Q4 2023 Five9 Inc Earnings Call

Participants

Barry Zwarenstein; CFO; Five9, Inc.

Daniel P. Burkland; President & Chief Revenue Officer; Five9, Inc.

Michael Burkland; CEO & Chairman; Five9, Inc.

Catharine Anne Trebnick; Senior Research Analyst; Rosenblatt Securities Inc., Research Division

David E. Hynes; Analyst; Canaccord Genuity Corp., Research Division

James Edward Fish; Director & Senior Research Analyst; Piper Sandler & Co., Research Division

Matthew Niknam; Director; Deutsche Bank AG, Research Division

Matthew David VanVliet; Director & Application Software Analyst; BTIG, LLC, Research Division

Meta A. Marshall; VP; Morgan Stanley, Research Division

Michael James Latimore; MD & Senior Research Analyst; Northland Capital Markets, Research Division

Michael James Turrin; Senior Equity Analyst; Wells Fargo Securities, LLC, Research Division

Peter Marc Levine; Analyst; Evercore ISI Institutional Equities, Research Division

Ryan Patrick MacWilliams; Research Analyst; Barclays Bank PLC, Research Division

Samad Saleem Samana; Equity Analyst; Jefferies LLC, Research Division

Scott Randolph Berg; Senior Analyst; Needham & Company, LLC, Research Division

Sitikantha Panigrahi; MD; Mizuho Securities USA LLC, Research Division

Taylor Anne McGinnis; Equity Research Analyst for Software; UBS Investment Bank, Research Division

Thomas Blakey; Research Analyst; KeyBanc Capital Markets Inc., Research Division

Presentation

Operator

Thank you for joining us today. On the call are Mike Burkland, Chairman and CEO; Dan Burkland, President; and Barry Zwarenstein, CFO.
Certain statements made during the course of this conference call that are not historical facts, including those regarding the future financial performance of the company, expected ARR from certain customers, customer growth, anticipated customer benefits, company growth, enhancements to and development of our solution, market size and trends, our expectations regarding macroeconomic conditions, company market position, initiatives and expectations, technology and product initiatives, including investment in R&D and other future events are forward-looking statements within the meaning of the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995. Such statements are simply predictions, should not be unduly relied upon by investors. Actual events or results may differ materially, and the company undertakes no obligation to update the information in such statements.
These statements are subject to substantial risks and uncertainties that could adversely affect Five9's future results and cause these forward-looking statements to be inaccurate, including the impact of adverse economic conditions, including macroeconomic deterioration and uncertainty, including increased inflation, increased interest rates, supply chain disruptions, decreased economic output and fluctuations in currency exchange rates, lower growth rates within our installed base of customers and the other risks discussed under the caption Risk Factors and elsewhere in Five9's annual and quarterly reports filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission.
In addition, management will make reference to non-GAAP financial measures during this call. A discussion of why we use non-GAAP financial measures and information regarding reconciliation of our GAAP versus non-GAAP results and guidance, is currently available in our press release issued earlier this afternoon as well as in the appendix of our investor deck and in the Investor Relations section on Five9's website at investors.five9.com. Lastly, I'll remind you that, unless otherwise indicated, financial figures discussed are non-GAAP.
And now I'd like to turn the call over to Five9's Chairman and CEO, Mike Burkland.

