Q4 2023 Fiserv Inc Earnings Call

Participants

Frank J. Bisignano; President, CEO & Chairman; Fiserv, Inc.

Julie Chariell; SVP of IR; Fiserv, Inc.

Robert W. Hau; CFO; Fiserv, Inc.

Ashwin Vassant Shirvaikar; MD & Lead Analyst; Citigroup Inc., Research Division

Dan Dolev; MD & Senior Equity Research Analyst; Mizuho Securities USA LLC, Research Division

Darrin David Peller; MD & Senior Analyst; Wolfe Research, LLC

David John Koning; Associate Director of Research & Senior Research Analyst; Robert W. Baird & Co. Incorporated, Research Division

David Mark Togut; Senior MD; Evercore ISI Institutional Equities, Research Division

Jason Alan Kupferberg; MD in US Equity Research & Senior Analyst; BofA Securities, Research Division

Tien-Tsin Huang; Senior Analyst; JPMorgan Chase & Co, Research Division

Timothy Edward Chiodo; Analyst; UBS Investment Bank, Research Division

Presentation

Operator

Welcome to the Fiserv Fourth Quarter 2023 Earnings Conference Call. (Operator Instructions) As a reminder, today's call is being recorded. At this time, I will turn the call over to Julie Chariell, Senior Vice President of Investor Relations at Fiserv.

Julie Chariell

Thank you, and good morning. With me on the call today are Frank Bisignano, our Chairman, President and Chief Executive Officer; and Bob Hau, our Chief Financial Officer. Our earnings release and supplemental materials for the quarter and full year are available on the Investor Relations section of fiserv.com. Please refer to these materials for an explanation of the non-GAAP financial measures discussed on this call along with a reconciliation of those measures to the nearest applicable GAAP measures. Unless otherwise stated, performance references are year-over-year comparisons.
Our remarks today will include forward-looking statements about, among other matters, expected operating and financial results and strategic initiatives. Forward-looking statements may differ materially from actual results and are subject to a number of risks and uncertainties. You should refer to our earnings release for a discussion of these risk factors.
And now over to Frank.

