robust from a spread standpoint, we will continue to drive deal flow that's accretive to BXSL in our opinion. So lots of different ways that we can kind of go about this, but that's where we're seeing deal flow mostly from things that we're creating.
Ken Lee
Great. Very helpful there. Thanks again.
Operator
(Operator Instructions) Melissa Wedel, JPMorgan.
Melissa Wedel
Good morning. Thanks for taking my questions today. I wanted to also follow up on the comments about the pipeline and how rich, that seems to be right now. But I think that we've heard from a few different management teams that while there's pick up, its sort of early this year. A lot of folks are expecting particularly increased volume in the back half of this year. Are you seeing anything differently than that? And then also, what does that imply for sort of repayments or assets to counter that? Are we seeing refi activity or is this sort of a net originations environment? Thank you.
Jonathan Bock
I can do the repayment point because it ties to what Teddy mentioned as it relates to repricings. And then as it relates to the pipeline, Bill and Teddy can build out a few of those comments. So eventually if as we're proactive both in sourcing deals and also proactive in defending them. You've seen both year to date and near term repayment remain muted. And so that's a function of our view that an asset on our books still at attractive illiquidity and credit spreads relative to our cost base is a decision we're choosing to make. And so I think from a repayments perspective, we're trending better than expected. And then as it relates to deployment, I'll turn to my colleague.
Teddy Desloge
Yeah, I think it's consistent with Brad's comments, we're generally seeing deals earlier stage. A lot of what we're working on today are sell-side commitments prior to deal launching. So I think a lot of that does come to fruition in the back half of this year.
In the meantime, there were a couple of situations, particularly last quarter where sell-side processes, M&A processes fell apart because of valuations. We were then able to show up with a sole financing source for a recap ahead of another process. So those are situations that were very in front of a lot of those we have incumbency didactic today, whether there are other positions we have in the liquid side or privatization.
Brad Marshall
The activity picking up in the second half of this year, I would agree with that comment. But I think most of the comments are, we hope that activity picks up in the second half as what you're hearing from others.
Hope is not a strategy. So we're out trying to kind of develop our own deal flow in the absence of a more active M&A market. A logic holds true that activity should pick up, but we're certainly not going to sit back and wait for that to happen.
And PE activity being light for the past two years, lots of dry powder, all that is very true. But I would look more towards our current comments, which are sell side M&A inbounds to us have increased twofold. The pipeline, which Teddy has highlighted is twice as large as it was not too long ago. So those are the kind of the near-term things that we're seeing. And then yes, we also hope that the broader market picks up, but will go out and find deals in the absence of that.
Melissa Wedel
Understood. If I could follow up also on Finn's question. The repricings that you did, I think that's what you're referring to when you talk about finding the deals yourself and sort of being proactive. Are those deals that can see or companies that could have conceivably refinanced in the broadly syndicated market? Thank you.
Teddy Desloge
Yeah, thanks for that. Those deals were actually separate. So those deals were capital structure setup in a clearly wider spread environment. So average, SOFR on those were 600 to closer to 625, where performance has exceeded our expectations from a credit perspective. Those did have some access to the public markets, we were able to reset call protection, extend duration on those.
The deals that Brad was referring to were more public capital structure that actually see value in going private. And that was one of the deals that he was referring to that's closing shortly.
There are ways that private lenders can differentiate from the syndicated market. We've been seeing that in our pipeline, certainly around delayed draw capacity, providing capacity for M&A, and certainty of execution. Those are some areas where we're seeing differentiation and where we can utilize those strengths to really drive our own deal flow.
Brad Marshall
the most helpful to numbers that we have 100 deals that we identified at the end of the fourth quarter that we want to reverse into the company to try and create deal flow. They may have a maturity, they may need growth capital, they may prefer a more private capital structure. So even when the public markets are active, we can go in and create something that's a little bit more customized for them. And you can only do that if you have scale.
So in a couple of deals, we'll likely close shortly. They are well over $1 billion we'll be the sole or the large majority anyways of those capital structures we'll bring in some others. And you can only do that if you have incumbency across your platform, you can only do that if you have scale, and you can only do that obviously if you have a more proactive mindset.
Melissa Wedel
That's great detail. Thank you.
Operator
Casey Alexander, Compass Points.
Casey Alexander
Hi, good morning and thanks for taking my questions. You've talked about spreads appear to be tightening and interest rates were actually down broadly in the fourth quarter, which should have been supportive for the general marks of the portfolio. But can you contour that against the $23 million of unrealized depreciation in the quarter and give us a feel for what caused that relative to what should have been a pretty good pricing environment?
Teddy Desloge
Yeah, I'm happy to take that. So the $23 million of unrealized depreciation, some of that was a reversal of unrealized appreciation that we saw as it relates to repayments, right? We had over $5 million of repayments in the quarter. That was an annualized repayment number of just over 20%. So when that happens, you do have a reversal of unrealized gains. That was about a third of the move.
The other two thirds were offset by some markups in the portfolio as well. Spreads from a valuation perspective in the quarter, we're actually relatively flat. I think most of the spread tightening that we've seen, that we're committed to in the quarter a deal that likely won't close until the first quarter in the second quarter of this year. So I think there's still some room to go on spreads tightening and haven't fully seen that reflect in the market today.
Brad Marshall
Yeah, rates shouldn't impact marks, Casey, so it's more just the spreads and the spreads have come in more in the first quarter. I'd give you a couple of other stats, only 1.1% of the portfolio is marked below 90. That would be the asset -- list of assets that were most focused on on 8.8% below 95. So the portfolio is still in really good shape, but we mark our assets to market. And so you're seeing that in some movements up and some movements down.