Michael Burkland

Thanks, Emily, and thanks, everyone, for joining our call this afternoon. I'm pleased to share that we finished the year with strong results. Fourth quarter revenue grew 15% year-over-year and full year revenue grew 17%. This increase continues to be primarily driven by our enterprise business with LTM subscription revenue growing 25% year-over-year. .
Adjusted EBITDA margin for the fourth quarter was 20% of revenue, helping drive a Q4 record for operating cash flow of $37 million or 15% of revenue. As you all know, we take a balanced approach to delivering top line growth and bottom line profitability.
Today, I'd like to start off by commenting on the market opportunity ahead for Five9. We believe the market has never been better for large enterprises to move to the cloud. We are continuing to see strong momentum upmarket with new logos as evidenced by our Q4 record in enterprise bookings. In addition, our pipeline continues to grow, hitting another record high. We are seeing acceleration at the top of the funnel with enterprise strategic RFPs more than doubling year-over-year, which is a strong indicator of our market being at an inflection point.
This market opportunity is being driven by three key ongoing trends. First, migration to cloud contact center platforms is becoming one of the highest priorities for enterprises, especially as many on-premise solutions are being end of life. With cloud penetration at approximately 20% and we believe there is a significant runway ahead. Second, enterprises are laser-focused on improving customer experience and cloud contact centers are at the heart of enabling these businesses to reimagine their CX. And third, enterprises are increasingly leveraging AI to empower their businesses and cloud contact centers are becoming an imperative to deliver on their AI and automation initiatives. This market remains massive and underpenetrated, and we believe this is a durable, multiyear opportunity.
Now I'd like to remind you of the three main growth drivers of our business. Our platform, our march up-market and our international expansion. I'll start with the platform. We continue to strengthen our AI leadership in CX by infusing AI throughout our platform. We've been leveraging the power of generative AI to further expand AI-powered solutions such as Five9 chat bots and IVA. In addition, generative AI is enhancing many other offerings in our AI and automation portfolio including AI Insights and AI Summaries, which are gaining meaningful traction. For example, year-over-year bookings growth for Agent Assist, which includes AI Summaries, accelerated in each of the last three quarters, culminating in a 6x increase in Q4. We believe much of this rapid growth can be attributed to the value we deliver to customers with our leading generative AI capabilities and our successful try-before-you-buy program.
Our leadership in AI is also being widely recognized by the industry. We are excited to report that Five9 was named a global leader in the just released 2024 Aragon Research Globe for conversational AI. The report provides an in-depth analysis of leading contact center vendor strategy and product strength in conversational and generative AI. Additionally, in the most recent Baird Channel survey from late December, we were named as the contact center provider with the best AI solutions.
Overall, we continue to see significant momentum in this area with AI and automation making up 17% of our total ACV new logo bookings for Enterprise in Q4. Additionally, AI and automation products now make up 7% of our enterprise subscription revenue.
Next, I'd like to talk about our data strategy. Data has become more important than ever in unlocking value in CX. How much data is collected, the number of data sources, the explosion of data types and the secure and responsible use of that data are all becoming critical buying considerations for contact center decision-makers. The benefits of having a strong data strategy are clear. More personalization to create an amazing and differentiated customer experience is just the tip of the iceberg. Richer insights for key stakeholders in the contact center, including agents, managers and operators make for better decisions. Leveraging data with AI drives critical improvements for self-service and up-leveling every agent to deliver the optimal customer experience.
Five9 is the platform where customer experience data is created, utilized and actioned. We recognized this opportunity early on with the addition of Five9 Data Lake. To build upon this, we recently acquired Aceyus, a leading solution to accumulate, normalize and present rich and diverse data sources. We also integrate our data with other leading data sources in order to deliver exceptional customer experiences. We see data as the key to delivering a more personalized customer experience and this continues to be an important pillar of our platform strategy.
As you can see, we significantly strengthened our platform throughout 2023, and we are continuing to make key investments to enhance our leadership position in the market. A good example is FedRAMP, which will be a multiyear investment. However, we believe it will ultimately open up a huge market opportunity, not just at the federal level but also at the state and local governments that we believe will help us generate a meaningful new revenue stream long term.
And now I'd like to focus on our march up-market and international expansion. We continue to see strong momentum, which Dan will touch on in a moment. As I mentioned earlier, enterprise and strategic RFPs are continuing to increase at a significant rate, which give us confidence in our ability to continue marching up market in 2024 and beyond.
Also, I want to point to one of the key reasons we have been so successful in winning and deploying some of the largest enterprise accounts. We continue to get feedback from our customers that they chose us not only for our market-leading platform but also because of our people. Our customer success model is a key differentiator. The vendor they choose must have the experts to ensure a smooth transition to the cloud and improved customer experience and better business outcomes. And we have hundreds of CX experts globally that focus on transformation, migration, implementation and ongoing optimization. We also collaborate with some of the best CX partners in the world who also deliver a similar best-in-class experience.
Our international expansion continues to be a growth driver. In 2023, International revenue grew 29% year-over-year. This strong growth was driven by the ongoing investments we are making, particularly in Europe. For instance, we expanded our footprint in the DAC region by turning up local data centers and scaling our strong go-to-market team in that region. Also, we continue to strengthen our Porto engineering hub, increasing our head count there by nearly 50% last year.
Our success in marching up market and expanding internationally are increasingly being driven by our ever-growing network of global partners and their dedication to leading with Five9. For example, we recently announced the listing of our Intelligent CX platform on Google Cloud Marketplace, which simplifies the procurement of Five9 and helps Google customers retire their GCP spend commitments.
Also, we recently launched our new and enhanced Five9 University for partners, which provides comprehensive product training and certification programs to enable these partners in sales, implementation and services. As a result, in 2023, the number of global partner sales certifications tripled year-over-year and partner implementations doubled during that same period. In addition, we had 51 partners who booked more than $1 million in ACV in 2023.
Before I turn it over to Dan, I'd like to say that we remain extremely optimistic about the opportunities in this massive and underpenetrated market. We have the right platform and the right team to capitalize on this long-term and durable growth opportunity.
And with that, I'll turn it over to our President and CRO, Dan Burkland. Dan, please go ahead.