Frank J. Bisignano

Thank you, Julie, and thank you all for joining us today to discuss another double-digit growth year for Fiserv in both organic revenue and adjusted earnings per share. In 2023, we continue to demonstrate our leadership as proven by our financial performance: 12% organic revenue growth, more than 200 basis points of adjusted operating margin expansion, 16% growth in adjusted earnings per share, $4 billion of free cash flow and $4.7 billion returned to our shareholders through share repurchase.
These results are possible because Fiserv possesses a set of assets that's unparalleled in our industry, from a vast and diverse client base, product portfolio and distribution network to technology and capital resources to a deep bench empowered with strategic vision and operational excellence. This combination of assets is how we plan to sustain strong performance.
A fundamental aspect of our culture is that we are not satisfied, and we continue to push for more. We know that great opportunity remains for continued revenue growth and improved productivity. We laid out several growth strategies at our investor conference in November, and we are executing on those everyday. At the same time, we continue to identify ways to drive further productivity.
Five years ago, we announced the plan to merge First Data and Fiserv. Today, we are a 4.5-year-old company with a 38-year track record of double-digit adjusted earnings per share growth. Under our new structure, half of our company, Merchant Solutions, is a leader in the high-growth payment market where SMBs and enterprises are embracing the benefits of an operating system with seamless integration of value-added solutions.
The other half, Financial Solutions, is a leader in the high recurring revenue financial IT software and services market, helping small- and medium-sized financial institutions level the playing field with larger banks and helping larger banks migrate to next-generation technology.
This combination of growth and consistency has served us well, and our business model is even more compelling at the intersection of these 2 businesses. We continue to see a strong opportunity to cross-sell and integrate merchant and financial solutions to help financial institutions better serve their merchant customers and enable merchants to retain customers with new financial services offerings. Fiserv is unique in its positioning at the center of these 2 important ecosystems.
Let's take a step back and review our 2023 results. They highlight another important aspect of our culture, delivering on our commitments. In late 2020, we set formidable financial and operational targets for the subsequent 3 years. We delivered on those and more.
For 2023, we started with organic revenue growth guidance of 7% to 9% and delivered 12%. We started with a goal of at least 125 basis points of adjusted operating margin improvement and delivered 220 basis points. And we started with adjusted EPS guidance of $7.25 to $7.40 or 12% to 14% growth, and we delivered $7.52 or 16% growth.
In the fourth quarter, we achieved organic revenue growth of 12% and adjusted operating margin of 40.7%, up 150 basis points from fourth quarter 2022, which itself was an exceptionally strong quarter. Our adjusted earnings per share of $2.19 was ahead of expectations on the strength of our merchant revenue and payments margin. Free cash flow was also very strong at $1.3 billion and we repurchased 8.6 million shares, ending the year with 5% fewer average diluted shares outstanding than last year.
Our Merchant Acceptance segment generated organic revenue growth of 24% and 19% in the quarter and full year, respectively, exceeding our expectations at the start of the year. Clover revenue growth accelerated to 30% in the quarter as SMBs remained healthy, and restaurants, in particular, continuing to outperform.
Our distribution partners globally continue to embrace our platform. Value-added solutions revenue grew more than 40% in 2023 to end the year at 19% penetration rate. Carat's revenue growth rebounded to 11% in the quarter or 15% excluding the client that's been processing in-house mid last year.
Growth was driven by the ramp of recent wins by key clients, which has continued into this year. We expanded our global acquiring capability by adding India's UPI and Japan's JCB as payment methods for clients in more than 35 markets. In the energy sector, we complemented our leadership position with a new deal to provide seamless unattended payment experiences for drivers using one of the country's largest networks of charging stations.
Outside the U.S., we were pleased to have signed several new deals in EMEA during Q4 and into January. They included a major new merchant acquiring relationship with a leading apparel and equipment retailer and a renewal and extension of business with a leading QSR. Additionally, our Vert joint venture with Deutsche Bank is now beginning to hit its stride with accelerated Clover merchant sign-ups.
In Asia Pac, we signed a new merchant acquiring deal with Vistara, a domestic airline in India, and went live with more payout options for consumers in the region. In Latin America, we continue to ramp up merchant acquiring in Brazil for CaixaBank, along with payment acceptance at its BillPay outlets.
We've laid the groundwork to support more fee-based fixed transactions from merchant clients with the acquisition of SLED in Q4. SLED is a software solutions company that will allow Fiserv to operate as a direct payment service provider, expanding our reach into the full Pix instant payments universe.
In April, we will be rolling out Clover, which we expect to further advance our leading position in Brazil. In Argentina, we are building on our 4-year Clover lead with acceleration in new merchant growth. With more Clover merchants engaging in more anticipation activity, our growth in Argentina continues beyond the macro factors of high inflation and interest rates.
The Payments segment achieved the top end of its medium-term guidance range with 4% organic revenue growth in the quarter and 8% for the year. We added nearly 20 large e-commerce merchants to our debit network, STAR and Accel, in the wake of Reg II, including eBay and HelloFresh in Q4 and Uber, Lyft and others earlier in the year. Several of these are new clients to Fiserv.
In 2023, we signed well over 200 of our financial institution clients to our NOW Network to expand their payment rails to include FedNow for real-time payments. In BillPay, the biller directory behind our market-leading consumer bill paying business is proving valuable in the SMB space as we complete the build-out of our new small business accounts receivable and payable offering, CashFlow Central.