Casey Alexander
Okay, thank you for that. And then secondly, what may be a minor point. But there was a reasonable rise in PIC income versus the third quarter and it's about 5% of total investment income. Now can you give us a feel for how that fits into the rest of your comments earlier today?
Teddy Desloge
Yeah, let me take that. So PIC income was up modestly. It was up about 4% to 5% in the quarter. I don't know if there's anything specific to point out there. We have one position that did roll off in the quarter that had fixed flexibility that paid full cash. Offsetting that, we did have a couple smaller PIC amendments where we agreed to it.
It is an area I think over time where you can see for higher-performing situations, low LTV in good sectors with good fundamentals, a scenario where you can see a little bit of differentiation from the syndicated market. So yes, I think there is a difference between PIC because of underperformance versus PIC due to new deals or differentiation versus public markets.
Brad Marshall
And again, I'll just add some numbers. We had a couple of smaller ones get added, a couple and then four dropped. The ones that got added, the average market of that of those assets is 97 approximately. So just give you a sense that they're kind of performing assets, they're marked in and around cost. But they've elected, part of their PIC option.
I still think 5%, Casey is probably at the low end of the industry. So still no trend that you're seeing other than yes, as rates stay high companies have the option, they're going to use it.
Casey Alexander
All right. Thank you for taking my questions.
Operator
Mark Hughes, Truist.
Mark Hughes
Yeah, thanks. Good morning. You talked about the new deals this quarter. I think $130 million, an average EBITDA of your overall norm is $190 million plus. Anything to that notwithstanding, you talked about some bigger deals that are better out there. Did you find a little more attractive pricing at the maybe the lower middle end of the market?
Teddy Desloge
Yeah, I don't think there's there's anything specific to point out there. We have seen growth in the existing portfolio, organic and M&A growth, which is driving growth of our existing existing deals. There were a handful of deals that we closed that were sort of sub $120 million that were still very high quality. So really no change in strategy to point out there.
Mark Hughes
And then anything in your healthcare exposure, you want to highlight or not highlight, given some of the events in the industry, some other credit issues?
Teddy Desloge
Yeah, I think the healthcare exposures is one area we spent a lot of our time. We do have a team that specializes in healthcare, but that's it's in our investment team. We see everything. I think the areas overall, where we see stress or what we've mentioned before, business models with high components of labor inflation, business models that are more tied to regulatory pressure or business models that are more commoditized.
Where we focus our capital is, it's really on more specialized models that aren't seeing much of that pressure. There are a couple of situations we are focused on that are rollups that have a little bit more cash flow constrained as rates are higher. But overall, I have seen relatively good performance in that part of the portfolio.
Jonathan Bock
And Mark, to add to that. If you think about it, while we're inflated from a lot of the trends you might have seen in other PPMs or physician's practice, we're not completely immune. And to the extent that you see an area where in a -- whether it be an indicative level of stress that's also found and reflected in the market. And we're very focused on those situations. Clearly they're very small, but at the same time, we will ensure that level of stress is reflected in the markets, which you can see in the [S-1].
Mark Hughes
Appreciate that. Thank you.
Operator
Paul Johnson, KBW.
Paul Johnson
Yeah, good morning. Thanks for taking my questions. Brad sort of answered my question here in terms of the opportunity that you see in the portfolio in terms of repricing. But I guess you identified 100 deals. I mean, would you describe that as a pretty meaningful in the portfolio in terms of driving the pipeline? Or is that more or less kind of just low hanging fruit that you expect to be picked relatively quick?
And then also on that, one more question, is just how much work, I guess is it to execute a repricing transactions. It's just kind of a matter calling on the sponsor and discussing the repricing or do you basically effectively re-underwrite the transaction?
Brad Marshall
Yeah. And Paul, just to reiterate what Teddy mentioned, there is a distinct difference between repricings and reverse deal flow. Repricing that you own the asset, the sponsor reaches out, says, hey we know we have call protection, but we want you to reprice and we are to say yay or nay. We usually ask for something in exchange. Usually reset the call protection if we say yay.
Reverses are entirely different. These are things that we don't own that were going into the market. We're trying to create new deals. And in those situations, If I said, it was 100 of those deals. We've actually gone through 33 of them through our kind of review process. And reaching out the sponsor is 80% of those they've said, no not yet or the pricing's too high. And so they go back on the shelf. And the other ones we're working through.
So that's, it's very different. So when you think about our platform, we are invested in BXCI in over 3,000 companies. So we can mine our portfolios, we can create ideas, we can play the role of banker with a balance sheet. It's a highly differentiated platform than almost anyone in the market. And that's what we're focused on from a reverse standpoint. Very different than the repricing exercise that we'll invariably kind of have to go through as the market strengthens.
Paul Johnson
Thanks for that, Brad, it's very helpful description there. And then the last one I have to ask is because it happens every four years, I mean, how do you expect I guess the election kind of play into the pipeline this year? Do you think that will prompt any more transactions ahead of the election? I mean, just what do you kind of expect from sponsor behavior, if anything?
Brad Marshall
Yeah. I don't think we know. In election year you should see deal flow get pulled forward because people are worried about change and volatility. So if you look at past history, that is what happens. And I guess we're seeing a pickup in the pipeline that would suggest that that will hold true. But unclear if that's an accelerator or more of the fact that private equity sponsors have been sitting on the sidelines for a couple of years. So we'll wait and see.
Stacy Wang
Thank you, Paul.
Operator
Thank you. That will conclude our question-and-answer session. At this time, I'd like to turn the call back over to Ms. Wang for any additional or closing remarks.
Stacy Wang
Thank you. This concludes our fourth-quarter call. Thank you so much for dialing in and we look forward to speaking to you next quarter.