Daniel P. Burkland

Thanks, Mike, and good afternoon, everyone.
I'm pleased to report that we had a record for enterprise bookings for any Q4, adding to our strong momentum upmarket as we continue to expand our go-to-market and technology partnerships. We exited the year with 183 customers that generate over $1 million in ARR to Five9, representing more than 50% of our recurring revenue. In terms of large global partnerships, BT, TELUS International, IBM and Deloitte, just to name a few, continue to invest and build global practices around customer experience and have chosen to lead with Five9.
And now I'd like to share some examples of key wins for the quarter. The first example is a nonprofit health care organization based here in the U.S. They had been using Avaya, which was reaching end of life and lacked the innovation to deliver great customer and patient experience. We competed with the leading CCaaS providers, and we're chosen as the most comprehensive end-to-end solution with the best services offerings to accomplish their goals. With Five9, they will access a complete omnichannel solution deeply integrated to both Epic and ServiceNow CRMs. They will also be using our advanced IVA for both intelligent routing and self-service, our agent assist for transcription and summaries and our workflow automation to insert a whole set of conversational data into their CRMs. We're also providing a complete WEM suite powered by Verint, including WFM, QM, speech analytics and performance management. We anticipate this initial order to result in over $3.6 million in ARR to Five9.
The next example is a prominent university where we are providing contact center solutions for their education, research and health care facilities. They have been using Cisco, which did not meet their digital transformation initiatives including giving the business more control over delivering exceptional experience to their students, prospective students, health care patients and alumni. They evaluated all of the major CCaaS players and chose Five9 for our superior end-to-end technology solutions as well as our deep vertical expertise and strong references in education and health care. They will be using our proven IVA and chat bots for both education and health care groups. They'll be leveraging our Agent Assist to generate transcripts and summaries with deep integration to Salesforce, Epic and ServiceNow CRM. They'll also be using our WEM suite powered by Verint for AQM, Interaction Analytics and WFM for automated scheduling and forecasting. We anticipate this initial order to result in approximately $2 million in ARR to Five9.
The third example is a health care services network of acute care hospitals, rehabilitation physician groups and retail pharmacies. They have been using a variety of solutions, including Cisco and Avaya, and we're looking for a single consolidated and innovative platform in the cloud. With Five9, they will access a full omnichannel inbound and outbound solution, including proactive outreach via digital channels for appointment reminders, prescription refills and test result notifications. Likewise, patients will be able to use our IDA for scheduling appointments, refilling prescriptions and locating a nearby specialty provider. Five9 will be deeply integrated to their Epic CRM and we also included the Five9 WEM solution, including QM, WFM and Interaction analytics. Once they are migrated over to Five9, they plan to add Agent Assist for agent coaching, transcriptions and cost summaries. We anticipate this initial order to result in approximately $1.6 million in ARR to Five9.
And now as I normally do, I'll share an example of a customer who has expanded their use of Five9. This customer started with Five9 several years ago as a relatively small regional bank with about 50 seats. They grew organically to about 200 seats and then merged with another bank in 2022, where we expanded and replaced the Cisco system at the other bank. This brought their annual spend to over $1 million in ARR. Then after the full rollout in Q4 of 2023, we added the final business unit, which also added our WEM suite powered by Verint and our chat bot and IVA solutions. This customer will now generate over $1.9 million in ARR to Five9.
So as we enter 2024, we feel very strongly that our go-to-market engine is hitting on all cylinders to take advantage of the massive CX transformation underway, the accelerating migration to the cloud and the increasing adoption of AI and automation.
And with that, over to Barry for the financials. Barry?

Barry Zwarenstein

Thank you, Dan.
We are pleased to report fourth quarter revenue growth of 15% year-over-year. This is despite the ongoing macro headwinds on our installed base with slow growth in our normally seasonally strong consumer medical. By way of illustration, a number of clients in the consumer discretionary subcategory experienced for the first time since coming on to the Five9 platform, a fourth quarter sequential recurring revenue decline. In addition, we had a tough compare internationally with a separately strong new logo seat turnouts in the fourth quarter of 2022.
Our LTM enterprise subscription revenue, which now accounts for over 65% of total revenue, grew 25% year-over-year. Our enterprise business made up 87% of LTM revenue, and our commercial business, which represents the remaining 13%, grew again in the single digits on an LTM basis. Also, recurring revenue accounted for 92% of our total revenue in the fourth quarter, and the other 8% was comprised of professional services.
Our LTM dollar-based retention rate remained the same as last quarter at 110%. We expect Q1 LTM dollar-based retention rate to be either flat or very slightly down, and we expect a positive inflection in the latter part of the year, assuming no major changes in the economy. Longer term, we continue to expect our retention rate to trend towards the high 120s by 2027 due to a higher mix of enterprise customers, especially larger ones, which have higher retention rates.
Fourth quarter adjusted gross margins were 61.3%, a decrease of approximately 100 basis points year-over-year but a quarter-over-quarter improvement of approximately 70 basis points. Fourth quarter adjusted EBITDA was $48.3 million, representing a 20.2% margin, a decrease of approximately 200 basis points year-over-year but a quarter-over-quarter increase of approximately 230 basis points. Fourth quarter non-GAAP EPS was $0.61 per diluted share, a year-over-year increase of $0.07 per diluted share.
Now I would like to share our average concurrent seat count for the fourth quarter, which grew 19% year-over-year to 349,675 seats. This is equivalent to approximately 525,000 seats on a named-seat basis, a unit of measure that some others in the industry cite. As a reminder, we will continue to provide these metrics only on an annual basis.
Finally, before turning to guidance, some balance sheet and cash flow highlights. I'm pleased to report that we achieved a Q4 record for operating cash flows of $36.5 million driven in part by continued strength in our DSO performance, which came in at 32 days. We have now delivered 30 consecutive quarters of positive LTM operating cash flow, and we remain optimistic about our potential for continuing cash flow generation given our long-term model, our substantial [MRRs] and our low DSO.
I'd like to finish today's prepared remarks with a discussion of our full year 2024 and the first quarter guidance. As a reminder, for the last 7 out of 9 years, we've started with prudent revenue guidance of 16% year-over-year growth. For 2024, we are doing the same by guiding to a growth of 16% year-over-year at the midpoint or $1.055 billion in revenue, which is in line with the high level of outlook we provided last quarter. The 16% year-over-year growth is, of course, a side point, and we will update our outlook as the year progresses.
With regards to the bottom line, we are guiding 2024 non-GAAP EPS to a midpoint of $2.16 per diluted share, same as the outlook we provided for 2024 during the last earnings call. As a reminder, we plan to continue making strategic investments in innovation and go-to-market initiatives to enhance our leading position in the market.
As for the first quarter, we're guiding revenue to a midpoint of $239.5 million. This represents a relatively flat sequential change, similar to last quarter's Q1 guide, but better than the prior historic range of 1% to 4% decline. Despite the ongoing macro headwinds, we are guiding to a better quarter over quarter change due to the muted seasonal uptick in the fourth quarter which we expect to result in a less seasonal downtick in the first quarter. As for the remainder of the year, we expect a very small sequential growth in the second quarter and larger sequential increases in the second half. As a result, we anticipate slightly more than 30% of our annual revenue being generated in the second half of 2024.
We expect first quarter non-GAAP EPS to come in at $0.38 per diluted share at the midpoint, a decline of $0.23 per diluted share sequentially. I would like to point out that the first quarter non-GAAP EPS is always the weakest of the year and the $0.23 per diluted share quarter-over-quarter decrease is within our historical range of prior first quarter guidance.
For the remainder year, we expect non-GAAP EPS to increase to approximately $0.43 per diluted share in the second quarter and further improved in the second half. Please refer to the presentation posted on our Investor Relations website for additional estimates, including share count, taxes and capital expenditures.
In summary, we are pleased with our fourth quarter performance. We will continue to invest strategically throughout the year to enhance a leading position by further innovating on our platform, marching up market and expanding internationally. Operator, please go ahead.