We won our first client in the fourth quarter, Washington Federal Bank with $23 billion in assets. And just last week, Fiserv expanded its long-standing digital money movement relationship with U.S. Bank to now include CashFlow Central. These 2 important wins came just a few months after formally announcing the product.
The pipeline is growing rapidly with strong interest and demand from financial institutions, including many of the largest. At our investor conference, we talked about value-added solutions and new verticals in our issuing business. We made significant progress on both during 2023 and early Q1. One of our value-added services, an AI-based fraud prevention tool called Advance Defense grew volume nearly 5x over 2022. Now Synchrony is in the process of upgrading to Advance Defense across its portfolio of more than 70 million accounts.
We're excited to be rolling out the California Employment Development Department plan through our money network prepaid cards. This largest of its kind state program for unemployment and other benefits will go live later this month. We have a pipeline of other opportunities in the government sector to deliver on our strategy to grow in this vertical.
This also extends to health care, where we converted a significant portion of HealthEquity's card portfolio onto our platform in the fourth quarter, with the remainder scheduled for later this year. In EMEA, we signed our first global open FX issuer deal with Absa, one of Africa's largest diversified financial services group. This new currency solution enables issuers to take control of their FX, mitigate FX exposure and bring more value to their cardholders.
With Truworths, one of the leading retailers in South Africa, we upgraded to a VisionPLUS license attaching more value-added solutions. In Asia Pac, we added a new India issuer processing client, Equitas Small Finance Bank. They will launch their retail and corporate card programs using our FirstVision India processing hub with the full stack offering that includes UPI, loyalty, offers and real-time fraud management.
The Fintech segment recorded a 1% decline in organic revenue for the quarter and a 2% increase for the full year. Organic growth, excluding periodic revenue for the year, was 4%. While we knew we had a very difficult comparison with high periodic revenue in Q4 '22, we had visibility to achieve our growth goal, in large part, from the level of client engagement we saw in Forum, our client conference in June, and those discussions continue.
Separately, the pace of new core wins remains healthy at 12 in Q4 and clients are demonstrating 2 important trends. First, they are migrating from one Fiserv core operating system to another, a positive sign that they are finding the answers to their changing needs right here within the Fiserv portfolio. Second, while M&A activity among financial institutions slowed in 2023, we believe that M&A activity is good for us as we can compete at any level with any institutions with our platforms, and it creates an opportunity to provide more services to the combined institution.
Prosperity Bank, a Texas-based regional bank with $38.5 billion in assets, decided in Q4 to migrate to our cloud-enabled DNA Platform and signed up for our CardHub value-added solutions. Old National Bank, a $49 billion bank in Indiana, is a core system client that has been growing with us as it has been making acquisitions. And we continue to grow our relationship with Old National in the fourth quarter with the addition of debit processing, Accel, CardHub and other value-added solutions.
These are also 2 examples of our Financial Technology segment clients buying our value-added solutions in the Payments segment. This ongoing trend of clients buying services across these 2 segments is a key reason why we are creating a single new segment, Financial Solutions.
Turning to the outlook for 2024, we expect total company organic revenue growth of 15% to 17%, inclusive of an estimated 7 points of growth from excess revenue in Argentina driven by significantly higher inflation and interest in the Argentina merchant business, following the government's steep peso devaluation in mid-December.
We expect continued margin improvement in 2024 with at least 100 basis points of adjusted operating margin expansion and adjusted earnings per share should grow 14% to 16%, reaching $8.55 to $8.70. This adjusted EPS growth outlook is in the middle of the range we provided at our investor conference in November, and it's meant to be a prudent reflection of the macroeconomic outlook.
Economist consensus calls for U.S. personal consumption growth and consumer savings to be lower in 2024, creating a modest headwind to the merchant business. Against a potentially softer backdrop, we remain confident in our ability to grow Clover and Carat as we add more merchants, sell more to existing clients and add to our portfolio and penetration of value-added solutions.
Our discussions with banks and credit unions indicate that they remain poised to spend to retain and grow deposits. We are meeting their changing needs every day with our operating system approach that offers the most integrated platforms and broader suite of value-added solutions in the business.
We are encouraged by our newest financial solutions initiatives in SMB payments with CashFlow Central, our new integrated digital banking platform, Experience Digital, and the power of Fintech to win over larger banks and existing clients. We expect all of these to ramp over the course of 2024 and set the stage for stronger growth in subsequent years.
To summarize, our outlook for 2024 is positive as we anticipate another year of double-digit organic revenue growth and adjusted earnings per share as well as strong adjusted operating margin expansion. Our optimism for sustained growth level is tempered only by the economic backdrop of modestly slower GDP growth and geopolitical tensions.
We remain confident in our ability to control our growth trajectory at the top and bottom lines through our strong positioning, innovation, good stewardship of capital and plain hard work, where we rely on our resilient business model with its diverse client mix serving nondiscretionary spending categories and our high recurring revenue to continue investing at a pace that supports our competitive strengths.
For more details on our financial results, I'll pass the discussion on to Bob.