Question and Answer Session

Operator

(Operator Instructions) Our first question will come from Scott Berg with Needham.

Scott Randolph Berg

Why don't I start with the fourth quarter results. Barry, your quarterly revenue tends to have variances around seat usage and implementation time frames. And that tends to drive your outperformance at least from a historical basis in any one quarter on the revenue side. Q4 this year was your weakest revenue beat that I can remember in all the years covering the company. I guess, can you help us understand what was maybe different in the operations side of the business this quarter versus other quarters that have had stronger revenue outperformance?

Barry Zwarenstein

Yes. So it comes down to that part of our business, approximately half that is from our installed base. If there are less interactions coming into the contact center, there's going to be less demand for agents and less demand for our services.
The numbers are very clear. We -- externally, we provided the JPMorgan Chase debit and credit card spending data, which showed low single-digit nominal growth, which means negative transaction growth. And that was the headwind that we were facing. In addition, I'd like to point out in terms of the magnitude of the beat, Scott, we beat by 1%, which was admittedly lower than normal, we beat by 2% a year ago. The fourth quarter is very difficult to predict. Our customers have to take into account the degree of seasonality and do it in the context of a macro environment that's a little bit soggy. And by way of illustration, if you look at the maximum and minimum beats over the last 7 years, and you skip over the two COVID years because those were extraordinary, I'm going to give you four numbers, 2, 5, 4, 9. 2, 5, 4, 9 is Q1, Q2, Q3, Q4 spread between minimum and the maximum beat in those quarters. And clearly, the variability is higher in the fourth quarter because of those factors that I was alluding to. So that really is the explanation.

Operator

Our next question comes from Ryan MacWilliams with Barclays.

Ryan Patrick MacWilliams

How should we think about the cadence of revenue growth throughout the year? Given the 1Q guide and the full year guide, it seems like there is solid growth embedded in the second half of 2024. Anything to call out there besides seasonality?

Barry Zwarenstein

Yes. The basic reason over there is the fact that we've got good visibility on the new logo side. We've got this considerable backlog, and we still have three or four months or so of new enterprise orders that Dan and the team will bring in of what we call [go get] that will count towards revenue in 2024. So we feel pretty comfortable that we're taking the right stance and balancing the prudence on the installed base side with the visibility that we have on the net new.

Michael Burkland

And Ryan, I'll pile on just a little bit here. Our confidence in the rest of the year is really driven by what's in the backlog. We had a record Q4 bookings for enterprise, and we've had very good quarters from a booking standpoint for the last several quarters, and it's -- that's what gives us a lot of confidence in the back half of the year.

Barry Zwarenstein

And since Mike is piling on, I'm going to pile on as well. And that is that if you look at the guidance we gave, and we gave pretty explicit guidance -- well, explicit, obviously in Q1, but also for Q2 in the revenue. And it doesn't take a rocket scientist to figure out that there is an acceleration coming in the second half of the year that is embedded into our guidance with our initial 16% starting point.
There is one other thing that I neglected to mention earlier on. So this is not going to count against your one question, Ryan, but it's really for Scott. We've also had a tough compare in terms of international. I -- it doesn't -- we knew that going in. But in terms of the actual performance in the quarter, we had very good seat turnouts in Q4 2023, but even better ones from the first strategic account that we ever had, which was the British insurance company, plus FedEx, the parcel delivery company, going up in Europe starting in 2022, very strong by the fourth quarter of 2022.

Operator

Our next question comes from DJ Hynes with Canaccord.

David E. Hynes

Barry, I don't know if I'm thinking about this correctly, but maybe you can help me. So seat count grew 19% last year. It grew 19% this year, but enterprise subscription growth has continued to decline, right, which tells me price per seat, maybe just declining, which seems at odds with everything that's happening with AI and attach rates, just help me unpack the discrepancy between kind of seat count growth that's been stable and the declines in enterprise subscription growth.

Barry Zwarenstein

Great question, DJ. Thank you. If you do the arithmetic, you'll see that, in fact, you're right. If you look at the recurring revenue per seat, Q4 2022 to Q4 2023 is down by approximately 3%. The whole reason for that or the exclusive reason for that is usage. We have more and more of these big clients that come on to the platform with committed contracts, all brought to us by the likes of BT and AT&T where -- and a good example is a health care company now our second biggest customer. They don't use our usage and may in the future, but currently they're not. And that's what caused it. The goodness that comes in from AI and automation is still there, but it's not offsetting something as big as 15% of our current revenue.

David E. Hynes

So ex usage, pricing per seat continues to trend up. Is that the correct way to think about it?

Barry Zwarenstein

There are some other dynamics like Latin America is growing a little bit faster. The prices there are a little bit lower. But if you're looking at the U.S., it is pretty much in line with how it's been growing in the past.

Operator

Our next question comes from Meta Marshall with Morgan Stanley.

Meta A. Marshall

Question for me. I guess, just what do you guys see as your biggest bottleneck today? Is it getting budget authorization? Is it getting organizations to realize what approach they want to take to AI? Is it professional services? Is it just kind of overall macro environment? Like what do you think is kind of the biggest bottleneck you guys faced with customers in getting them ramped?

Daniel P. Burkland

Gosh. I don't think there's any single bottleneck. I think what is important to understand is the strategic nature and the mission-critical nature of what we do to come in and really help companies transform how they're delivering customer experience to take what they're used to probably having 10 very independent -- I'm using an example, in some cases, 10 different contact centers with 10 different operations managers running those just saying, "Hey, we're going to consolidate this into one virtual and we're going to be able to distribute work throughout all of those locations and do so in a much different fashion with a lot more technology and automation and AI that wasn't previously available." So it's a lot of planning. The larger you go up the stack of larger and larger companies and large enterprises, the more difficult it is for them to organize and come to agreement on how to roll things out.
So always when you go upmarket, you're going to have longer lead times and longer rollouts. We'll move as quickly as they're capable of moving and we have business consulting experts that actually work with them to help kind of try to speed that up. We also talked about the Aceyus acquisition to help speed that migration up, but it is a big undertaking. And so we're very realistic on how long it takes to bring these customers up, but I don't think they're -- they're not getting any longer, it's just that as we move upmarket, we have to recognize that it's a lot more effort and work not only on our side but really on the customer side to get to the point to where they can launch and then continue to ramp.

Operator

Our next question comes from Jim Fish with Piper Sandler.

James Edward Fish

Barry, appreciate the disclosure around AI revenue finally. I think a lot of longs were looking for that one. So speaking of that, any sense to what -- how we should think about that growth rate for the year and then what that 7% revenue could be to kind of get to that 2027 goal? And Dan, for you on this topic, what's differentiating your AI Assist product versus what competitors have out there for their kind of version of it?

Daniel P. Burkland

Sure. I'll talk about AI, our Agent Assist product, three components to it, there's the real-time coaching and delivering answers so that the -- from the data sources within that company so they can -- the agent can be more efficient and effective in answering a customer question. There's the AI transcription and the AI summary of the call that gets inserted into the CRM, all part of our Agent Assist solution.
If you look, and you'll see others are all talking about those same capabilities. The key there is if you're on our platform, you need to use our agent assist product. The reason is you have to have the platform listening into the conversation to perform the transcription and to perform the summary of that transcription in real time. And if you're doing agent coaching, you have to take that in near real time and feed it back to the agent. So when you say what's the difference? There's probably not a ton of difference in what it ultimately gets delivered. We all go about it slightly different in the underlying technologies, but we're all delivering that same capability. But you can't take a Five9 customer, a Five9 contact center and use somebody else's agent assist that won't work.

Barry Zwarenstein

So Jim, in terms of what happened to that 7%, it would be easy just to say it's growing faster. (inaudible) consistently increase. It's tempting, but I'm going to resist the temptation. And the reason that I resisted temptation is the following. We've got a massive installed base, 350,000 concurrencies. And we are spring-loaded to take advantage of when this economy finally and inevitably turns around. Our retention rates have been in the mid-90s. And when those transactions increase, it will spread across that entire installed base. And we are not going to be embarrassed if that overwhelmed, just by the sheer magnitude of the installed base, the growth that we enjoy clearly demonstratively from AI and automation.

Operator

Our next question comes from Taylor McGinnis with UBS.

Taylor Anne McGinnis

Maybe, Barry, can you talk a little bit about the assumptions embedded in the 1Q guide or at least the visibility you have to that outlook. So it implies flattish sequential growth. I think historically, in 1Q, you guys have done closer to mid-single digits. So have we gotten to the point where some of the softer usage activity that you've spoken about is no longer serving as an incremental headwind. I think you mentioned the 25% subscription growth. So could -- so as these large deals ramp could we start to see an improvement in sequential growth as we move throughout the year?

Barry Zwarenstein

I'll take the last part first. Yes, the guidance would lead you to be pretty clear in assuming that we're going to see growth in the second half of the year. With respect to the dynamics around Q1, where you started your question with that. Here, we normally would have in the past, a 1% to 4% decline. The number is always there. We give a guide, go down 1% to 4% and then -- to beat it each time.
Now in Q4, we had a smaller uptick, so we're going to have a smaller downtick, and we've kept it flat. And I really would not want to comment in terms of -- beyond that in terms of Q1 beyond the guide that we've given, except to say that we feel comfortable with what we've given. And we're doing it in an environment that is pretty uncertain.
I'll make two comments on that. There's external data, which is a window into our own clear data that we see from our customers on a daily basis. The JPMorgan data for Q1 is actually negative, debit and credit card spending. So for sure, the transactions are meaningfully negative. So we're taking that into account. And we've just come from an experience where when you look at biggest our consumer, well, amongst our biggest consumer discretionary customers in the fourth quarter. For the first time ever since I came onto the platform, there was a sequential decrease from Q3 to Q4. Never happened before. And so we take this into account when we're doing our guidance.

Operator

Our next question comes from Peter Levine with Evercore ISI.