Robert W. Hau

Thank you, Frank, and good morning, everyone. If you're following along on our slides, I'll cover additional detail on total company and segment performance, starting with our financial metrics and trends on Slide 4. Fourth quarter and full year results reflected our focus on delivering on our commitments with momentum across the business.
Total company organic revenue growth was 12% in the quarter with ongoing strength in our Merchants Acceptance and Payments and Network segments, offset by a decline in the Fintech segment against a very difficult compare. For the full year, total company organic revenue also grew 12%, ahead of the guidance we provided in October and November. This performance was led by the Merchant Acceptance segment, which grew 19%.
Fourth quarter total company adjusted revenue grew 6% to $4.6 billion and adjusted operating income grew 10% to $1.9 billion, resulting in an adjusted operating margin of 40.7%, an increase of 150 basis points versus the prior year and a sequential improvement of 260 basis points. The 40.7% represents a post-merger high for Fiserv.
Our fourth quarter performance brought the full year adjusted operating margin to 37.3%, an increase of 220 basis points over 2022. Fourth quarter adjusted earnings per share increased 15% to $2.19 compared to $1.91 in the prior year. Full year adjusted earnings per share increased 16% to $7.52. Those adjusted EPS results do not include $0.12 per share in expense relating to the significant devaluation of the Argentine peso as part of the government reform package on December 12 last year.
This one-day move led to a nonoperating noncash foreign exchange loss for the revaluation of our local balance sheet as required under GAAP rules for hyperinflation accounting. All other Argentine foreign exchange losses throughout 2023 are included in the adjusted EPS results. Free cash flow came in at $1.3 billion for the quarter and $4 billion for the full year, an increase of 14% over last year.
Now looking to our segment results, starting on Slide 6. Organic revenue growth in the Merchant Acceptance segment was 24% in the quarter and 19% for the full year, well ahead of our previous medium-term segment guidance of 9% to 12%. This includes an 8-point benefit to the full year organic growth from the transitory revenue driven by above-average interest and inflation in Argentina.
Adjusted revenue growth was 14% in the quarter and 12% for the full year. You can see from the spread between organic and adjusted revenue growth that currency headwinds from the devaluation of the Argentine peso offset the benefit of the country's very high inflation and interest for the full year in adjusted revenue.
Global merchant volume and transactions in the quarter grew 5% and 8%, excluding wholesale processing, respectively. Clover revenue grew 30% in the fourth quarter, an annualized payment volume growth of 17%. For the full year, Clover revenue was up 25%. The spread between revenue and volume growth comes from higher penetration of value-added solutions, channel mix shifts and some pricing.
VAS penetration reached 19% in Q4, up from 16% in the year-ago period, and on pace to meet our 27% target by 2026. Carat also had a strong quarter with revenue growing 11%. For the year, Carat revenue grew 9%. Excluding the loss of a Latin American processing client that moved in-house, revenue growth was 15% for both the quarter and the year.
Adjusted operating income in the Merchant Acceptance segment increased 26% to $819 million in the quarter with margin up 400 basis points to 38.8%. Full year adjusted operating income improved 23% to $2.9 billion and margin grew 330 basis points to 35.1%. Over the last couple of quarters, some of you have noted that our revenue includes anticipation in LatAm, but the cost of that anticipation interest is not included in operating margin, as it is reported as interest expense below the operating income line on the income statement.
If we were to take that interest from anticipation and pro forma it back to operating income, merchant margins would still have expanded a very strong 220 basis points for the quarter and 260 basis points for the year. Looking at 2024, January's overall volume growth, excluding processing, was similar to December's pace.
Difficult weather throughout large portions of the U.S. did slow volume growth for a 2-week period in mid-January, but we've seen clear improvement in volume growth since then. The Fiserv Small Business Index also points to steady spending in a healthy environment for small businesses in January.
We reported the index on February 2 with a value of 138, representing year-over-year growth of 1.7% and 1/10 of 1% growth from December on a seasonally adjusted basis. The Fiserv Small Business Index measures U.S. small business activity and is not a direct indicator of Fiserv results, but rather a measure of general pace of activity and health of this key Fiserv client base.
Turning to Slide 7 on the Payments and Network segment. Organic revenue grew 4% in the quarter. This growth was enabled by a variety of drivers across our business lines. We have well over 200 financial institutions live or implementing FedNow and saw continued strength in Zelle with transactions and number of clients growing at 44% and 23%, respectively, for the quarter.
Full year organic revenue growth of 8% was at the upper end of our medium-term outlook range of 5% to 8%. Fourth quarter adjusted operating income for the segment was up 8% to $877 million and margin was up 250 basis points to 51%, driven by operating leverage and some third-party productivity we had been working on throughout the year that came in through the fourth quarter. For the full year, adjusted operating income was up 13% to $3.2 billion and margin expanded 250 basis points to 47.8%.
Moving to Slide 8 in the Financial Technology segment. We posted a 1% organic revenue decline for the quarter and 2% growth for the full year. Organic revenue, excluding periodic revenue, grew 4% for the full year, and client momentum continued with 12 core wins in the quarter, reaching 42 wins for the year. We had expected some strong license sales in the quarter to reach the bottom end of our full year guidance, but in several cases, these did not materialize as clients instead chose our application service provider or ASP model.
This is where we host the software in our data centers instead of clients purchasing their own software licenses. It had the effect of lowering in-quarter revenue in Q4 and instead spreading it out as monthly payments over multiple years. Adjusted operating income was down 11% in the quarter to $303 million and flat at $1.2 billion for the year.
Adjusted operating margin in the segment decreased 340 basis points to 37.9% in the quarter. Full year margin increased 10 basis points to 36.6%, with the lower periodic revenue. The corporate adjusted operating loss was $110 million in the quarter and $494 million for the full year. The adjusted effective tax rate in the quarter was 18.7% and was 19.3% for the year.
We expect the 2024 adjusted effective tax rate will be approximately 20% for the full year. Total debt outstanding was $23.1 billion on December 31. The debt to adjusted EBITDA ratio dropped another tenth of a turn to 2.7x, within our target leverage range. We have approximately 10% of our debt in variable rate instruments.
During the quarter, we repurchased 8.6 million shares for $1 billion, bringing our total 2023 share repurchase to $4.7 billion and nearly $10 billion in the last 3 years. The diluted average share count fell 5% from 2022 levels. We had 52 million shares remaining authorized for share repurchase at the end of the quarter. Our long-standing capital allocation strategy will continue in 2024, defined by a strong balance sheet, share repurchases and complementary and innovative acquisitions.
Turning to Slide 9. As Frank said earlier, we expect organic revenue growth of 15% to 17%, with adjusted operating margin expansion of more than 100 basis points. This translates to adjusted earnings per share of $8.55 to $8.70 or 14% to 16% growth over 2023 and would represent our 39th consecutive year of double-digit adjusted EPS growth.
In Merchant Solutions, we anticipate organic revenue growth in the 25% to 28% range, including 14 percentage points of transitory revenue growth in Argentina. This is higher than the outlook given at our investor conference in November due to the effects of the steep devaluation of the Argentine peso mid-December.
For Financial Solutions, we continue to expect 5% to 7% organic revenue growth this year. We continue to estimate approximately $4.5 billion of free cash flow for 2024. In the second half of 2023, we launched a new initiative to purchase green tax credits where we buy tax credits at a discount from companies who earned but cannot use them. This reduces the net cash tax paid and in many cases, defers the cash payment by a quarter or 2.
A recent new rule codified this practice for 10 years, so we expect to continue to benefit from it. This will bring more variability to our quarterly cash flows. In 2024, there will be a headwind in the first quarter and first half when we paid for the credits and a tailwind in the second half when some of the tax refunds are received. While we do anticipate some shifts in timing, we continue to expect full year free cash flow of approximately $4.5 billion.
With that, let me turn the call back to Frank for some closing remarks.

Frank J. Bisignano

Thanks, Bob. I'd like to spend a few minutes highlighting Fiserv's commitment to corporate social responsibility, which we align with business operations and employee engagement to maximize impact. Our next CSR report will be published in the second quarter and will demonstrate continued development of our employee resource groups, the Fiserv Cares Foundation, and our back-to-business program that awards grants to small businesses.
To better serve our minority depository institution clients and their communities, we formed an MDI Advisory Council, which includes 8 clients and other members. The council in part of our efforts to better collaborate and deliver value through our MDI clients and the communities they serve.
Institutional Investor recognized Fiserv for its CSR efforts as the top ESG performer in the payments, processing and IT services sector, a first for the company. Our programmatic efforts earned recognition from prestigious indices like Bloomberg's Gender-Equality Index and the Human Rights Campaign's Equality Index. We also ranked #1 on the Military Times Best for Vets Employers list.
And just last week, we were named one of Fortune's World's Most Admired Companies for 2024, marking the 9th time in 10 years that we received this honorable distinction. While we scored highly in many categories, among the highest was innovation. We are particularly proud of this category recognition as well as other standouts for people leadership, product and service quality, global competitiveness and long-term investment value.
As we look ahead to what's coming in 2024, the ongoing advancement of AI is not driven solely by the expanding capabilities of technology but also by the underlying proliferation of data to feed that generative engine. For Fiserv, our data and AI-powered intelligence put us on a path to be an effective user and enabler of AI.
We're in the early innings of using it to optimize our own operations and deliver actionable insights for our clients as well with significant benefits to come in quality, productivity and growth. Fiserv already manages one of the most valuable information stores in the industry, and we start from a position of strength based simply on the sheer amount of data that runs through our systems each year.
Over $4 trillion of payment volume globally across more than 6 million merchant locations, plus 1.6 billion card accounts on file, 325 million deposit loan accounts and 20 million BillPay users across nearly 10,000 financial institutions. The power of our data fueling AI applications is already helping us throughout our business in areas such as enhanced customer service, analytics on the Clover and Carat dashboards and fraud mitigation tools.
Let me share with you 3 ways we are turning data into an increasingly potent AI asset. First, we're creating better service and insights for our clients by helping them harness data in actionable ways. As an example, 85% of technical service calls were resolved unassisted through the use of data and AI with high client satisfaction rates.
Additionally, over the last year, more than 2 million of the highest-level technical support inquiries resolved online through AI assisted learning. Second, we're embedding our data and AI capabilities into value-added solutions such as Advance Defense being used to combat fraud and other security risks. And third, we're packaging our rich data assets to build next-gen products.
Earlier this year, for instance, we launched the Fiserv Small Business Index, a real-time assessment of consumer spending at SMBs published monthly, enabling new valuable insights for financial institutions, policymakers, investors and businesses of all sizes. Bob discussed the results of our January index, which we released on February 2, making it an extremely timely measure of the current environment.
As Bob and I like to say, intellectual honesty with analytical rigor is how we run the company. Data is the enabler for us to apply this in all that we do: serving our clients; choosing our partners; assessing our competition; prioritizing our investments; understanding our performance and communicating it to investors.
With the many assets I discussed on this call, including our data, along with our dedicated associates worldwide adopting this fundamental practice of intellectual honesty with analytical rigor, I'm confident that Fiserv will continue to extend its reach and sustain our leadership through 2024 and beyond.
With that, operator, please open the line for questions.

Question and Answer Session

Operator

(Operator Instructions) For our first question, we'll go to the line of David Togut from Evercore ISI.

David Mark Togut

Good to see the continued acceleration of Clover growth. I'll ask my question and the follow-up both upfront. So first, in the 4 ppt increase in the organic revenue growth guide for 2024, it looks like about 3 points of that relates specifically to an increase in Argentina inflation. So if that's correct, could you walk through how your operating organic revenue growth assumptions have changed by segment versus the initial guide in -- at the November Investor Day?

Robert W. Hau

Yes, David, your assessment is right on the mark, the total company organic revenue growth went up from -- back in November, we said 11% to 13%. We now expect 15% to 17%. We've previously indicated the impact -- the favorable impact of higher-than-normal interest and inflation in Argentina would drive about 6 points of growth to the merchant segment or about 3 points to the total company.
We now expect that, that excess inflation and interest is about 7 points of growth to the total company. So essentially, the growth -- the increase in organic revenue growth is really attributed to higher inflation and interest expense out of Argentina. The underlying "more normal organic growth" of the Merchant segment and of the company remain consistent with what we expected and saw back in November.
The other element, of course, as we talked about in November, is there is a natural counterbalance in our adjusted revenue and in our income statement that higher excess inflation and interest rate also drives a higher currency variation or FX headwind, and that also increased about 4 points from the November. So net our adjusted revenue, our EPS, our operating margins very consistent isolating out just that Argentina impact.

David Mark Togut

And then just a quick follow-up. What are your expectations for Clover revenue growth in 2024? Would you expect continued acceleration? And then if so, any call outs? I know, Frank, you mentioned Brazil rollout in April.

Robert W. Hau

Yes. From a Clover standpoint, you saw the acceleration of revenue in the fourth quarter to 30%. We've talked quite a bit about the Clover growth rate accelerating into our Investor Day commitment actually bought back in our March of 2022 call out where we really focused in on Clover overall, where we gave an outlook to 2025. We updated that back in November to 2026.
So adding another year of our outlook, we continue to believe, obviously, that we'll deliver against that $10 billion for the total company and $3.5 billion for Clover in 2025 and then $4.5 billion for Clover in 2026. We feel good about the trajectory. I wouldn't suggest that we're going to get 30% every single quarter, but there's a lot of elements that are driving that growth and we feel good about the overall trajectory.

Frank J. Bisignano

And I would just say, we talked about Brazil. We worked on that for a long time. You should expect us to have further country rollouts. You've heard us talk about the Deutsche Bank JV Vert, which has begun to hit some stride and getting traction. You've always heard us talk about beginning to proliferate the ISV channel. And that fundamentally, there was nothing about our back book in that set of numbers in there, of course, we have a natural 90% new add and some back book that just converts centrally.
I also would highlight the pen rate is the number we talked about. We definitely were about growing ARPU. And you see that pen rate up at 19%, which kind of tracks exactly we'll be playing out to the path we believe we're on. So Clover continues to do its job, the distribution networks we have are unparalleled and we're bringing more function into it and more geographies into it. So thanks, David.

Operator

Next, we'll go to the line of Tien-Tsin Huang from JPMorgan.

Tien-Tsin Huang

I wanted to follow on with David's question just on the merchant side with volume and transaction growth. The spread there is really still quite favorable, both total and with Clover. So looking out, should we expect some kind of cyclical mean reversion with that tightening plus under this value-added services promotions and you mentioned pricing as well. So what can we assume there since we're all trying to do the benchmarking exercise?