Peter Marc Levine

Maybe, Barry, for you, on the margin front, gross margins. I know you made investments over the past year to kind of modernize your infrastructure, offloading services to partners. Maybe just give us an update on kind of how that's trending. And then how should we think about gross margins going forward? I know in the year, it looks like it ticked down, but what's the expectation for gross margins?

Barry Zwarenstein

Perfect. And just by the way, I'm going to ask operator to have the next question be for somebody -- for Mike or Dan. So in terms of the gross margin, there's a number of factors moving from international GCP instances to [a home] where the margins are higher. There's the moderation in some of the investments we've been making, including in professional services with FedRAMP that is coming as a headwind. But over all of that, of all of that is the revenue growth rate against fixed and semi fixed costs. And you see that in the fourth quarter, because typically the fourth -- always the fourth quarter is one exception, is higher because that's a strong quarter.
So we actually, and we don't want to sound -- how should I put it ? Cocky or anything. We actually are not that disappointed with our gross margins, given the overall weakness in the revenue that we have been experiencing. So to answer your question now directly in terms of where we would expect the gross margin, we have got a number of programs internally that are going to take a while to demonstrate despite -- to come to fruition, but they won't. It's a major focus area, we understand the importance. We've got levers we can pull. And if we get a tailwind from the revenue, then you'll see it very sharply in the gross margin improvement.

Peter Marc Levine

And an update on partners and offloading some of those pro services?

Barry Zwarenstein

Mike?

Daniel P. Burkland

Yes. We've begun enabling more and more partners to take on, obviously, on the sales side, they have the competency now to represent us. We have thousands of people throughout the world representing Five9. We've also done what's called project pull-through, and we've referred to it before, where we've identified a select few partners that are willing to invest in getting certification for implementation and ongoing services of the platform. It's very important that we have that qualification requirement because we want to make sure that those partners are upholding the very high standard that we have for ourselves and delivering record-level NPS scores. We've referred to it as plus 85. It's unheard of in our industry. Most folks are well below plus 50. We've maintained a plus 85 rating, and we want to maintain that. We hold our partners accountable to that as well. And Mike alluded to that in his comments earlier. It's something that is allowing us to increase the percentage that go through partners. Internationally, we're over 50%. And domestically, we're tracking very nicely in the high 20s as far as the number of projects that are now being led by our partners.

Operator

Our next question comes from Michael Turrin with Wells Fargo.

Michael James Turrin

Just a quick multi-parter. So I'm curious, in Q4, if you saw any elongation tied to some of the M&A headlines, a lot of us on the investor side were focused on. And Barry, sorry, still a question for you. I know you're fatigued, but maybe expand on the precision you have behind that second half reacceleration because you also mentioned in the prepared remarks that 4Q can be tougher to forecast. It seems important for the forecast we have coming into '24. So maybe you can just add what gives you the confidence there as well.

Michael Burkland

Michael. I'll start with the first question, and let Barry handle the second one, and Dan, feel free to chime in. But there was no impact from some of those rumors that occurred relative to M&A. We set the record straight with a press release very quickly, and we did that for a reason. We definitely did not want customers and prospects and partners reacting to false news. So we're very clear with the press release if you want to quantify it, it was a 2-day delay in terms of potential sales cycle increase. But it wasn't a big impact. That's why we issued the press release. Barry?

Barry Zwarenstein

So in terms of the preceding, here it is. Again, think about new logo versus installed base. In terms of the installed base, we've made the assumption that the economy is going to use the same phrase that I used before, remain somewhat soggy for the rest of the year, nothing big down, nothing big up. .
And based upon that, we've looked very closely at the -- you get a LTM dollar-based retention rate, we look at closely at this spot, we look at it pretty closely. And we gave the guidance that we would have a positive inflection on the dollar-based retention rate during the course of 2024, just like we said, by the way, for Q4 of 2023. So we had $900 million, $910 million of revenue in 2023. If you use just the same dollar-based retention rate, no increase, you've got it -- for the year, you've got $90 million around that, there's $91 million from the installed base. That's the one part. The other part, the balance of say $55 million, $54 million is what's sitting in the backlog and what we have supreme confidence that Dan and his high-stepping sales team will be able to bring in before the end of May or end of June and bring -- and Andy and his high-stepping implementation team will implement by year-end.

Operator

Our next question comes from Siti Panigrahi with Mizuho.

Sitikantha Panigrahi

I think maybe a follow-up to your last answer. You talked about your sales cycle and the implementation cycle. But as you look at your implementation pipeline or go live, how do you compare that this year versus last year, 2023. And also, can you get an update on some of the ramp of large enterprise deals you guys talked about in large health care conglomerate or in Fortune 50 insurance companies?

Daniel P. Burkland

Great question. To answer your pipeline question, the pipeline is at an all-time record, and that's really across most all the sectors, particularly upmarket in our enterprise and strategic accounts area. As we've mentioned before, more and more of these large enterprises are now embarking on large projects, digital transformation, RFPs to replace and get out from under the legacy platforms that they've been living on for many, many years. They really have no choice. It's not only that they're being pushed to offer those platforms by the legacy providers because they're being either end-of-life or ending development. But they're also being pulled away from those and into the cloud by the advent of AI and the automation solutions that they can take advantage of. So that's one, pipeline has never been stronger.
As far as the cycles to onboard new customers, yes, I mentioned that earlier. It's one of those where we've got to work through that with each customer independently. We've got the best services organization in the world with those experts that Mike had mentioned in his prepared remarks, which is so key because we can go in and really consult with them and help them understand how they can most easily and most effectively make that transition to the Five9 cloud and do so with the right business outcomes that they're trying to achieve. And that's what we pride ourselves on, and we think we do it better than anyone. And it does give us the positive of having visibility into a backlog. We can see in the future revenue for several quarters. So that's the comfort side of it, if you will. But yes, we're working always on tooling and making things more and more efficient and helping our customers get onboarded more and more quickly.
But there are certain things. You've got integrations into lots of different platforms to be able to really extract the value from our AI and automation solutions. One of the biggest keys there is integrating to those data sources so that we can have more data feeding the engine that can then make the intelligent decisions that it needs to make and that's the key is building in all those integrations before you pull the switch and go live. And once we do that, then it's a matter of ramping them up and bringing them on board.