Robert W. Hau

Yes, Tien-Tsin, I think certainly, we've continued to see that spread between volume and revenue, and it's something that is actually part of our strategic plan to grow to that $3.5 billion and $4.5 billion in Clover and $10 billion to $12 billion for Merchant by '25 and '26. I think ultimately what it comes down to is, as we continue to sell more software, more value-added services, more additional capabilities to our merchants, you're going to see revenue grow faster than volume.
The spread will ebb and flow across different quarters, but we continue to see good opportunity to sell value-added services. That penetration reached 19% in the quarter, up about of 3 full points from a year ago as we march towards the 27% by 2026, you'll continue to see great revenue growth overall. And certainly, there's a channel mix more direct and ISV relative to where we are today, that will continue to benefit that.

Tien-Tsin Huang

Right, right. Glad to hear revenue faster than volume. Just a quick follow-up and just -- I mean Frank and Bob, you both talked about a lot of good wins across all the lines here. Just thinking about the outlook for new deal activity in 2024, should we expect or do you see a lot of large deals? Or is it more of cross-selling wins with some of the new products? What do you see for this coming year?

Frank J. Bisignano

Well, I mean, I think it's all of the above. I mean I suppose you might be also referring to those CashFlow Central wins we talked about. New product rollout, tremendous opportunity there. It's another area where we're helping our banks generate revenue, deliver better technology product to their client base. And then we also believe that we have a lot of cross-sell opportunity, but we have a very large pipeline of just play on new wins. And you should expect us to continue doing what we've been doing and our expectation is we'll always do more.

Robert W. Hau

And Tien-Tsin, I mean the term cross-sell is obviously something we use internally quite a bit and we talk to you folks about. Ultimately, we have a very wide swath of clients. The U.S. Bank deal that we announced this morning on CashFlow Central, that's a big transaction with a large bank but it's a cross-sell. They are a large client of ours. They currently use CheckFree for their consumers. They'll now expand to CashFlow Central for their businesses and merchants. And so we'll continue to see lots of opportunities. It will sometimes be "new logos" but also selling additional capabilities to our existing client base.

Operator

Next, we'll go to the line of Darrin Peller from Wolfe Research.

Darrin David Peller

It's great to see the merchant strength. I do want to touch on a couple of the other segments real quickly. And on the Fintech side, just to start, I know you expected tough comps and you obviously called out the software license sales to the ASP side impacting revenues.
When we think about what that means in terms of spreading out revenues across a period of time now in terms of more recurring revenues, maybe just help us understand your anticipation for that segment again. I know you had initially raised the combined Payments and Fintech outlook a little bit when you had your Investor Day. So is that still on track? And if you could just revisit the drivers giving you confidence really in both segments.

Robert W. Hau

Yes, Darrin, so a couple of things. One, when we sign a license deal, typically, that's a 3- or a 5-year license, you get a large license transaction. December is always a pretty high month for license activity, and you get ongoing maintenance, but license is certainly the big chunk.
When you convert or when a client instead goes to an ASP contract, you book that over the 5-year period, every single month on a per account basis or a per transaction, per user basis, depending on the product and depending on the client contracting. We feel good. Ultimately, that's actually a better economic transaction for us. So we like that transition.
If you look at 2023's results and you combine the 2, bank and credit union facing segments, Fintech and Payments and Network, we did about 6% organic growth on a combined basis. If you look at our outlook for 2024, we reiterated what we said back in November, we expect that combined segment or the new segment, Financial Solutions, which is largely a combination of the existing Fintech and Payment, to be in that 5% to 7% range and actually accelerate into 2025 and beyond up to 6% to 8%.
So feel good about the overall growth of that business, the product portfolio, adding things like CashFlow Central, selling more payment solutions, benefits of Fintech as that goes live and gets deeper into the marketplace, we feel good about overall our ability to continue to grow our capability selling into the banks and credit unions.

Darrin David Peller

Okay. That's helpful. And then just a quick follow-up on the merchant side again. Frank, you talked a lot about the VAS side having a big penetration opportunity up to the mid-20% plus range. I think you had a nice jump this quarter. So maybe just touch on what drove that, combined with, if you think you have the right assets now or there's a lot more chatter over potential for tuck-ins and M&A again this year as rates may change. So anything on the horizon for you guys?

Frank J. Bisignano

Yes. I mean we really do like our hands across the board in the company. You've seen us add things like Fintech, which I think really complements our ability to compete anywhere, anyhow along with DNA, which has really proved itself. If you go to the merchant business, we're still largely focused on building out more verticals, that would be retail and services and continuing complements what we're doing in Bento.
I think our software stack is strong, and we're continuing to add functionality to it. We think our pen rate will continue to do what we've forecasted. Obviously, we're always looking at opportunities to invest as a minority investor and you've seen us do that in things like Bento and Fintech and others. Ondot, which ended up being in more than 1,000 institutions tagged to our mobility product to give an unbelievable experience to 1,000 banks.
So I think we feel good about our hand. We're always looking at can we add software functionality. And you should expect us to continue to be great stewards of capital deployment as I hope you all feel we have been.

Operator

Next, we'll go to the line from Timothy Chiodo from UBS.

Timothy Edward Chiodo

You mentioned in the prepared remarks a little bit of channel mix shift for Clover. I was hoping you could provide some directional color broad strokes across the 2023 cohort of new merchants or volume that came on to Clover, whether it be just kind of order of magnitude across direct sales, bank partners, whether they be JV or non-JV, and then, of course, wholesale and retail ISO.
And I ask, partially because clearly, the differentiation is partially due to the distribution here, but also so that we could get a better sense on the portion of revenues that are hitting adjusted revenue versus maybe being netted out or coming below the line in the equity income line.