Operator

Our next question comes from Matthew Niknam with Deloitte Bank.

Matthew Niknam

It's Matt Niknam from Deutsche Bank. So we talked a lot about retail and consumer discretionary. I'm just curious, how -- any color you can give on health care and financials and how they did in the fourth quarter relative to typical seasonality? And have you baked in any abnormal softness in 1Q for those two verticals?

Barry Zwarenstein

So the health care and the financials are the biggest and second biggest vertical, consumer being the third, if you look at all the others aside from consumer, so the vast majority being financial and health care, they were pretty much in line in the fourth quarter in terms of sequential growth as they were in the prior year. And we've not baked in any major headwind in those two verticals in Q1.

Operator

Our next question comes from Mike Latimore with Northland.

Michael James Latimore

So on the DB&E number you talked about, Barry, are you -- did you say you expect it to be 110% for the year? Or do you expect it to improve by the second half of the year?

Barry Zwarenstein

So it's currently 110%. We're not giving Q1, Q2. I think all we said very explicitly is that we expect an inflection in the second half of the year. We have a good breakout between enterprise and commercial. We have the spot rate. We have within enterprise, the breakout between the bigger customers, which have demonstratively and consistently high dollar-based retention rate versus those -- the small enterprise customers. And there is some art to it, there's no question. Our customers don't know exactly what they're going to be doing this quarter, it's a little early in the second half. But based upon the best analysis we can do, we feel comfortable in saying what we said.

Operator

Our next question comes from Catharine Trebnick with Rosenblatt.

Catharine Anne Trebnick

So Dan, this is for you. Barry, I'm giving you a break. So what are you seeing in the RFPs from your large enterprise customers that you would say is different today than it was a year ago. And I know it's AI and automation, but are there other factors in these digital transformation that look -- that are asking you to pull these feeds in for you?

Daniel P. Burkland

Yes. So awesome question. Thank you, Catharine. And I'll give two answers instead of three because you wouldn't let me answer with AI and automation, which obviously is in all of these. But the two biggest changes are, one, genesis made their announcement that they're end of lifing their legacy on-prem and their multi-cloud solutions, which really resulted in a whole new set of customers that came to market with -- we've got to embark on a process. That's just starting.
Some of these big enterprises, it takes them several quarters to assemble a team, write an RFP, establish what they're going to ask for in that RFP and launch. So we mentioned that we saw a doubling of the number of RFPs year-over-year, especially up market. So that's one and primarily due to that Genesis space to go along with what's always been the case, which is the Legacy Avaya and Cisco solutions. As I mentioned in my prepared remarks, I think the three net new examples, one was Avaya, one was Cisco and one was a combination of Avaya and Cisco. So that's kind of the first.
The second to your question is the services. What we're finding is companies are recognizing and realizing it's not just the platform that they're purchasing. They can't just plug this into their enterprise and have it create the value that they're looking for. They've got to work and really partner with somebody who has the expertise and has the resources that have been there, done that. Many of our field professional services resources were formerly customers or they came from the largest enterprises and worked on the largest enterprises to help them with their previous platform.
So it's having those level of experts. We talk about the power of the technology and the power of the people. That's coming out more and more in the RFPs. When we look at the reasons why people choose Five9, they're coming back to us and saying -- I explained this in some of the prepared remarks I made about the examples. They're saying it's because you came in and when you demonstrated to us, you tailored the demo to our requirements and our pain points and came in with the professional services team, in many cases, upfront before the sale is closed to show them what we could be capable of and give them a feel for our business consulting as well as our solution architects to be able to show them what's capable. And that oftentimes is underestimated in our industry.

Operator

Our next question comes from Samad Samana with Jefferies.

Samad Saleem Samana

Dan, I'll stick with you so Barry can have a nice, long break there. If I just think about like subscription revenue dollars added for each year for the last several years versus what you're spending in sales and marketing annually, you basically have that ratio increasing, right, where you're spending -- sales and marketing has remained elevated, but you're adding kind of less dollars each year. So is it getting more expensive to either acquire customers? Are you investing more -- are you building out sales head count somewhere where we're waiting for the payoff. Just maybe help me understand kind of that sales and marketing investment versus what you're seeing in dollars and what that means for the go-to-market organization?

Daniel P. Burkland

Yes. I know you directed that question to me to give Barry a break, but he's chomping at the bit to take it because you'll be surprised by some of the numbers that are a result of that. Barry?