Robert W. Hau

Yes. I think we've tried to give pretty significant transparency around the last part of that question with excess inflation and interest on in Argentina, just as a side note, our LatAm business and Argentina business is a great business. Obviously, we've got this variation going on, on the "excess", but that's a tremendous business. LatAm overall growth in Clover as we bring Clover down to Brazil, we'll add Mexico later in the year. So we feel very good about our overall capabilities there.
To the first part of the question, I would say, broadly, we continue to expand our distribution capabilities. We have a long track record of ISO and ISV partners, bank channel partners. We have traditionally not had a big direct business, that is -- that continues to grow, but we also continue to grow pretty meaningfully in the ISV channels with expansion of ISV capability into Clover.
And having that Clover asset makes us a pretty significant partner of choice, not only for ISVs, but also the bank channels. So we see growth there. As a percent of growth, our direct business is probably growing the fastest but a little bit of -- it's a smaller -- smallest piece. It's the newest piece of the organization, but we're seeing good growth across the board.

Operator

Next, we'll go to the line of Dan Dolev from Mizuho Securities.

Dan Dolev

Guys, great results here. My quick first question is on, again, back to the value-added services, really impressive 40% growth. Can you maybe talk a little bit about the split in '23 between software and capital?

Robert W. Hau

You're asking about 2023?

Dan Dolev

Yes, the 40% growth that you mentioned in '23.

Robert W. Hau

So I wouldn't necessarily have a split for you at my finger tips. So we can look to get that for you. And I think I would tell you that it's been pretty consistent. Obviously, we always have a relatively large software capital software spending, given the nature of our business, and I think that remains relatively consistent.

Frank J. Bisignano

Dan, were you asking, if you look at the 40%, what component was largely software and what component was Clover capital? Was that the question you're asking?

Dan Dolev

Yes, exactly on the value added services.

Frank J. Bisignano

Yes, it's software dominated. I mean it would be, I'd call it, large majority software.

Robert W. Hau

Sorry, Dan, I heard you -- I heard CapEx spending.

Dan Dolev

Oh, I'm sorry, yes, it's my Israeli accent.

Frank J. Bisignano

That's okay. Yes. That's why we got 4 ears here.

Dan Dolev

And then just my quick follow-up, really impressed by the opportunities in Reg II. I mean, one of the networks commented that this was a drag. I would imagine this is a big benefit for Fiserv. Can you maybe talk about the size of the opportunity here for STAR and Accel?

Frank J. Bisignano

Well, as I continue to say, we have been committed to our debit networks, STAR and Accel, they're strategic assets within the company. As Reg II turns into reality, you've heard us talk about nearly 20 wins. Obviously, we compete at every level. There's fabulous competition out there for these transactions.
But embedded in what we're looking at is obviously more opportunity than we had before Reg II and the fact that some of those household names that you heard like HelloFresh or Lyft or others give us that opportunity. So I think it's off to a decent start. It remains to be determined over the longer haul, but we feel good about the Reg II opportunity.

Operator

Next, we'll go to the line of Jason Kupferberg from Bank of America.

Jason Alan Kupferberg

I just wanted a follow up on the Fintech segment and the dynamic you saw there where you switched kind of from the -- or the clients wanted to switch kind of from the license model to more the recurring ASP model. Do you see this as kind of a one-off development with a handful of clients? Is this a broader trend? Just anything you can give us maybe around where that segment sits now in terms of percentage of revenue that's kind of more periodic versus recurring and what you're projecting on that front going forward.

Frank J. Bisignano

Yes, I think there's a series of factors. I'd go back on the full year 4% but nonperiodic revenue. And clearly, we ultimately signed a number of transactions, but they became ASP instead of license, which we thought we had visibility to license. We also like to remind everybody that fourth quarter historically is where -- fourth quarter in the last month is where these things have been going down to the wire, like it would with any software sale, as I know, having been a forced buyer of software for years and jobs I have done.
So I think that -- it's not necessarily a trend, but it does have clients, and we saw it last year, too, in different ways, clients who believe that given regulatory, given cyber, given a series of factors, the ASP model will help their P&L and their ability to perform better than the license would have. I think it's an institution-by-institution choice. It's not the first time we've seen it. And I think a lot remains to be determined.

Jason Alan Kupferberg

Okay. Good color. Just on a separate note, we saw last month, Fiserv applied for a bank charter in Georgia. Can you just talk about the steps, potential timeline to get that application approved, what the benefit to Fiserv would potentially be, whether that's on the cost side or ability to provide additional solutions to merchants?

Frank J. Bisignano

Well, yes, let me bring pure clarity to what that is because there's clearly lots of questions about why Fiserv is applying for a bank license. And obviously, before we did that, we talked to the ABA, we communicate to our clients. It's a very specific purpose license that allows for sponsorship of merchant acquiring.
Historically, you needed a bank and that's within the Visa and Mastercard rules. And our ability to be able to have an institution for that sole purpose that will allow us to be a sponsor for our own merchant acquiring in certain instances will be valuable as we can control more of the outcome than we could before. Very specific purpose. Very clear to our banks, we're not competing with them.
We have great bank partners, probably the largest bank portfolio in the world when you take merchant business and all our other businesses, and we're a business to help our banks grow. This ultimately supports our smaller banks who do not have sponsorship and we can bring it. It became more clear in the merger when we were able to cross-sell to our community banks and others, which we would have not had at First Data, that our ability to sponsor them ourselves would be very valuable.