Barry Zwarenstein

Yes. No. Samad you better keep into account that there's really two businesses under the hood. And where Dan an them are spending the money is to bring in the new logos. When you're looking at those subscription numbers that you correctly cited, that includes the somewhat weaker installed base. And it's real. I mean I've given you -- I'm not going to repeat what I said earlier. And when you've got dollar-based retention rate declining from the 120s to the 110s on approximately half of our business. And by the way, this is not logo churn, enterprise -- I say we spring loaded to take advantage of when the economy inevitably turns around is that the logo retention rates on an enterprise business has been consistently in the mid-90s. So they're there, they've got less transactions, but they're there. And that's the reason. There's a second auxiliary reason, not the dominant reason. And that is that the health care companies of the world and the parcel delivery companies of the world are disproportionate. We don't pay dollar for dollar on every single last dollar on these big companies again. Otherwise, we'd have people driving around in Lamborghinis all the time. And so we have -- those are lumpy, they remain lumpy but they help bookings. And then (inaudible).

Michael Burkland

And I'm going to pile on one more time, Samad, on the sales and marketing efficiency, right? We have lots of internal metrics that we don't disclose. And one is the one I look at every single quarter and looked at it for 16 years. It's the cost of $1 of ACV bookings by net new. So that's sales and marketing compared to, again, bookings, which again, we're not disclosing that number. I can tell you it has been very consistent for a long, long time, is very, very consistent. And it's -- I would say it's best-in-class.

Samad Saleem Samana

Maybe, Barry, just a housekeeping question. I apologize if I missed it, but I just want to make sure on the guidance, when I think about you're citing kind of third-party public data and how there's at least some directional correlation there, right? So is it fair to assume if that trend is a good proxy for what is -- what will happen -- like let's say we get that before you guys report, right? So if that keeps moving in a direction for better or for worse, is that fair for us to look at that? And what have you assumed for the rest of this year looking forward that it stays at the levels we've seen so far in January and February? Or is that it gets worse or better?

Barry Zwarenstein

Very fair question. And that first part of the question, the answer is yes. We point you towards it because it's an external open, referenceable indication. In fact, in some quarters, it tracks even by monthly alone by quarter. Now with respect to going forward, I've already said that the number -- the JPMorgan, the UBS may be different. Well, I'm not going to try to mention all the different banks as well as Bank of America all might be different. Using the one that we use each time, there is negative in January on a nominal basis level, on a transaction basis.
So we've taken that into account. We're not assuming that the world is coming to an end, there's enough positive comments around there. They're just simply pockets of weakness and are reflected in those overarching numbers. And that's what we were allowed for. Now you're going to have to -- given our guidance and we're content with it. You're going to have to draw your own conclusions that when you see January and February in green, our quiet period, that whether or not it's positive, negative or neutral.

Operator

Our next question comes from Matt VanVliet with BTIG.

Matthew David VanVliet

I guess when you're looking at the nearly doubling of the RFP activity on the upmarket customers, you've talked about, curious on what you're seeing in terms of sales cycles, how are those RFPs sort of processing along on a normal time frame relative to in the past? And then how are you feeling about your ability to execute on those deals relative to where the macro is today?

Daniel P. Burkland

Yes. They're taking just the normal course of from a [length] standpoint that they always would. Now we've moved up market. So when we were more and more of those larger deals, and they do have longer sales cycles because there's more complexity to them. The advent of AI and automation naturally led to slightly longer sales cycles, but that was a onetime occurrence as that became part of the RFP scope. But no, it's all as expected. And we feel very good about our opportunity and our ability to close those at unprecedented rate. I'll just say that.
We kind of led the market with securing two of the largest and most complex in the world. We've demonstrated our ability to roll those out in a timely and efficient manner and they're referenceable, and we feel great about our opportunities going forward. So all positives there.

Operator

Our final question comes from Thomas Blakey with KeyBanc.

Thomas Blakey

I just wanted -- maybe I'll do a two-parter as the last person. Just maybe just double-clicking on that consumer thing, Barry. I know this has been a headwind. It should be getting smaller. I just want to know your expectations for consumer in the second half. I think there was a couple of questions around that in terms of visibility there. But I just wanted to know, just explicitly what the expectations are that installed consumer vertical in the second half? And then maybe an update for Dan. You talked about the record pipeline, maybe just give us an update, everybody wants to hear about the mega deal kind of pipeline update would be helpful.

Barry Zwarenstein

Tom, I'm afraid I'm going to have to disappoint you on your second last question because we're not going to be sharing the explicit vertical expectations for each quarter -- I'm exaggerating for a fact. We have an overarching view that we've shared and I want to limit it to that.

Daniel P. Burkland

And the second part of your question about the mega deal pipeline, I feel extremely strong there. As I mentioned earlier, it's at a record high. We've expanded that team to work those strategic accounts, those mega deals, as you say. And the bookings of those are -- it's very lumpy. They come in at different times and create lumpiness to our numbers because they are so large, but feeling very positive about the future and the opportunity that lies ahead.

Barry Zwarenstein

And Tom, just in the interest of time, give some response -- obviously, the most variable one by far is the consumer one. And so when we look at the year-over-year comparisons for the entire company, not just consumer, we go into an increasingly easier situation as each quarter goes by 2018, '16, '15. So the second half is clearly somewhat easier, including the consumer.

Thomas Blakey

That was the leading question.

Michael Burkland

And if I could, in closing, I just want to say a quick thank you to all the Five9ers as we call them, the Five9 employees as well as our partners, for all their great work, the hard work, the dedication. They are the reason for our record results in 2023. And I'm so excited about 2024 as we surpassed $1 billion in revenue and continue to go after this massive market opportunity ahead. So very exciting times. Thank you for joining us, everybody, and look forward to keeping you updated as we progress through the year. Have a good one.