Operator

Our next question comes from Dave Koning from Baird.

David John Koning

Guys, great year. And I guess my question on merchant. So you guided 25% to 28% organic. And then you talked about 14% benefit from FX and inflation. So you're down to a core of kind of 11% to 14%. Do both North America and international grow in that range, which presumably is taking quite a bit of share?

Robert W. Hau

Yes. So the merchant business overall, obviously, good growth. Our international regions: Europe, Latin America, APAC, all growing very nicely. EMEA larger than Latin America, growing a bit slower from an organic standpoint. Broadly our North American business, very high single-digit growth rate.
And obviously, the international business is growing meaningfully higher than that given the size of the business and the opportunity to continue to grow and add merchants and sell more services there also. But good business, most definitely in all 4 regions.

David John Koning

Got you. And just a quick follow-up. FX losses, will you not add those back again through 2024? I know Q4 seems like the anomaly, you won't add those back. And maybe how big do you expect that to be in interest expense in 2024?

Robert W. Hau

Yes. So let me make sure we're clear. What we adjusted out was actually not fourth quarter, not December, it was December 12. It was the 1-day devaluation that the new President of Argentina put into place, a little more than a 50% deval, and it was only the impact of revaluing the balance sheet, which in most currencies stays on the balance sheet. But because Argentina is hyperinflation or highly inflationary, the accounting rules require you to revalue the balance sheet through the income statement.
We did that every day of 2022. We did it every day of 2023 with the exception of the onetime significant transact or significant move that we felt was really non-normal course, nonoperational. So we dialed that piece out only. All of the other 364 days went through the income statement, and in fact, were larger than what we took in that one day. We have that, that will occur in 2024.
Obviously, if there's other -- another significant deval, we may evaluate that. We're not anticipating that. We think things are "stabilizing" in Argentina, remains to be seen. It's a unique economy. We've got some great leadership down there that are running our Latin America business that have been through these cycles multiple times over decades of leadership. So we feel very good about being able to handle the kind of ongoing normal things. This onetime one-day deval is what we dialed out.

David John Koning

Got you. Great job.

Frank J. Bisignano

Thank you.

Operator

And for our final question, we'll go to the line of Ashwin Shirvaikar from Citi.

Ashwin Vassant Shirvaikar

I guess my question is with regards to the cadence of segment revenues and segment margins, what should we expect through the year? Because there are, I think, a couple of factors at least with regards to how, I guess, Argentina impact plays out? Does it reduce through the course of the year? And then Carat, I would imagine, much better back half of the year because of the lack of comp -- tough comp, factors like that. I mean, how should we think of cadence through the course of the year?

Robert W. Hau

Yes. I think, first off, broadly, across the company, I don't see a big variation from quarter-to-quarter or first half to second half. There are obviously some specific comparisons within individual segments or individual margins. But broadly, generally in line across the board with the one nuance in our Merchant Acceptance business.
I would expect organic revenue to be higher in the first half of the year than in the second half of the year because we do anticipate some improvement in interest rates and inflation in the second half relative to what's going on there as the economy deals with some of the things that the government is putting in place hopefully with their expectation that they ease inflation and interest rates remains to be seen. But of course, that's offset by FX.
So on an adjusted revenue basis, from a margin standpoint and EPS, relatively stable. The other thing I would just reiterate, we talked a bit about it in our prepared remarks. Cash flow will definitely have some variation with tailwinds in the second half of the year after some headwinds in the first half. But again, we have a good degree of confidence in the $4.5 billion for the full year.

Ashwin Vassant Shirvaikar

Got it. And then the quick follow-up is Fiserv's Small Business Index, I guess, how indicative is it of the health of Fiserv's own client base? And can you comment, generally speaking, on small business health? It seemed to me like your economic assumptions call for more or less a soft landing, but I just want to clarify.

Robert W. Hau

Yes. First off, the latter part, yes, I would agree. We are anticipating, I think, like the rest of the world at this point, a soft landing. Things seem to be on track for that. A bit softer macro environment, modestly slower GDP in 2024. The FSBI is based upon a very broad set of data that we have across our company that we then extrapolate to the entire U.S. market. So it is not a direct indication of Fiserv activity.
If there are differences in region mix of we're very strong in restaurant, we might have more restaurants than we do nail salons or so we go through the NAICS codes across the country, different industry weightings, different regions, but we take our data and extrapolate it across the U.S. So it's very much a very real-time indicator of the health of small businesses.
Now relative to our performance, we're the largest merchant acquirer in the country. So if there's variation in the FSBI, you're likely to see variation in Fiserv's results relative to some nuances of different regions, industry weightings, et cetera. But certainly, a strong FSBI indicator index would be good for us, a weaker index would be a headwind for us.
We're actually quite proud of that capability. Not only is it using all of the data we have, by the way, including cash transactions, which obviously don't manifest themselves in our numbers for merchant acquiring, but we have the data, and it's very real time. We're able to provide that information 2 days after the month ends. It's not a perfect proxy, but it's a proxy.

Frank J. Bisignano

Well, thank you, everyone, for your attention today. Please feel free to reach out to IR team with any questions, and have a great day.

Operator

Thank you all for participating in the Fiserv Fourth Quarter 2023 Earnings Conference Call. That concludes today's call. Please disconnect at this time, and have a great rest of your day.